ANTI-DISCR PROF 10.5A
TEQUESTA POLICE DEPARTMENT
GENERAL ORDER
TITLE: ANTI-DISCRIMINATORY PROFILING
GENERAL ORDER: 10.5A
EFFECTIVE: NOVEMBER 28, 2006
RESCINDS: 10.5
PAGES: 4
CONTENTS:
This order consists of the following numbered sections:
I. PROCEDURE
II. COMPLAINTS OF RACIAL/ETHNIC PROFILING
III. GLOSSARY
PURPOSE:
The purpose of this directive is to state that racial, ethnic, gender, or sexual orientation profiling in law
enforcement is prohibited, to provide guidelines for officers to prevent such occurrences, and to protect our officers when
they act within the dictates of the law and policy from unwarranted accusations.
SCOPE:
This order applies to all agency members.
DISCUSSION:
A fundamental right guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States to all who live in this nation is
the right to equal protection under the law. Along with this right to equal protection is the fundamental right to be free
from unreasonable searches and seizures by government agents. Citizens are free to walk and drive our streets, highways
and other public places without police interference so long as they obey the law. They also are entitled to be free from
crime, and from depredations of criminals, and to drive and walk our public ways safe from the actions of reckless and
careless drivers. This law enforcement agency is charged with protecting these rights, for all, regardless of race, color,
ethnicity, sex, sexual orientation, physical handicap, religion or other belief system.
Because of the nature of their business, law enforcement officers are required to be observant, to identify unusual
occurrences and law violations, and to act upon them. It is this proactive enforcement that keeps our citizens free from
crime, our streets and highways safe to drive upon, and that detects and apprehends criminals. This policy is intended to
assist law enforcement in accomplishing this total mission in a way that respects the dignity of all persons and yet sends a
strong deterrent message to actual and potential lawbreakers that if they break the law, they are likely to encounter the
police.
POLICY:
It is the policy of this department to patrol in a proactive manner, to aggressively investigate suspicious
persons and circumstances, and to actively enforce the motor vehicle laws, while insisting that citizens will only be
stopped or detained when there exists reasonable suspicion to believe that they have committed, are committing, or are
about to commit an infraction of the law. It is also the policy of this department to prohibit any bias based profiling in
traffic contacts, field contacts, and in asset seizure and forfeiture efforts.
I.PROCEDURE:
A.
The department’s efforts will be directed toward assigning officers to those areas where there is the highest
G.O. 10.5A
likelihood that crashes will be reduced and/or crimes prevented through proactive patrol.
B.
Officers will receive initial and ongoing training in proactive enforcement tactics, including training in officer
safety, courtesy, cultural diversity, the laws governing search and seizure, and interpersonal communication skills.
C.
Training programs will emphasize the need to respect the rights of all citizens to be free from unreasonable
government intrusion or police action.
D.
Traffic enforcement will be accompanied by consistent, ongoing supervisory oversight to ensure that officers do
not go beyond the parameters of reasonableness in conducting such activities.
E.
Motorists and pedestrians shall only be subjected to stops, seizures or detentions upon reasonable suspicion that
they have committed, are committing, or are about to commit an infraction. Each time a motorist is stopped, the officer
shall radio to the dispatcher the location of the stop, the description of the person or vehicle being detained, and the
statute number violated or other reason for the stop, and this information shall be logged.
F.
The department recognizes that with experience, individual officers may develop individualized approaches that
they find work best for them in minimizing conflict during officer/violator contacts. Given some better approach, the
following is recommended, in the order specified below:
1.
Give a greeting, such as “Good morning, ma’am”, “Good evening, sir”, etc.;
2.
Identify yourself. Ex. “I am Officer Smith of the Tequesta Police Department”.
3.
State the reason why the person is being stopped or detained. Ex. “I stopped you because I saw your vehicle go
through the stop sign at the last intersection without coming to a complete stop.
4.
It may defuse tension if you ask a motorist if there was some reason for the violation. If you choose not to ask, but
the motorist wishes to give a reason or excuse, listen politely and give them ample opportunity to tell the story.
5.
Politely ask for identification and any required documentation. Ex. “May I please see your license, registration
and proof of insurance”.
6.
After completing any necessary paperwork, inform the driver or pedestrian as to what action is being taken and
what, if any, the person must do as a result, such as how to pay the fine involved, obtain a traffic court hearing, etc.;
7.
Give an appropriate closing. For example, if the motorist was cooperative, “Thank you for your cooperation”
may be in order. Do not use the trite expression, “Have a nice day”, which would be inappropriate in these
circumstances. “Please drive carefully, your safety is important to us” is more appropriate.
8.
Make sure the driver is able to merge safely back into the traffic stream.
G.
Appropriate enforcement action should always be completed, generally in the form of a warning, citation or
arrest. The proper form must be filled out by the officer, and shall include the gender, race or ethnicity of the person
stopped, if this information can reasonably be ascertained by physical appearance or from the driver’s license or other
documents provided by the individual.
H.
No motorist, once cited or warned, shall be detained beyond the point where there exists no reasonable suspicion
of further criminal activity, and no person or vehicle shall be searched in the absence of a warrant, a legally recognized
exception to the warrant requirement, or the person’s voluntary consent. In each case where a search is conducted, this
information shall be recorded, including the legal basis for the search, and the results thereof. It is strongly
Consent to
recommended that consent searches only be conducted with written consent, using the proper department
2
G.O. 10.5A
Search
form. If the individual indicates that they will consent to a search but are refusing to sign the form, fill out the
form anyway and indicate “consented to search but refused to sign”, inserting initials and the signature of any witness
in the signature block.
I.
If the police cruiser is equipped with a video camera, the video and sound shall be activated prior to the stop, to
record the behavior of the vehicle or person, and shall remain activated until the person is released and resume their
journey.
J.
In the absence of a specific, credible report containing a physical description, a person’s race, ethnicity, gender or
sexual orientation or any combination of these shall not be a factor in determining probable cause for an arrest or
reasonable suspicion for a stop. The deliberate recording of any misleading information related to the actual or
perceived race, ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation of a person stopped for investigative or enforcement purposes is
prohibited and a cause for disciplinary action, up to and including dismissal.
K.
If the department provides public information pamphlets to officers regarding the purposes of proactive
enforcement, officers may distribute the pamphlet to each person subjected to such activities, whenever appropriate.
II. COMPLAINTS OF RACIAL/ETHNIC PROFILING:
Any person may file a complaint with the department if
they feel they have been stopped or searched based on racial, ethnic or gender-based profiling, and no person shall
be discouraged, intimidated, or coerced from filing such a complaint, or discriminated against because they filed
such a complaint.
A.
Any officer contacted by a person who wishes to file such a complaint, shall provide the citizen with a copy of a
citizen complaint form which may be mailed or delivered in person, and shall record the person’s name, address, and
telephone number, and report the contact to the officer’s supervisor prior to the end of shift.
B.
Supervisors receiving such a report shall forward it to the Professional Standards Section and all such
complaints shall be reviewed, the complaint acknowledged to the complainant in writing, and the complainant
shall be informed of the results of the review within a reasonable period of time. The report and the conclusion
shall be filed with the Professional Standards Supervisor, and shall contain findings and any suggestions for
disciplinary action or changes in policy, training, or tactics.
C:
On an annual basis, the department shall make a statistical summary of all profiling complaints for the year,
including the findings as to whether they were sustained, not sustained or exonerated.
D.
Supervisors shall review profiling complaints, periodically review a sampling of in-car video tapes, reports filed
on stops by officers, and respond at random to back up officers on vehicle stops, and shall take appropriate action
whenever it appears that this policy is being violated, being particularly alert to any pattern or practice of possible
discriminatory treatment by individual officers or squads.
III: GLOSSARY:
BIAS BASED PROFILING - The detention, interdiction, or other disparate treatment of any person on the basis of their
racial or ethnic status, gender, sexual orientation, or other characteristics.
-
REASONABLE SUSPICIONAlso known as articulable suspicion. Suspicion that is more than a mere hunch, but is
based on a set of articulable facts and circumstances that would warrant a person of reasonable caution in believing that
an infraction of the law has been committed, is about to be committed, or is in the process of being committed, by the
person or persons under suspicion. This can be based on the observations of a police officer combined with his or her
training and experience, and/or reliable information received from credible outside sources.
INDEXING:
3
G.O. 10.5A
RACIAL PROFILING
SAFE AND LEGAL TRAFFIC STOPS
DRAFTED:
DJR/November, 2006/Filed: SALTS10.5
APPROVED:
Pete Pitocchelli, Chief DATE: November 05, 2011
Tequesta, Florida
4