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Citizen's Climate Lobby Proposal Village of Tequesta The Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act Linda Smithe 17976 Via Rio Jupiter, FL 33458 (561) 676-0277 DestinationLoop@gmail.com it Andrew Marsh 141 Stonebriar Blvd. Jupiter, FL 33458 (410) 300-0512 anjmarhr,.� m�i�.rom i Lq Citizens' Climate Lobby n w Index The Ask Climate Change in Florida Assessment of the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act itements of Support and dorsements 31ank Example Resolution • �qd M Citizen's Climate Lobby Proposal Resolution to Support The Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act H.R.763 1. Index: 2. The Ask 3. Background CCL 4. Climate Change in Florida 5. Assessment of the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act 6. Statements of Support and Endorsements • City of Stuart Resolution 51-2019 • Broward County Resolution 2020-280 • Palm Beach County Resolution 2019-0486 • City of Coconut Creek Resolution 2019-082 • City of Boca Raton Resolution 125-2018 • City of St Petersburg Resolution 2018-533 • Mayor's Climate Action Pledge • Southeast Florida Regional Climate Compact Counties: 2019 Federal Legislative Priorities • Southeast Florida Regional Climate Compact Counties: 2019 Federal Energy, Climate and Resilience Legislative Principles 7. Blank Example Resolution 8. CCL Information (*LMO n m icy 17976 Via Rio, Jupiter, FL 33458 (561) 676-0277 June 9, 2021 RE: The Ask, The Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act, Dear Environmental Advisory Committee, As a mother and grandmother I would like to ask you and the Jupiter inlet Colony Council to join me in supporting the bipartisan Energy Innovation Act, I understand the Jupiter Inlet Colony Council does not have the authority to vote on the Energy Innovation Act, but the Town can pass a resolution to endorse the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act. I believe we need to need to act on Climate Change on many levels from individual citizens through to the federal government. The Energy Innovation and Carbon Energy Act currently has in the US House of Representatives 75 co-sponsors, including 6 members of the Ways and Means, 5 members of the Energy and Commerce, and 13 members from Foreign Affairs. There are over 1.000 endorsements Citizens' Climate Lobby membership has over 150,000 supporters. This demonstrates a top down and bottom up approach. So, what is the Energy Innovation and Carbon Act? This act creates a market driven demand for cleaner energy technologies, reduces US carbon emissions, and corrects current market distortions. It protects people and stimulates local economies This proposal should help to further define the Energy Innovation and Carbon Act, list endorsements, provide examples of resolutions. You can also go to https://community.citizensclimate.org/home . Of course, if you still have questions please ask and I will try to provide information or clarify. Please join me to advocate for the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act. Sincerely, Linda Smithe Architect, USGBC LEED AAP BD&C, Member Citizens Climate Lobby, Sierra Club, Audubon, National Parks Conservation Association, World Wildlife Fund, The Nature Conservancy, Ocean Conservancy, Wilderness Society, and Natural Resources Defense Council. I� No Text Nw- H.R. 763 The Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act will drive down America's carbon pollution and bring climate change under control, while unleashing American technology innovation and ingenuity. It's: Effective This policy will reduce America's emissions by at least 40% in the first 12 years. It's supported by economists and scientists as simple, comprehensive, and effective. Good for people ® This policy will improve health and save lives by reducing pollution that Americans breathe. Additionally, the carbon dividend puts money directly into people's pockets every month to spend as they see fit, helping low and middle income Americans. Good for the economy Will create 2.1 million new jobs, thanks to economic growth in local communities across America. Bipartisan Republicans and Democrats are both on board, cosponsoring this bill together. The majority of Americans support Congress taking action on climate change, including more than half of Republicans. Solving climate change is too urgent to get caught up in partisan politics. Revenue Neutral The fees collected on carbon emissions will be allocated to all Americans to spend any way they choose. The government will not keep any of the fees collected, so the size of the government will not grow. Sources for statistics available at: energyinnovationact.org/data-sources How it Works 0 Carbon Fee This policy puts a fee on fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas. It starts low, and grows over time. 0 Carbon Dividend The money collected from the carbon fee is allocated in equal shares every month to the American people to spend as they see fit. 0 Border Carbon Adjustment To protect U.S. manufacturers and jobs, imported goods will pay a border carbon adjustment, and goods exported from the United States will receive a refund under this policy. 0 Regulatory Adjustment This policy preserves effective current regulations, like auto mileage standards, but pauses the EPA authority to regulate the CO2 and equivalent emissions covered by the fee, for the first 10 years after the policy is enacted. If emission targets are not being met after 10 years, Congress gives clear direction to the EPA to regulate those emissions to meet those targets. The pause does not impact EPA regulations related to water quality, air quality, health or other issues. This policy's price on pollution will lower carbon emissions far more than existing and pending EPA regulations. See Sponsors List & Learn More Go to energyinnovationact.org to learn more about the Energy Innovation & Carbon Dividend Act. Support the Bill Go to cclusa.org/energy-innovation-act to contact your Congressional Representative :: Citizens' Climate Lobby I(L Citizens' Climate Lobby Support the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act, H.R. 763 America is unlikely to have the luxury of one crisis at a time. While responding to the pandemic is and must be your top priority, it is very likely that at some point soon, a climate -related disaster will strike American households and you will be asked to respond to both crises; COVID and climate. Support for climate action remains at record levels despite the pandemic. Whatever climate action is taken should bear in mind the suffering low-income households are enduring, and create jobs. We believe this legislation does both. Support for HR 763 is growing • Now at 81 co-sponsors, 80 Democrats and 1 Republican. • Referred to 3 committees; Ways and Means, Energy and Commerce, Foreign Affairs. • Co-sponsor list includes 6 members of Ways and Means, 6 members of Energy and Commerce, and 15 from Foreign Affairs. • Over 1,500 endorsements for the bill specifically. 3,500+ economists have endorsed principles that are non-specific, but inclusive of this bill. • Notable statements of support from Trout Unlimited, the US Conference of Catholic Bishops, and the Silicon Valley Leadership Group, among others (https://energyinnovationact.org/statements/) • CCL membership has grown to include over 180,000 supporters. Major Policy Components Carbon Fee - Creates market -driven demand for cleaner energy technologies. Reduces U.S carbon emissions by correcting market distortions. Carbon Dividend - Protects people and stimulates local economies. Maintains revenue neutrality. Rebate offsets cost increases for most Americans. Border Carbon Adjustment - Ensures competitiveness of American manufacturing, eliminates incentive for companies to move manufacturing overseas. Creates economic incentive for all nations to price carbon. Regulatory Adjustment - To avoid redundant regulation on certain greenhouse gases. CAFE vehicle efficiency standards, methane, mercury, and particulate regulations remain in place. CONTACT: CCL VP of Gov't Affairs: Danny Richter, 202.567.7045, danielc@citizensclimate.org www.citizensclimatelobby.org I i'm Climate Change in Florida: StatesatRisk.org Extreme Heat: Higher temperatures lengthen mosquito breeding season. More mosquitos mean more disease. More than 620,000 people living in Florida are especially vulnerable to extreme heat. Florida currently has an average of 25 dangerous heat days each year. By 2050, it is projected to see 130 dangerous heat days per year, More than any other state. MORE DANGER DAYS Increasing Stagnant Summer Air Change in stagnant summer days per year since 1973 HEAT INDEX ABOVE 105° r, d5 -35 -25 -15 .5 •5 •15 •25 •35 •45 1 Climate Change in Florida: StatesatRisk.org Drought: Even though average rainfall in Florida is 54 inches. It is not evenly distributed and tends to produce periods of water shortages. Florida is first in the country for the proportion of summer verses winter rainfall, the difference in rainfall between the normally wettest and dries months, and the difference in rainfall between relatively wet and dry summers. Climate Change in Florida: StatesatRisk.org Wildfires More than 5.3 million people living in Florida or 28 percent of the state's population are living in areas at elevated risk for wildfires. 3 Climate Change in Florida: StatesatRisk.org Inland Flooding More than 1.5 million people are living in areas at elevated risk of inland flooding. In 2016 more than 150 gallons of sewage spilled in St. Petersburg due to heavy rain events. Heavy downpours have increased since 1950. 4 Climate Change in Florida: StatesatRisk.org Coastal Flooding: Florida has 3.5 million people at risk of coastal flooding. By 2050, an additional 1.1 million people are project d to be at risk. Mayport, FL A Decade of Coastal Flood Days _.r. 98% Human -caused Florida currently has more than 3,600 square miles in the 100-year coastal flood plain. By 2050, this area is projected to increase to 5,300 square miles due to sea level rise. 5 0 9 Rh AN ASSESSMENT OF 1 ENERGY INNOVATION wnu CARBON DIVIDEND ACT ■ BY NOAH KAUFMAN, JOHN LARSEN, PETER MARSTERS, HANNAH KOLUS, AND SHASHANK MOHAN OCTOBER 2019 ABOUT THE CENTER ON GLOBAL ENERGY POLICY The Center on Global Energy Policy provides independent, balanced, data -driven analysis to help policymakers navigate the complex world of energy. We approach energy as an economic, security, and environmental concern. And we draw on the resources of a world - class institution, faculty with real -world experience, and a location in the world's finance and media capital. Visit us at www.energypolicy.columbia.edii f Q @ColumbiaUenergy ILA Co ABOUT THE SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS SIPA's mission is to empower people to serve the global public interest. Our goal is to foster economic growth, sustainable development, social progress, and democratic governance by educating public policy professionals, producing policy -related research, and conveying the results to the world. Based in New York City, with a student body that is 50 percent international and educational partners in cities around the world, SIPA is the most global of public policy schools. For more information, please visit ABOUT THE RHODIUM GROUP Rhodium Group is a leading independent research provider that combines economic data analytics and policy insights to help clients understand global trends. Rhodium's Energy & Climate team analyzes the market impact of energy and climate policy and the economic risks of global climate change. Their research supports decision -makers in the public, financial services, corporate, philanthropic and non-profit sectors. By combining policy expertise with a suite of detailed energy -economic models, Rhodium helps clients understand the impact of energy and climate change policy on economic output, energy markets, and greenhouse gas emissions. For more information, please visit 0, 12- COLUM B IA I S I PA RHODIUM Center on Global Energy Policy GROUP AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT BY NOAH KAUFMAN, JOHN LARSEN, PETER MARSTERS, HANNAH KOLUS, AND SHASHANK MOHAN OCTOBER 2019 Columbia University CGEP 1255 Amsterdam Ave. New York, NY 10027 energypolicy.columbia.edu Rhodium Group 5 Columbus Circle New York, NY 10019 rhg.com 0 1 0 @ColumbiaUenergy f @RhodiumGrp W @rhodium group AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank three anonymous reviewers who provided useful comments and feedback. The authors would also like to acknowledge the contributions of Christina Nelson, Anna Gossett, Sha Du, Matthew Robinson, Artealia Gilliard, Genna Morton, Stephanie Hanson Damassa, and Jason Bordoff. This policy paper represents the research and views of the authors. It does not necessarily represent the views of the Center on Global Energy Policy or Rhodium Group. The paper may be subject to further revision. This work was made possible by support from the Center on Global Energy Policy. More information is available at https://energypolicy.columbia.edu/about/partners. ENERGYPOLICY.C:OLUMBIA.EDU • RHG.COM I OCTOBER 2019 13 AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT FOREWORD The Center on Global Energy Policy (CGEP) at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs launched a Carbon Tax Research Initiative in 2018 with the goal of enabling the design and thoughtful consideration of federal carbon tax policy in the United States. The initiative is a collaboration among scholars at CGEP, the broader Columbia University faculty, and independent external experts. This paper is a collaboration between CGEP and Rhodium Group, an independent research provider. 41 CENTER ON GLOBAL ENERGY POLICY I COLUMBIA SIPA • RHODIUM GROUP AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT ABOUT THE AUTHORS Noah Kaufman joined the Columbia University SIPA Center on Global Energy Policy (CGEP) as a research scholar in January 2018. Noah works on climate and dean energy policies and directs CGEP's Carbon Tax Research Initiative. At World Resource Institute, Noah led projects on carbon pricing, the economic impacts of climate policies, and long-term decarbonization strategies. Under President Obama, he served as the Deputy Associate Director of Energy & Climate Change at the White House Council on Environmental Quality. Previously, he was a Senior Consultant in the Environment Practice of NERA Economic Consulting. Noah received his BS in economics, cum laude, from Duke University, and his PhD and MS in economics from the University of Texas at Austin. John Larsen is a Director at Rhodium Group and leads the firm's US power sector and energy systems research. John specializes in analysis of national and state clean energy policy and market trends. Previously, John worked for the US Department of Energy's Office of Energy Policy and Systems Analysis, where he served as an electric power policy advisor. Prior to working in government, John led federal and congressional policy analysis in the World Resources Institute's Climate and Energy Program. John is a non-resident Senior Associate { in the Energy and National Security Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. He has lectured at several academic institutions including Johns Hopkins University and Amherst College. He holds a bachelor's degree in environmental science from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and a master's degree in urban and environmental policy and planning from Tufts University. Peter Marsters is a Research Associate focused on supporting the Carbon Tax Research Initiative at the Center on Global Energy Policy. His work focuses on the policy levers and economic outcomes of deep decarbonization and carbon pricing. Peter has researched and published on issues such as state -level transitions to 100% clean energy, the energy and environmental implications of a federal carbon tax, and the future of the US coal industry. Before joining the Center on Global Energy Policy, he worked at the Rhodium Group, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars. He holds a master of arts in energy and resources from the University of California -Berkeley and a bachelor of science in history from Bates College. Hannah Kolus is a Research Analyst with Rhodium Group's Energy & Climate team, focusing on US energy markets and policy. Before joining Rhodium, Hannah worked with global land models and output at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and researched historical climate at Northern Arizona University. She has a bachelor's degree in physics from Brown University and a master's degree in environmental science and policy from Northern Arizona University. Shashank Mohan is Director of Quantitative Analysis at Rhodium Group. Shashank leads the development and management of Rhodium's suite of economic models and other quantitative ENERGYPOLICY.r,OLUMBIA.EDU • RHG.COM I OCTOBER 201915 AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT tools. He joined Rhodium in 2008 as a research analyst, and has since worked across Rhodium's practice areas to analyze the impact of policy proposals and structural developments on specific markets and broader economic trends. Shashank has extensive experience building and leveraging a wide variety of economic and energy system modeling, including computable general equilibrium models, econometric growth models, the National Energy Modeling System, and input-output analysis, to inform market and policy -relevant energy, economic, and environmental analysis. Prior to joining Rhodium, Shashank was a software engineer at Microsoft. He holds a master's degree from the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University and is a mathematics and computer science graduate of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur. 61 CENTER ON GLOBAL ENERGY POLICY I COLUMBIA SIPA • RHODIUM GROUP AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT TABLE OF CONTENTS V Executive Summary - - -- - 08 Introduction -- - - -- - - - - 10 Analytical Approach - -- - - - — - 11 GHG Emissions Implications ------- - - - - - 13 Energy Implications - - 16 Revenue and Carbon Dividend - ---- — 20 Impacts Not Directly Modeled --- - ---- - — 27 Appendix A: Methodology for Estimating the Carbon Dividend and Its Taxation - - -- 29 Notes - --- ---- - -- ---- - - 31 V ENERGYPOLICY.GOLUMBIA.EDU • RHG.COM I OCTOBER 201917 AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT e1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Growing public concern about the social, economic, and environmental impacts of climate change, along with pressure for lawmakers to introduce policy proposals that reduce emissions, have brought carbon taxes to the center of policy discussions on Capitol Hill. Thus far in 2019, seven different carbon tax legislative proposals have been introduced in Congress. The proposal with the most cosponsors, totaling 64 Democrats and 1 Republican as of the end of September 2019, is the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act (EICDA), introduced in February 2019 by lead sponsor Ted Deutch (D-FL). This study assesses the potential impacts of EICDA on the US energy system, environment, and economy. EICDA establishes a fee on each ton of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It covers over 80 percent of gross national emissions. The fee starts at $15 per metric ton and increases by $10 or $15 each year, depending on future emissions levels. Revenue raised by the carbon fee is used for "carbon dividends," a rebate to every eligible US citizen or lawful resident. The bill also includes measures to protect US competitiveness and to reduce the risk that companies will relocate their operations to a different country with laxer climate laws. Through the carbon fee and additional regulations if necessary, EICDA targets 90 percent emissions reductions by 2050 compared to 2016 levels. This study is part of a joint effort by Columbia University's Center on Global Energy Policy (CGEP) and Rhodium Group to help policymakers, journalists, and other stakeholders understand the important decisions associated with the design of carbon tax policies and the implications of these decisions. This analysis uses a version of the National Energy Modeling System maintained by the Rhodium Group (RHG-NEMS) to quantify the energy and environmental implications of EICDA, focusing on outcomes through 2030. Supplemental analyses provide insights on how EICDA would affect households, the economy, and government budgets. The following are key results: GHG emissions decline substantially. Compared to 2005 levels, implementing EICDA as a stand-alone policy leads to economy -wide net GHG emissions reductions of 32-33 percent by 2025 and 36-38 percent by 2030. These emissions reductions exceed the targets in the EICDA proposal through 2030 and exceed the US commitments to the Paris Agreement over this period. Most of the near -term emission reductions occur in the power sector, where emissions fall 82-84 percent by 2030. Air pollution also declines. EICDA reduces local air pollution from power plants. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and mercury emissions from the power sector decline by rnore than 95 percent and emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOX) decline by about 75 percent by 2030 relative to a current policy scenario. Electricity generation shifts to cleaner sources. The price on carbon causes the US economy to shift from carbon -intensive energy sources to low- and zero -carbon energy 81 CENTER ON GLOBAL ENERGY POLICY I COLUMBIA SIPA • RHODIUM GROUP AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT sources. Coal is nearly eliminated from the power sector by 2030, with solar, wind, nuclear, and natural gas with carbon capture and storage all providing significantly larger generation shares compared to a current policy scenario. Energy prices rise but do not skyrocket. The price on carbon causes energy prices to increase for all carbon -emitting fuels, which leads to significantly higher overall energy expenditures, though within the range of recent historical variation. Taking two prominent examples, results show EICDA causing national average gasoline prices to increase by about 12 cents per gallon in 2020 and 90 cents per gallon in 2030 and causing national average electricity prices to increase by about 1 and 3 cents per kilowatt hour in 2020 and 2030, respectively. EICDA causes per capita energy expenditures to increase by $200-$210 in 2020 and $1,160-$1,170 in 2030 compared to a current policy scenario. In all years, annual per capita energy expenditures remain below the recent historical peak during the commodities crisis in 2008. The carbon dividend cushions energy price impacts. EICDA generates substantial revenue that is distributed in the form of equal dividend payments. EICDA generates $72-$75 billion in carbon tax revenues in 2020 and $403-S422 billion in 2030. This translates into an annual dividend for eligible adults of $250-$260 in 2020 and $1,410- $1,470 in 2030, with half those amounts also paid to eligible children. On average, the carbon dividend payments are comparable to the changes in energy expenditures caused by EICDA. Because higher -income households purchase far more carbon - intensive goods and services, distributing dividends equally implies that average low - and middle-incorne households receive more in dividends than they pay in increased economy -wide prices for goods and services resulting from the carbon tax. Net government revenue declines slightly, at least initially. Carbon tax -and -dividend policies are often described as "revenue neutral," but the impacts of EICDA on government revenue are uncertain and likely negative in the near term. We estimate that the net government revenues under EICDA decline by roughly 10 percent of the annual carbon tax revenue in the early years of the policy. This estimate considers government revenue gains from taxing emissions and dividends, dividend payouts, and government revenue losses from reduced income and payroll taxes from those who pay the carbon tax. However, the proposal will also affect government revenue in other ways that are beyond the scope of our analysis, so the overall impacts on net government revenue is uncertain. ENERGYPOLICY.COLUMBIA.EDU • RHG.COM I OCTOBER 201919 AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT INTRODUCTION This paper analyzes the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act (EICDA) of 2019 proposed by Congressman Ted Deutch (D-FL) and cosponsored by 65 members of the House of Representatives as of the end of September 2019, including 1 Republican. It presents estimates of the impacts of EICDA on emissions, energy markets, households, and government revenues. It also compares EICDA to other recent proposals for federal carbon pricing policies and highlights relevant results from the literature. EICDA establishes a fee on emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) that starts at a rate of $15 per metric ton and increases by $10 per year plus the rate of inflation, contingent on meeting annual emission targets stipulated in the legislation. If emissions from covered fuels fail to meet a target in a given year, the tax rate increases by $15 the following year. EICDA also covers fluorinated gases at a rate of 10 percent of the carbon fee, so it grows from $1.50 per ton of CO2 equivalence (CO 2e) in 2020 to $11.50 by 2030. The GHG emissions covered by EICDA account for the majority (over 80 percent) of gross national emissions. Outside the scope of the bill are emissions from and related to agriculture, land use, certain industrial processes, and any emissions from the armed forces. I& Revenue raised by the carbon fee (after minor administrative expenses) is used for "carbon dividends," a rebate to every eligible US citizen or lawful resident. Eligible adults would receive a full portion and children would receive half. In addition, the bill proposes a border carbon adjustment that would tax carbon -intensive imports and refund taxes to carbon - intensive exports. Finally, EICDA proposes to temporarily suspend Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) authority to regulate emissions from stationary sources of CO2 that are also covered by the carbon fee. Regulatory authority over mobile emissions sources and emissions not covered by the carbon fee are unchanged. If emissions goals are not met after 10 years, regulatory authority is restored to accompany the increasing carbon fee, and the federal government is required to put regulations in place to achieve the targets described in the bill, which chart a pathway to 90 percent emissions reductions by 2050 compared to 2016 levels. 101 CENTER ON GLOBAL ENERGY POLICY I COLUMBIA SIPA • RHODIUM GROUP AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT ANALYTICAL APPROACH To assess the energy and environmental implications of the EICDA proposal, we modeled a range of scenarios in a version of the National Energy Modeling Sysem constructed by the Energy Information Agency and maintained by the Rhodium Group (RHG-NEMS). RHG-NEMS can produce economy -wide projections of the US energy system as well as projections of all major GHG emissions.' Energy technology and market assumptions for all scenarios match Rhodium Group's Taking Stock 2018 scenarios.2 Specifically we consider high-, central-, and low -energy cost scenarios that vary the assumed costs of renewable energy and battery technologies as well as the price of natural gas. More details can be found in the Taking Stock 2018 technical appendix.' In the low -energy cost scenario only, we also assume the availability of additional low -carbon technologies beyond what's included in Taking Stock 2018, such as carbon capture and storage for industrial facilities and renewable natural gas.' These additions are intended to represent additional technological innovation that may occur in the US in connection with the implementation of an economy -wide carbon price. Historical GHG data used in this analysis is sourced from the EPA's GHG inventory published in 2018 with data through 2016. Consistent with the EPA inventory, we use 100-year global warming potentials and upstream methane emission rates for fossil fuel production and distribution from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report. Throughout this report, we primarily discuss results out to 2030, due to uncertainties about the evolution of the US energy system and economy further into the future. Modeling the EICDA Proposal As a starting point, we construct a current policy scenario that reflects all federal and state policies in place through May 2018. This scenario assumes US carbon sequestration from land use, land use change, and forestry follows the optimistic pathway considered in Rhodium Group's 2018 Taking Stock report.' We assume climate policy in the rest of the world remains unchanged across all of our scenarios. Our EICDA scenario builds on the current policy scenario, adding all provisions contained in the EICDA proposal unless otherwise noted below. We assume all state and federal policies not revoked or revised by the proposal remain in place. We assume all measures take effect in 2020 and continue throughout the projection period. For CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use, we apply the tax in RHG-NEMS to all covered fuels, and the model solves for the least -cost pathway to provide energy services throughout the US economy. The carbon tax applies to imported fossil fuels but not exports. Under EICDA, a border tax adjustment would be applied to the export and import of certain energy- and trade -intensive products. To reflect this provision of the bill, we fixed relative international prices for fuels ENERGYPOLICY.COLUMBIA.EDU • RHG.COM I OCTOBER 2019111 AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT M and commodities so that international trade is not affected by a change in US prices due to a carbon tax. Tax credits are available for nonemissive uses of taxed fuels and for the capture and permanent sequestration of CO2 emissions from taxed fuels. Modeling the impact of the fee on F-gases is outside the scope of our analysis. In line with the language in the proposal, we assume the carbon fee does not apply to upstream GHG emissions from fossil fuel production due to the administrative difficulties of doing so, but an alternative plausible reading of the proposal is that it covers these emissions. 121 CENTER ON GLOBAL ENERGY POLICY I COLUMBIA SIPA • RHODIUM GROUP AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT GHG EMISSIONS IMPLICATIONS We find that the EICDA proposal could drive US economy -wide net GHG emissions down 32-33 percent from 2005 levels by 2025 and down 36-38 percent from 2005 levels by 2030 (figure 1). The range reflects the three energy cost scenarios discussed above. The bill represents a departure from current policy, under which emissions are projected to be between 15-19 percent below 2005 levels in 2025 and 15-17 percent below 2005 levels by 2030. Figure 1: US economy -wide net GHG emissions, 2015-2030 a) 5,500 X IN 5,000 0 v Z 4,500 C 0 4,000 c2 t0 rn O N O O O O O N M d M W � W M O N N (V N N N N N N M O O O O O O O O O O N CV N CV (V N N N N N —12% -17% -22% -27% -32% -37% -42 % -47% More than two-thirds of the emissions reductions achieved relative to 2005 and roughly 85 percent of the emission reductions achieved relative to current policy occur in the electric power sector. Indeed, power sector emissions decline rapidly once the tax is in place and fall 82-84 percent below 2005 levels by 2030 (figure 2). These reductions are greater than the 30-39 percent reductions from 2005 by 2030 that occur in the current policy scenario. Driving these reductions are the presence of competitive markets and readily available abatement opportunities, such as shifting dispatch from carbon -intensive coal generators to lower -carbon natural gas generators, as well as developing new low- and zero -emitting capacity, such as wind, solar, and natural gas with carbon capture and storage.6 72 • to ENERGYPOLICY.COLUMBIA.EDU • RHG.COM I OCTOBER 2019113 AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT Figure 2: US electric power sector and all other GHG emissions, 2015-2030 5,000 4,500 4,000 O v 3.500 V) 0 3,000 c 2,500 E 2,000 0 1,500 g 1,000 500 0 Current policy: all other emissions fissions fissions fissions to lO f� CO O) O FV N M d' M W N W M O O O O O O p ON O O O O O O O O O Emissions from other sectors also decline under the EICDA proposal, but not to the same degree as in the electric power sector. Some sectors, such as buildings and transportation, are slower to respond to a carbon tax because of relatively small changes in consumer prices, slow stock turnover, and other nonprice barriers such as principal -agent problems! Some emissions sources, such as in the agriculture and waste sectors, are not subject to the carbon tax and in turn are little changed compared to current policy.$ Taken together, we find that emissions from the rest of the US economy outside the electric power sector decline slowly under the EICDA proposal to 6-9 percent below 2005 levels by 2030. Still, emissions reductions are three times greater under EICDA than the 2-3 percent reduction from 2005 levels under current policy in that year. As mentioned above, EICDA includes emissions targets and a provision that accelerates the annual carbon tax rate increases if taxed emissions from covered fuels are above these targets. Through 2030, we find that the provision in the proposal that adjusts the tax rate to meet emission -reduction targets for taxed emissions is not triggered in our scenarios (figure 3). This analysis focuses on outcomes through 2030 due to the limitations of projecting energy systems over multiple decades. Looking at the results beyond 2030, the RHG-NEMS model shows that reductions in taxed emissions slow substantially and exceed the EICDA's emission - reduction targets in the early 2030s (figure 3). If this comes to pass, the tax rate in the proposal would increase at $15/ton per year instead of the default $10/ton per year until covered emissions are reduced to a point where they meet or exceed the targets. However, if we are underestimating the technological progress of clean energy or the behavioral responses to the carbon tax,9 or if other policies are adopted that enable more rapid emissions reductions, the emissions targets could be achieved through early 2030 and beyond. 141 CENTER ON GLOBAL ENERGY POLICY I COLUMBIA SIPA • RHODIUM GROUP AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT Figure 3: EICDA taxed emissions and emissions reduction targets, 2015-2035 m 5,000 N 0 J 4,000 Taxed emissions 0 c 3,000 m E C 2,000 Reduction target path 0 2: 1,000 101 Ui t2 r` 00 21 O N N M 'q tow I-' m M O M N M 'I N N N N N N N N N N M M M M M O O O O O O " 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CN 0 0 0 0 0 ENERGYPOLICY.COLUMBIA.EDU • RHG.COM I OCTOBER 2019115 AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT ENERGY IMPLICATIONS The price on carbon contained in the EICDA proposal causes the US economy to shift from carbon -intensive energy sources to low- and zero -carbon energy sources. This shift underlies the emissions reductions discussed above. If their products are competitive in global markets, US fossil fuel producers can seek external markets, since exports are not taxed, and our analysis does not assume that comparable policies are put in place by US trading partners. Meanwhile, energy prices for all consumers rise to reflect the carbon tax. In turn, energy expenditures increase relative to current policy. Energy Production Implications Looking across all US fossil fuel production, we find that the carbon tax has the largest impact on coal, because it is the most carbon -intensive fuel. In 2030, coal production is 135-138 million short tons under EICDA, which is a 72-81 percent reduction relative to current policy (figure 4), with remaining coal production predominantly serving consumers in the industrial sector.t0 We find that coal exports are roughly the same under EICDA as they are under a current policy scenario. US oil production is essentially unchanged under EICDA compared to a current policy scenario. Fuel demand is lower under the carbon tax, but this translates into a reduction in net petroleum imports rather than a change in production. Natural gas production in 2030 is projected to be similar under EICDA and under current policies in the high-energy cost scenario. In the low -energy cost scenario, projected natural gas production in 2030 is five billion cubic feet per day lower under EICDA due to deployment of renewable natural gas. This low -carbon alternative captures market share from fossil natural gas in response to the carbon tax. Figure 4: US fossil fuel production, 2030 800 709 700 600 N 500 400 484 U 300 200 100 0 0 cc . 50 47 ^ 45 42 a 40 v 35 39 39 m 30 I� 0 25 °' 20 76 138 15 0 10 135 Z 5 0 ■ Current policy ■ EICDA 161 CENTER ON GLOBAL ENERGY POLICY 1 COLUMBIA SIPA • RHODIUM GROUP AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT Electricity generation from zero- and low-Co02-emitting sources increases under EICDA compared to a current policy scenario. Figure 5 displays the results from our central -energy cost scenario. In 2020, the first year of the tax, we find that conventional natural gas and renewable generation both increase relative to a current policy scenario, displacing coal. By 2030, the US electric system looks quite different under EICDA. Coal generation falls from 18 percent of generation under current policies to 1 percent of generation under EICDA in response to the carbon tax, and generation from natural gas without carbon capture and storage (CCS) declines by a similar amount. They are replaced in large part by renewables (primarily wind and solar), which increase to 44 percent of generation under EICDA; average annual deployment in the 2020s of solar and wind capacity are 20-24 gigawatts (GW) and 9-10 GW, respectively. Also replacing uncontrolled fossil generation are new natural gas -fired power plants equipped with CCS, which provides 16 percent of total generation in 2030. Finally, EICDA causes nuclear generation to retain more of its current market share. While some retirements of nuclear plants will occur regardless of the carbon tax, under EICDA, the remaining nuclear plants are more competitive compared to uncontrolled fossil fuel generators. Depending on cost assumptions, between 4 and 30 GW of nuclear energy capacity retirements are avoided by 2030 due to EICDA, and nuclear energy provides about 16 percent of total generation under EICDA in each of the cost scenarios" Figure 5: US electric generation mix, 2020 and 2030 C 0 �o a� C a� rn 0 0 2020 2030 100% 1% 1% 1% 1% IA 80 70% 21%M 23% 60% 50% 40% ,,. 30% •'• 20% 10 % 22 17% 18% 0% - Current EICDA Current EICDA * Other ■ Nuclear ■ Renewables ■ Natural gas with CCS ■ Natural gas ■ Coal ENERGYPOLICY.COLUMBIA.EDU • RHG.COM I OCTOBER 2019117 AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT Energy Price Implications The price on carbon in the EICDA proposal increases the cost of fuels and electricity for all consumers across the economy. We focus on prices for two key energy commodities: gasoline and electricity. The carbon tax increases the price of transportation fuels in relation to their carbon intensity. Meanwhile, as consumers respond to price increases, travel demand declines; over time, some drivers choose electric vehicles over internal-combustion vehicles to reduce costs. This reduced demand for gasoline slightly dampens the overall impact of the carbon tax on gasoline prices. In 2020, we find that national average gasoline prices under EICDA are $3.12-$3.14 per gallon, compared to roughly $3.00 per gallon under current policy (figure 6). As the tax rate escalates, gasoline prices increase. In 2030, gasoline costs $4.33-$4.41 per gallon under EICDA, which is roughly 90 cents more per gallon than under current policy in the same year. Figure 6: US average gasoline prices, 2020 and 2030 2020 2030 $5 $4.41 C $4 $4.33 0 $3.51 O) $3.01 $3.14 Q. $3 $3.43 $3.00 $3.12 �o $2 rn 0 $1 $0 -- Current policy EICDA Current policy EICDA In the current policy scenario, national average electric prices rise from a range of 10-11 cents per kilowatt-hour (kWh) in 2020 to 11-12 cents per kWh in 2030 (figure 7). Under the EICDA proposal, wholesale electric prices increase as EICDA causes the cost of generation from fossil fuel -fired power plants to rise, leading electric markets to shift away from carbon -intensive resources. These higher costs flow through to retail rates. In 2020, average retail prices are 11-12 cents per kWh, or 9-10 percent higher than the current policy scenario; in 2030, prices are 14-15 cents per kWh, 25-27 percent higher than the current policy scenario. Consumers respond to higher prices by reducing demand, so the impacts on national average electric bills are smaller. In 2020, average bills are roughly 4-5 percent higher under EICDA than under current policy, and in 2030, bills are 22-24 percent higher. 181 CENTER ON GLOBAL ENERGY POLICY I COLUMBIA SIPA • RHODIUM GROUP AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT Figure 7: National average electric prices, 2020 and 2030 a� fl. 61 c a) U 0 N 2020 2030 16 15 14 12 12 i 11 12 14 10 10 11 11 8 6 4 2 o Current policy EICDA Current policy EICDA to • • ENERGYPOLICY.COLUMBIA.EDU • RHG.COM I OCTOBER 2019119 AN ASSESSMENT Of THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT REVENUE AND CARBON DIVIDEND The tax generates substantial new revenue for the federal government. We estimate carbon tax gross revenue of $72-$75 billion in 2020. Because of the increasing tax rate, annual carbon tax gross revenue increases throughout the decade and reaches $403-$422 billion in 2030. Carbon tax revenue is distributed in the form of a monthly dividend payment to anyone with a Social Security number or a tax identification number. An exception is for administrative expenses, which we assume account for 1 percent of carbon tax revenue each year.12 Eligible individuals 19 years and older (adults) receive a full dividend, while those 18 years and younger (children) receive a half dividend. Figure 8 shows our estimates of the annual dividends, which are about $250-$260 for each adult and $125-$130 per child in 2020, rising steadily to $1,410- $1,470 for each adult and $705-$735 per child in 2030. Appendix A provides the details of these calculations. Figure 8: EICDA estimated annual dividend payments, 2020-2030 $1,600 $1,400 $1,200 N i f6 $1,000 0 $800 0 N $600 $400 $200 $0 2020 2025 2030 A natural question is how the dividend payments compare to the impacts on consumers of increased energy prices. This is a difficult question to answer, but to inform it, we compare the dividend payments to the increases in per capita energy expenditures, defined as economy - wide expenditures divided by total population. Figure 9 shows that the carbon tax increases per capita energy expenditures steadily through the 2020s, to $5,035 per person in 2030 in the central -energy cost scenario. This is $1,171 more than the comparable value under current policies. Even with a carbon tax rate of over $100 per ton in 2030, per capita energy expenditures do not exceed the recent historical peak of $5,214 during the commodities crisis in 2008. 201 CENTER ON GLOBAL ENERGY POLICY I COLUMBIA SIPA • RHODIUM GROUP AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT Figure 9: US per capita energy expenditures, 2005-2030 $6,000 $5,000 $4,000 V) 0 $3,000 1 rn $2,000 $1,000 $0 2005 Historical =6111110 Current policy 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Figure 10 compares the annual dividend payments to the economy -wide increases in energy expenditures caused by EICDA for an average household in 2020 and 2030. It shows that the dividend payments are roughly equal to the increased expenditures, with the dividend payments slightly higher both years for the average household. This is a coarse comparison for numerous reasons: the expenditure figures include energy price changes that are incurred in part by commercial services providers, industrial good providers, and transportation providers, which are likely to be passed on to households to some degree through increases in the cost of goods and services; the tax implications for both the dividend and the expenditures are ignored; and, of course, there will be significant differences in per capita expenditures across regions of the country and income levels. Still, it provides a high- level perspective on how dividends compare to increases in consumer energy costs. ENERGYPOLICY.COLUMBIA.EDU • RHG.COM I OCTOBER 2019121 AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT Figure 10: Average household dividend payments and changes in household energy expenditures, 2020 and 2030 $3,500 $3,000 $2,500 70 $2,000 rn o $1,500 $500 F-9 2020 2030 $3,239 $3,333 Increased Dividend payment Increased Dividend payment expenditures expenditures Impacts on Federal Government Revenue The two largest changes in federal government revenue and expen- are the payments of the carbon tax and the payments of the carbon dividends. We estimate the gross revenue raised by the carbon tax is $72-$75 billion in 2020, rising to $403-$422 billion in 2030. Since virtually all revenues are used to fund carbon dividends, carbon tax -and -dividend proposals are commonly described as "revenue neutral." However, the actual effect on government revenue is more complicated due to numerous additional policy impacts. First, under EICDA, the dividend payments are taxable income. We estimate that by taxing dividends, the federal government will collect an additional 10-12 percent of the carbon tax revenue each year. This is a progressive tax because the proportion of the tax payments from higher -income individuals is higher than the proportion of the population that is higher -income individuals. However, roughly half of the dividend tax payments come from individuals or households in the 10 or 12 percent marginal tax bracket (see appendix for details on these calculations). Second, like any excise tax, the payments of a carbon tax leave individuals and businesses with less income and thus lower tax payments derived from that income. This is referred to 221 CENTER ON GLOBAL ENERGY POLICY I COLUMBIA SIPA • RHODIUM GROUP AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT by the Joint Committee on Taxation and the Congressional Budget Office as the "Income and Payroll Tax Offset,"1'-` and it implies lower government revenues. Recent analysis of separate carbon tax proposals in 2018 indicate that this offset could reduce government revenue by about 23 percent of the annual carbon tax revenue.15 Finally, there will be other effects that we have not quantified. Consumers will spend the carbon dividend, creating additional taxable income; to some extent, payments of the carbon tax will come in lieu of payments for other goods and services, which means less taxable income; perhaps most importantly, the carbon tax will lead to shifts in economic activity (and thus tax revenue) across the economy. Figure 11 summarizes the effects on federal government revenue. Based on the impacts we can reasonably estimate, EICDA would be expected to cause a small decrease in federal government revenue in the early years of the policy. However, the effects we have not quantified could be large, particularly in the long run, making the net effects on federal government revenue unknown 16 Figure 11: Changes to government revenue from EICDA First -order effects Second -order effects Third -order effects Income/ Carbon payroll dividends tax offset -100% -20% to 25% -?% Carbon tax Revenue +?% revenue from 100% dividend taxation +10% to 12% W ENERGYPOLICY.COLUMBIA.EDU • RHG.COM I OCTOBER 2019123 AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT How EICDA Compares to Other Proposals In addition to EICDA, several legislative proposals that would put a price on carbon across the US energy system have been put forward in or about the last year. • The MARKET CHOICE Act proposed by Congressman Brian Fitzpatrick (R-PA) in September 2019 ("Fitzpatrick Bill") • The American Opportunity Carbon Fee Act proposed by Senator Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) in April 2019 ("Whitehouse Bill") • The Stemming Warming and Augmenting Pay Act proposed by Congressman Francis Rooney (R-FL) in July 2019 ("Rooney Bill") • The Climate Action Rebate Act proposed by Senator Chris Coons (D-DE) in July 2019 ("Coons Bill") • The Raise Wages, Cut Carbon Act proposed by Congressman Dan Lipinksi (D-IL) in July 2019 ("Lipinski Bill") • The America Wins Act proposed by Congressman John Larson (D-CT) in August 2019 ("Larson Bill") In addition, in March 2019, Senator Chris Van Hollen (D-MD) and Congressman Don Beyer (D- VA) introduced legislation that would auction a limited number of carbon dioxide emissions permits and distribute the proceeds as an equal dividend ("Van Hollen Bill"). EICDA and each of these proposals are more similar than different. Each of the policies puts a price on carbon across the energy system, with only minor differences in the emissions sources covered. Each includes a border carbon adjustment intended to protect the competitiveness of US firms, prevent emissions leakage, and encourage other countries to implement their own carbon prices. Each includes measures to protect low-income households from energy price increases they cannot afford. Figure 12 shows the tax rates in each of the carbon tax proposals. EICDA carbon tax rates start lower than the other bills but increase at a rapid annual pace, making it a higher tax rate by the mid-2020s than every other bill except the Coons proposal. Not reflected in figure 12 are mechanisms in many of the proposals (EICDA, Coons, Fitzpatrick, and Rooney) to accelerate the tax rate increase if emissions targets are missed. 241 CENTER ON GLOBAL ENERGY POLICY I COLUMBIA SIPA • RHODIUM GROUP AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT Figure 12: Comparing carbon tax rates across proposals, 2020-2030 C 0 L 0 0 N O N $180 $160 $140 $120 $100 $80 $60 $40 $20 $0 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Coons bill EICDA Larson bill Whitehouse bill Fitzpatrick bill Lipinski bill Rooney bill All else equal, higher carbon tax rates drive deeper emissions reductions. However, in the near term, because large emissions reductions are available at a relatively low cost, there is generally diminishing additional emissions reductions for higher carbon tax rates (i.e., doubling the rates is unlikely to produce double the emissions reductions). The other major difference among these carbon pricing proposals is the use of the revenue, displayed in figure 13. EICDA uses the revenue for equal carbon dividends. Other proposals use most revenues for infrastructure or to fund reductions in payroll taxes, and some use a small portion to invest in workers and communities dependent on the fossil fuel industry. All of the proposals set aside at least a portion of revenues for the protection of vulnerable households and communities. W ENERGYPOLICY.COLUMBIA.EDU • RHG.COM I OCTOBER 2019125 AN ASSESSMENT Of THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT Figure 13: Use of carbon tax revenues Administrative Transition Social Security Social Security Costs Assistance Payments Payments 100% 90% 80% General Fund Veterans Benefits 70% Infrastructure 0% a 5Trans tion tence AiF Seidl SecUrtty' O% Carbor, Dividends Payroll Tax 40% 30% General Fund Infrastructure Payroll Tax 20% 10% Infrastructure 0% Administrative Costs EICDA Coons bill Fitzpatrick bill Larson bill' Lipinski bill Rooney bill Whitehouse bill* Finally, much has been made of the potential to swap a carbon tax for the elimination of regulations on the theory that such a trade would be appealing to the industry and certain regulations will become fully or partially redundant upon implementation of a price on carbon.17 However, as shown in table 1, the differences across proposals in this regard are relatively minor thus far. The Coons, Larson, Van Hollen, and Whitehouse proposals do not change any existing regulations or authorities. Along with the Lipinski and Rooney proposals, EICDA suspends EPA authority to regulate CO2 emissions from stationary sources; such regulations may be redundant to a policy such as EICDA18 The Fitzpatrick proposal suspends the same EPA regulations and repeals the federal fuel excise taxes. Table 1: Policy modifications Suspends EPA regulations of • Suspends EPA None stationary -source CO2 emissions regulations of covered by the carbon tax stationary -source CO2 emissions sources covered by the carbon tax; Repeals fuel excise taxes 261 CENTER ON GLOBAL ENERGY POLICY I COLUMBIA SIPA • RHODIUM GROUP AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT IMPACTS NOT DIRECTLY MODELED Our analysis focuses on the impacts of EICDA on emissions, energy markets, and revenues. The broader literature on carbon tax impacts provides certain robust findings that are likely to apply to EICDA as well. The following sections describe the literature's findings on a few key issues beyond the scope of our analysis. Macroeconomic Impacts A large-scale shift from high -carbon to low -carbon energy sources will have a wide-ranging effect on the US economy. A price on carbon is a uniquely cost-effective policy tool because it incentivizes emissions reductions wherever and however they can be achieved at the lowest cost. That is why economists almost universally support putting a price on carbon's For years, economists have been studying the potential economic impacts of carbon pricing policies. Model projections suggest small and typically negative impacts of a carbon tax on near -term macroeconomic outcomes like gross domestic product (GDP) compared to a current policy scenario. These studies are highly imperfect —they nearly always exclude the economic benefits of avoided regulations and reduced emissions, as well as any changes in technological progress stimulated by the tax. Economic studies of carbon prices may be most useful in highlighting the trade-offs among policy design choices. Among carbon pricing policies, how the carbon tax revenue is used is the major differentiating factor in macroeconomic outcomes. Economic studies show that macroeconomic outcomes are best when carbon tax revenues are used in ways that correct preexisting inefficiencies in the US economy. For example, using revenue to reduce payroll taxes or income taxes would not only return the revenues to taxpayers but also provide financial incentives for increased work. In contrast, using revenues for carbon dividends, as contemplated by EICDA, returns the carbon tax payments to eligible recipients without correcting existing distortions in the economy, so economic studies typically show slightly worse macroeconomic outcomes for carbon tax policies that use revenues for carbon dividends. According to recent empirical estimates, differing revenue uses could lead to differences in GDP in the range of 0 to 0.5 percent after 10 years of policy implementation.20 Impacts on Low- and Middle -Income Households The impacts on individual households of a price on carbon vary based on the characteristics of the household. Of particular concern are the consequences of rising energy prices for low- and middle -income households. One study estimated that in 2015, nearly one-third of US households had trouble either paying energy bills or maintaining adequate heating or cooling service.21 Many low-income households (particularly retirees) receive support from Social Security and other government assistance programs in which payments are tied to price levels (i.e., they increase with inflation); when the carbon tax increases energy prices, support from 40 ENERGYPOLICY.COLUMBIA.EDU - RHG.COM I OCTOBER 2019127 AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT these government programs will also increase. But this only partially shields households from higher prices. Carbon tax revenue can be used in ways that offset these adverse impacts. EICDA's use of revenues for equal carbon dividends creates a highly progressive policy: on average, low- and middle -income households receive more in rebates than they pay out in increased prices of carbon -emitting services and products, while richer households pay more in carbon taxes than they receive in carbon dividends.22 In addition, EICDA proposes an "advanced carbon dividend" paid to individuals before the first collection of the tax, which should avoid concerns associated with the limited liquidity of low-income households (i.e., the potential difficulties of paying the higher energy prices before receiving the carbon dividends). Carbon tax proposals that do not use revenues for carbon dividends typically compensate low-income households in other ways, for example, by earmarking a portion of the carbon tax revenue for monetary transfers to low-income households. Finally, as lower -income and minority households suffer disproportionally from the impacts of criteria air pollutants, such as SO2, mercury, particulate matter, and ozone, they are likely to benefit disproportionately from pollution mitigation. While this paper does not explicitly model cobenefits, studies have shown that reducing air pollutants can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality.23 Coal power is a key source of these pollutants. Under EICDA, our modeling finds that in the power sector, sulfur dioxide and mercury emissions would be reduced by over 95 percent and emissions of nitrogen oxides would be reduced by about 75 percent in 2030 compared to current policy. Regional Impacts Nationwide results mask significant subnational variation in the impacts of a carbon tax. A region's carbon intensity, the availability of cheap low -carbon substitutes, and the characteristics of household energy expenditures across different geographic locations will all influence the impacts of the carbon tax. Shifting behavior and economic incentives will impact industries differently. The most acute impact of this shift will be felt within communities focused on mining and burning coal for power production, because our analysis of EICDA shows that the use of coal in the US power sector is virtually eliminated by 2030. The coal industry is relatively small in the United States: roughly 161,000 workers were employed in the coal mining, coal transport, and coal-fired electric -generation sectors in 2018.24 But coal production is highly geographically concentrated. Towns and counties across Appalachia and the Western United States are dependent on the coal industry for jobs and tax revenues. In the absence of a large-scale effort to support these regions, any serious climate -mitigation policy would have significant adverse consequences on the coal industry and thus on coal -dependent regions.25 Carbon tax revenues can be used in ways to compensate adversely affected regions of the country. Proposals commonly include grants to states to assist vulnerable households and regions. Additionally, billions of dollars in annual investments to revitalize coal communities 01 could be funded with a very small portion of carbon pricing revenue. Using all revenue for carbon dividends will sacrifice such opportunities, although such programs could potentially be funded with accompanying legislation. 281 CENTER ON GLOBAL ENERGY POLICY I COLUMBIA SIPA • RHODIUM GROUP AN ASSESSMENT Of THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT APPENDIX A: METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING THE CARBON DIVIDEND AND ITS TAXATION This appendix provides a step-by-step description of the methodology used to estimate the annual carbon dividends and the government revenue from taxing the carbon dividends as income. The starting point is the estimates from the RHG-NEMS model of the annual payments of the carbon tax under EICDA. The EICDA proposal generates roughly $72-$7S billion in gross revenue in 2020. Because of the increasing tax rate, annual carbon tax revenue increases $422 billion in 2030 in the central -energy cost scenario. EICDA sets aside a small portion of the carbon tax revenues for administrative expense; we assume 1 percent of the total annual revenues is used for administrative expenses. The remainder of the revenue is allocated for equal carbon dividends, with eligible adults (19 years and older) receiving a full share and eligible children receiving a half share. We use data from the RHG-NEMS model and the US Census to estimate the total US population by age. 2"'27 Individuals are eligible for the carbon dividend if they have a Social Security or taxpayer identification number. As a proxy for the portion of the total population that is ineligible for the carbon dividend, we use data on the unauthorized immigrant population in the United States from the Pew Research Center.28 We estimate a 2018 population of eligible adults of 241 million and eligible children of 77 million. We assume the population grows between 0.7 and 0.8 percent per year using data from RHG-NEMS. The annual carbon dividends for adults and children are then calculated using the annual estimates of the total revenue (after administrative expenses) and eligible adults and children. The Tax Policy Center29'0 provides the data of distribution of tax units by marginal tax bracket, presence of children, and marital status as of December 2018. Using these data and our estimates of the total population of adults and children, we estimated the number of adults and children within each marginal tax bracket. Finally, we estimate the total carbon dividend payments to individuals within each marginal tax bracket and then apply the marginal tax rate to estimate the government revenue from the taxation of dividends. Total government revenues from the taxation of dividends divided by the total carbon tax payments (i.e., gross revenues from the carbon tax) is roughly 10-12 percent in each year. Figure Al displays the distribution of eligible adults and the taxation of carbon dividends by marginal tax bracket. These distributions show that like the income tax in the United States, the taxation of the carbon dividends is progressive, with higher -income households paying more than proportionately. However, the majority of income comes from households in the 12 and 22 percent tax brackets. ENERGYPOLICY.COLUMBIA.EDU • RHG.COM I OCTOBER 2019129 AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT 44 LAW Figure Al: Distribution of eligible adults and carbon dividend taxation revenue 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Non -fifers 0% 10% 12% 22% 24% Marginal income tax bracket Above 24 % ■ % of adults ■ % of revenue from taxation of carbon dividends 301 CENTER ON GLOBAL ENERGY POLICY I COLUMBIA SIPA • RHODIUM GROUP AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT NOTES 1. For more information on RHG-NEMS, see https://rhg.com/im_p_actLus-climate-service . 2. John Larsen, Kate Larsen, Whitney Herndon, Peter Marsters, Hannah Pitt, and Shashank Mohan, Taking Stock, June 28, 2018, http_s-.//rhg.gom research/taking-stock-20 . 3. Larsen et al., "Technical Appendix," Taking Stock. 4. For a complete description of all input assumptions and model details, see htt s: _ rh�c_com/researrch/taking-stock-2018 and https./ hg.com research/energy-and- environmental -implications -of -a -carbon -tax -in -the -united -states/. S. Larsen et al., Taking Stock. This assumption is done to simplify the analysis. If LULUCF (Land Use, Land -Use Change, and Forestry) trends follow the pessimistic pathway, then net GHG results will be higher than reported here. 6. Two-thirds of US electric load is served by competitive wholesale electric power markets where generators directly compete on costs. See Federal Energy Regulatory Commision, Electric Power Markets: National Overview, April 10, 2019, https www.ferc.gov market- oversghPmkt-el_e_ctric%verview.asp. The remaining electric load is served by integrated utilities and other entities, such as cooperatives and municipal utilities. While this subset of the electric sector does not directly compete on costs, these organizations are still incentivized to provide least -cost service to consumers. A carbon tax will drive operations and investment decisions to shift away from carbon -intensive generation in a similar way to what's expected in competitive markets. 7. We assume consumers respond to carbon taxes like they respond to other comparable energy price changes, If consumers are more responsive to the more permanent and visible price changes caused by a carbon tax, energy consumption and energy bills will be lower than we project. 8. For a comprehensive discussion of sectoral emissions implications of carbon taxes, see John Larsen, Shashank Mohan, Peter Marsters, and Whitney Herndon, Energy and Environmental Implications of a Carbon Tax in the United States, July 17, 2018, https:/frhg.com research_ enerp.y-and-environmental-implications-of-a-carbon-tax-in-the-united-states/. 9. Indeed, there are reasons to believe that most energy system models, including RHG- NEMS, may underestimate the potential emissions impacts of a carbon tax because, for example, models cannot anticipate the cost and performance of future low -carbon technologies that in many cases have yet to reach commercial scale. They also do not capture the accelerated innovation in low -carbon technologies caused by the carbon tax. See Noah Kaufman, Michael Obeiter, and Eleanor Krause, "Putting a Price on Carbon: Reducing Emissions," World Resources Institute Issue Brief, January 2016, (Washington: World Resources Institute). ENERGYPOLICY.COLUMBIA.EDU • RHG.COM I OCTOBER 2019131 AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT 10. The broad range of coal production under current policy reflects uncertainty around future natural gas prices and the cost of renewable energy technologies. Both factors can materially change the share of coal generation in the electric power sector by 2030. 11. 2030 nuclear capacity under current policies is projected to be between 58 and 84 GWs, depending on energy costs. Under EICDA, 88 GWs of nuclear capacity is projected to be in operation in 2030 regardless of energy costs. 12. According to our estimates, 1 percent of gross carbon tax revenue would provide an average of $2.7 billion per year for administrative expenses over the first decade. To help put this in context, $2.7 billion is about one-third of the sum of 2017 administrative expenses for Social Security payments ($3.8 billion for the Old Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund) and IRS enforcement costs ($4.7 billion). For details, see the Social Security Administration website at https11www.ssa.gov oact/S TSLadmin.html and the IRS website at https://www.irs.goyLstatisficsZirs-budget-and-workforce. 13. Joint Committee on Taxation, The Income and Payroll Tax Offset to Changes in Excise Tax Revenues (JCX-59-77), Dec. 23, 2011, https://www.jct.gov/p_ublicati_ons. html?func=startdown&id=4378. 14. G. Thomas Woodward, "The Role of the 25 Percent Revenue Offset in Estimating the Budgetary Effects of Legislation," Congressional Budget Office Economic and Budget Issue Brief, Jan. 13, 2009, htt s: Lwww.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/ci? iles/ftpdocs/96xx/ doc9618 01-13 25percentoffset.p_df. 15. Note that the assumption traditionally used by the Congressional Budget Office for the income and payroll tax offset is 25 percent, which does not take into account the potential for increased revenue for taxable dividends. See Joseph Rosenberg, Eric Toder, and Chenxi Lu, Distributional Implications of a Carbon Tax, July 17, 2018, htt s: Len_ergypolicy.columbia. edu research/report distributional -implications -carbon -tax. 16. John W. Diamond and George R. Zodrow, The Effects of Carbon Tax Policies on the US Economy and the Welfare of Households, July 18, 2018, https � nerrg olicy.columbia.edu/ sites default files ictures/CGEP Effects of CarbonTaxPolicies US Economy Welfar of Households.pdf. 17. Justin Gundlach, Ron Minsk, and Noah Kaufman, Interactions between a Federal Carbon Tax and Other Climate Policies, March 6, 2019, httpsf�eryy_policy.cgl_umbia.edu/research/ resort interactions-between-federal-carbon-tax-and-other-climater)olicies. 18. Ibid. 19. IGM Forum, Carbon Taxes II, Dec. 4, 2012, htt : www.igrn hica�o.org/surveys/carbon-taxes-ii. 20. Diamond and Zodrow, The Effects of Carbon Tax Policies. 21. Lauren Ross, Ariel Drehobl, and Brian Stickles, "The High Cost of Energy in Rural America: Household Energy Burdens and Opportunities for Energy Efficiency," ACEEE, July, 2018, htt s:J ceee.org/sites/default/files/publications/researchreo_orts u1806.pdf. 321 CENTER ON GLOBAL ENERGY POLICY I COLUMBIA SIPA • RHODIUM GROUP AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT 22. Diamond and Zodrow, The Effects of Carbon Tax Policies. 23. Mercedes Bravo, Keita Ebisu, Francesca Dominici, Yun Wang, Roger Peng, and Michelle Bell, "Airborne Fine Particles and Risk of Hospital Admissions for Understudied Populations: Effects by Urbanicity and Short -Term Cumulative Exposures in 708 US Counties," Environmental Health Perspectives 125 (April 2017), 594-601, htt s: ehp.niehs. nih.gov doi full/10.1289/EHP257. 24. National Association of State Energy Officials and the Energy Futures Initiative, 2019 US Energy and Employment Report, March, 2019, https: www.usenergyjobs.org. 25. Adele C. Morris, Noah Kaufman, and Siddhi Doshi, The Risk of Fiscal Collapse in Coal - Reliant Communities, July 15, 2019, https://energypolicy.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/ file-uploads/RiskofFiscal Col lapseinCoal ReliantCommunities-CGEP Report 080619.pdf. 26. For total population, see "United States Quickfacts," US Census, July 1, 2018, https://www. census.gov/guickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045218. 27. For population by age, see Estimates of US Population by Age and Sex: April 1, 2010, to July 1, 2017, US Census, April 19, 2018, https://www.census.gov/newsroom ress- releases 2018/pop-characteristics.html. 28. Jeffrey S. Passel and D'Vera Cohn, Unauthorized Immigrant Population: National and State Trends, 2010, Feb. 1, 2011, http://www.pewhispanic.or-q/2011/02/01/unauthorized- immi ira"ppulation-brnational-and-state-trends-2010/. 29. Urban -Brookings Tax Policy Center, Number of Tax Units by Tax Bracket and Presence of Children, 2078, Dec. 10, 2018, https://www.taxpolicyicenter.org/model-estimates/baseline- distribution-tax-units-tax-bracket-and-presence-children-december-2018-0. 30. Urban -Brookings Tax Policy Center, Number of Tax Units by Tax Bracket and Filing Status, 2078, Aug. 23, 2018, https://www.taxpoIicyicenter.or-q/mode I-estimates/baseline- distribution-tax-units-tax-bracket-august-2018/tl8-0075-number-tax-units. • ENERGYPOLICY.COLUMBIA.EDU - RHG.COM I OCTOBER 2019133 E • 0 COLUMBIA I S I PA RHODIUM Center on Global Energy Policy GROUP ►► ; , &,4& J!a son Statements of Support for the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act H.R. 763) Over three thousand economists have signed a letter stating that carbon dividends are the most effective way to reduce carbon emissions. Other organizations have made supportive statements about H.R. 763: Environmental Defense Fund Every day we see new examples of the serious damage that climate change is doing across the country, and new evidence that we have to move quickly to protect Americans families and communities. Fortunately, we're seeing renewed momentum to find climate change solutions - on Capitol Hill and around the country. Today's bill is another inspiring step in the right direction, and we are grateful for the leadership of Representatives Deutch, Rooney, Crist, Eshoo, Peters, Chu and Lipinski. Trout Unlimited Just as we learned in the 1990s that we had to move from the stream to the watershed scale to recover trout and salmon, we must reduce carbon emissions to slow climate change. For this reason, Trout Unlimited is supporting passage of common sense legislation such as the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act. The time for band -aids is past. Nothing less than the future of trout and salmon; the future of fishing —the future for our children is at stake. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops This bipartisan bill is a hopeful sign that more and more, climate change is beginning to be seen as a crucial moral issue; one that concerns all people. If enacted, this proposal is expected to result in significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. At a time when the dangerous effects of climate change are becoming increasingly apparent, the need for legislative solutions like this is more urgent than ever. Fundamentally, this bill is about ensuring that the full spectrum of costs associated with greenhouse gas emissions —economic, social, and environmental —are accounted for. Failing to consider the health and well-being of people, including future generations and the planet, means that `businesses profit by calculating and paying only a fraction of the costs involved' (Laudato Si', no.195). This proposed legislation is one possible remedy to addressing these imbalances. Center for Climate and Energy Solutions - C2ES This ambitious, bipartisan proposal underscores the growing momentum in Washington for climate solutions. The recent National Climate Assessment and IPCC Special Report make clearer than ever that we need action now. This kind of comprehensive market -based approach is key to decarbonizing the U.S. economy. It can protect our communities and infrastructure from growing climate risks while contributing to strong, sustainable economic growth. Above are excerpts from full statements. Full and additional statements can be found. Energyinnovationact.org sL Citizens' Climate Lobby No Text E*onMobil In General Motors PEPSICO NATIUNAI. NSB9 S KI A RF.AS ASS OCIA1"ION Mwwl Smdl Hu.vm- A--m- wit U �dbd UA&vw Bloomberg C: 0P P E Rsrxm "� 0 `FF Business M O U N T A I N DEER VALLEY RESORT LI)c 7�ill�i5 i lot•ning 'civ CI)c 11)w--11)111tjt011 JJL)-qt THE CAP TIMES Madison, Wisconsin ------ - HOUSTON� CHRONI L Mercury Press I N T E R N A T I O N A L L Citizens' Climate Lobby (e Citizens' Climate Education • 90 local government resolutions(population) • California (39,144,818) • Philadelphia, PA (1.5M) • Pima County, AZ (980,263) • Austin, TX (947,890) • San Francisco, CA (837,000) • Essex County, NJ (789,565) • San Mateo County, CA (765,135) • Portland, OR (609,456) • Tucson, AZ (503,706) • Sonoma County, CA (483,878) • Oakland, CA (413,775) • Pittsburgh, PA (305,841) Uevrge .multz Former Secretary of State, Labor, and Treasury Secretary; Presidents Nixon & Reagan James "Jim" Baker III Former Secretary of State and Chief of Staff; President George H.W. Bush Dr. Robert Reich Former Secretary of Labor; President Clinton Dr. James Hansen Earth Institute Columbia University and former head of NASA's Goddard Institute Dr. Katharine Hayhoe Climate Scientist and Director of the Climate Science Center at Texas Tech University Bob Inglis Congressman (R-SC-04) Eton Musk Entrepreneur, CEO Dr. Greg Mankiw Advisor to President George W. Bush, Harvard Professor Art Laffer Economic Policy Advisory Board, President Ronald Reagan Douglas Holtz -Eakin, Chief Economic Policy Advisor, Senator John McCain MA �. Citizens' Climate Lobby Citizens' Climate Education to"N u Miami I 111 (11 � Oi i'i i ASAN I I IVI ' u w z Hallandale Beach PROGRESS. INNOVATION. OPPOR I., `, I row-4 OF %3, FLORIDA fly The Palm Beach Post REAL NEWS STARTS HERE LAKE WORTH WATERKEEPER`a BEFORE THE CITY COMMISSION CITY OF STUART, FLORIDA RESOLUTION NUMBER 51-2019 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF STUART, FLORIDA, SUPPORTING UNITED STATES HOUSE RESOLUTION 763, WHICH WILL IMPOSE A FEE ON THE CARBON CONTENTS OF FUEL, INCLUDING CRUDE OIL, NATURAL GAS, COAL, OR ANY OTHER PRODUCT DERIVED FROM THOSE FUELS THAT WILL BE USED SO AS TO EMIT GREENHOUSE GASES INTO THE ATMOSPHERE; AND PROVIDING FOR AN EFFECTIVE DATE. WHEREAS, U.S. House Resolution 763, an Act cited as the "Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019," will create a Carbon Dividend 'Trust Fund for the American people in order to encourage market -driven innovation of clean energy technologies and market efficiencies which will reduce harmful pollution and leave a healthier, more stable, and more prosperous nation for future generations; and WHEREAS, H.R. 763 is a bipartisan measure that will reduce U.S. carbon emissions by at least 40 percent in the first 12 years and 90 percent by 2050; and WHEREAS, this bill would introduce a gradually rising carbon fee that would reflect the externalities of pollution costs, thereby creating a market -driven demand for cleaner energy technologies; and Resolution No. 51-2019 Supporting H.R. 763 Relating to the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019 WHEREAS, the net revenues from the carbon fee introduced by this bill would yield a dividend for the American people in the form of a rebate; and WHEREAS, a U.S. Department of the Treasury study concluded that 53 percent of households would receive a net financial benefit from the bill; and WHEREAS, this bill would also generate more than 2 million jobs over a 10 year period in local communities across the country; and WHEREAS, a 2018 joint Yale University and George Mason University study found that seven in ten Americans think global warming is happening, and nearly half of Americans say they have personally experienced the effects of global warming: and WHEREAS, global climate change poses a significant threat to the health and wellbeing of all Floridians, including those in the City of Stuart; and WHEREAS, the City Commission of the City of Stuart believes that this measure is both necessary and expedient in reducing greenhouse gas emissions nationwide, while providing a net financial benefit to most Americans. NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF STUART, FLORIDA, THAT: SECTION 1: The foregoing precatory language is adopted as if set forth below. SECTION 2: The City Commission of the City of Stuart, Florida authorizes this resolution in support of U.S. House Resolution 763 cited as the "Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019," and urges its federal delegation to support the bill. SECTION 3: This Resolution shall become et%etive upon its adoption and a copy shall be sent to the Members of Congress who comprise the local federal delegation. Resolution No. 51-2019 Supporting H.R. 763 Relating to the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019 Commissioner GLASS LEIGHTON offered the foregoing resolution and moved its adoption. The motion was seconded by Commissioner MEIER and upon being put to a roll call vote, the vote was as follows: REBECCA S. BRUNER, MAYOR EULA R. CLARKE, VICE MAYOR KELLI GLASS LEIGHTON, COMMISSIONER MERRITT MATHESON, COMMISSIONER MIKE MEIER, COMMISSIONER ADOPTED this 2& day of May. 2019. ATTEST: f MAR R. DEL CITY CLERK APPROVED AS TO FORM AND CORRECTNESS: JBECCA S. BRUNER MAYOR �l 1 RESOLUTION NO. 2020-280 2 A RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF BROWARD COUNTY, FLORIDA, 3 URGING THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS TO ENACT HOUSE RESOLUTION 763, THE ENERGY INNOVATION 4 AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT OF 2019; PROVIDING FOR DISTRIBUTION OF THE RESOLUTION; AND PROVIDING 5 FOR AN EFFECTIVE DATE. 6 (Sponsored by Mayor Dale V.C. Holness, Commissioner Beam Furr, Senator Nan H. Rich and Commissioner Lamar P. Fisher) 7 8 WHEREAS, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 9 ("IPCC"), the United Nations scientific body dedicated to the study of global climate 10 change, the Earth has warmed approximately 1.0 degree Celsius ("°C") above 11 preindustrial levels; 12 WHEREAS, at this level of warming, the Earth is already experiencing the effects 13 of climate change, including greater frequency of extreme heat waves, extreme 14 precipitation events, increased coastal flooding, more intense tropical storms, greater 15 frequency and severity of coral bleaching events, higher average land and ocean 16 temperatures, and increased ocean acidity; 17 WHEREAS, Broward County is particularly vulnerable to the effects of global 18 climate change, especially sea level rise and associated impacts, given its low elevation, 19 porous geology, and exposure to tropical storms; 20 WHEREAS, the IPCC released a Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C 21 ("IPCC Report") in October 2018, outlining the importance of limiting the total global 22 temperature increase to 1.5°C in order to reduce the severity of climate impacts, including 23 extreme hot days, higher risk of drought in certain regions, higher amounts of heavy 24 precipitation from tropical cyclones, sea level rise, extinction threats to many plant and 1 animal species, ecosystem change, loss of coral reefs, ocean heating, higher risk of lower 2 economic growth, and other significant climatic, environmental, social, and economic 3 disruptions; 4 WHEREAS, according to the IPCC Report, limiting warming to no more than 1.5°C 5 will at least preserve a semblance of the ecosystems we have, while warming above 20C 6 is likely to have devastating consequences for the natural world and human societies; 7 WHEREAS, in order to limit warming to 1.5°C or to only briefly overshoot this goal, 8 the climate model scenarios discussed in the IPCC Report require artificially -created net 9 carbon dioxide ("CO2") emissions to decline by about 10 forty-five percent (45%) from 2010 levels by 2030, and to reach net zero around 2050; 11 WHEREAS, the United States ("U.S.") is a major carbon pollution emitter, currently 12 responsible for over 10 percent (10%) of global carbon emissions, despite having only 13 four percent (4%) of the world's population, and it is cumulatively responsible for 14 approximately twenty-five percent (25%) of all carbon emissions since 1800; 15 WHEREAS, the United States has a responsibility to reduce its carbon emissions 16 in line with the reductions suggested in the IPCC Report; 17 WHEREAS, these dramatic reductions in CO2 emissions need to occur on an 18 economywide scale; 19 WHEREAS, the Broward County Climate Change Action Plan (2015) aims for a 20 countywide reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of eighty percent (80%) below 2005 21 levels by the year 2050, similar to the required emissions reductions outlined in the IPCC 22 Report; 23 WHEREAS, scenario forecasting conducted as a part of Broward County's 24 2011-2014 Communitywide Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory suggested that o • 1 Broward County might be able to achieve half of the eighty percent (80%) countywide 2 target through local policies and programs, with state and national policies needed to 3 achieve the other half; 4 WHEREAS, while Broward County can pursue local action, the U.S. Congress has 5 the responsibility and ability to enact legislation to reduce carbon emissions on a national, 61 economywide scale; 7 WHEREAS, the environmental, health, and social costs of carbon emissions are 8 not included in prices paid for fossil fuels but, rather, these externalized costs are borne 9 directly and indirectly by all Americans and inhabitants of the planet; 10 WHEREAS, some economists encourage placing a price on negative externalities ;-� 11 such as carbon pollution, because such pricing signals are technology -neutral and cost- 12 efficient, thus leading to maximizing reductions of the unwanted externalities at the lowest 13 1 economic cost; 14 WHEREAS, federal legislators from both parties have recognized the need for 15 dramatic, national, economywide action to reduce carbon emissions and respond to 16 climate impacts by introducing resolutions such as the "Green New Deal" resolution 17 introduced by Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-NY, and Senator Ed Markey, D-MA, and 18 the "Green Real Deal" resolution proposed by Rep. Matt Gaetz, R-FL; 19 WHEREAS, members of the U.S. House of Representatives have introduced 20 House Resolution 763 ("H.R. 763"), the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 21 2019, to apply a national carbon fee on fossil fuels based on the amount of carbon dioxide 22 each fuel emits when burned and to allocate the proceeds to all households in the United 23 States in equal shares in the form of a monthly dividend; ---1 24 3 1 WHEREAS, H.R. 763 would establish a national, revenue -neutral carbon fee of 2 fifteen dollars ($15.00) per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, to be increased 3 by at least ten dollars ($10.00) per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions each year; 4 WHEREAS, H.R. 763 seeks to protect low and middle income persons from the 5 economic impact of rising prices due to the carbon fee by providing equal monthly 6 per -person dividend payments to all American households (with half -payments per child 7 under 19 years old) from the fees collected, less minor administration costs, with the total 8 value of all monthly dividend payments representing one hundred percent (100%) of the 9 net carbon fees collected per month; 10 WHEREAS, after twelve (12) years, H.R. 763 is projected to decrease U.S. carbon 11 dioxide emissions by forty percent (40%) and increase national employment by 2.1 million 12 jobs; 13 WHEREAS, border adjustments, carbon content -based tariffs on products 14 imported from countries without comparable carbon pricing, and refunds to American 15 exporters of carbon fees paid in the U.S. can maintain the competitiveness of U.S. 16 businesses in global markets; 17 WHEREAS, a national carbon fee can be implemented quickly and efficiently 18 because the federal government already possesses mechanisms needed to implement 19 and enforce the fee, such as the existing procedures for collecting fees from fossil fuel 20 producers and importers, and to distribute revenues, such as via the Internal Revenue 21 Service; and 22 WHEREAS, a national revenue -neutral carbon fee would make the United States 23 a leader in reducing carbon emissions, position the nation to rapidly develop a clean 24 9 1 energy economy, and set an example for other countries to enact similar carbon fees, 2 NOW, THEREFORE, 3 BE IT RESOLVED, BY THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF 4 BROWARD COUNTY, FLORIDA: 5 Section 1. Broward County urges the United States Congress to enact House 6 Resolution 763, the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019, or similar 7 legislation. 8 Section 2. Copies of this Resolution shall be distributed to all members of the 9 United States House of Representatives and United States Senate from the state of 10 Florida. 11 Section 3. Effective Date. 12 This Resolution is effective upon adoption. 13 14 ADOPTED this 19th day of May, 2020. (Item 20) 15 Approved as to form and legal sufficiency: 16 Andrew J. Meyers, County Attorney 17 By /s/ Michael C. Owens 04/27/2020 18 Michael C. Owens (date) Senior Assistant County Attorney 19 20 By /s/ Maite Azcoitia 04/27/2020 Maite Azcoitia (date) 21 Deputy County Attorney 22 MCO/gmb 23 Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act Resolution.docx 04/27/2020 24 #44000 5 0 0 :1 • RESOLUTION NO.2019-0486 A RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF PALM BEACH COUNTY, FLORIDA, URGING THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS TO TAKE PROMPT ACTION TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE AND MITIGATE ITS IMPACTS BY ENACTING THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT OF 2019 OR SIMILAR LEGISLATION WHEREAS, Southeast Florida is one of the most vulnerable areas in the country to climate change impacts, especially sea level rise; and WHEREAS, United Nations climate scientists have said that the world has only until the year 2030 to make massive and unprecedented changes to global energy infrastructure to limit climate change consequences to moderate levels; and n WHEREAS, the world's climate scientists believe that to achieve climate stabilization and avoid cataclysmic climate change, greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon dioxide emissions, must be reduced; and WHEREAS, the Board of County Commissioners of Palm Beach County ("the Board") supports climate change mitigation policies and practices, as evident by the County's commitment to and participation in the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact ("the Climate Compact"); and WHEREAS, the Board adopted the Climate Compact's 2019 Federal Legislative Principles and Priorities, which included supporting a national price on carbon emissions, especially revenue -neutral and public -dividend proposals, to ensure that the full environmental, health, and social costs of greenhouse gas emissions are included in fossil fuel prices; and r"N WHEREAS, the U.S. Congress is already exploring efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as through the work of the Bipartisan Climate Solutions Caucus; and WHEREAS, a national revenue -neutral carbon fee would demonstrate U.S. leadership in mitigating climate change and developing clean energy technologies, motivate other countries to dioxide the fuel will emit when burned and allocate the collected proceeds to all U.S. households in equal shares via a monthly dividend; and WHEREAS, the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019, H.R. 763, protects low- and middle -income citizens from the economic impact of rising prices resulting from the carbon fee by allocating an equal monthly per -person dividend payment to all American households from the fossil fuel fees collected. The total value of all monthly dividend payments shall represent 100% of the net carbon fees collected per month; and WHEREAS, the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019, H.R. 763, encourages market -driven innovation in clean energy technologies and market efficiencies that will reduce harmful pollution and leave a healthier, more stable, and more prosperous nation for future generations. U NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF PALM BEACH COUNTY, FLORIDA, that: Section 1: The foregoing recitals are hereby adopted and ratified. Section 2: The Board requests that the U.S. Congress take prompt actions to address climate change and mitigate its effects by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels by implementing effective policies and programs to meet that end. Section 3: The Board urges the U.S. Congress to enact the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019, H.R. 763 or similar legislation. The foregoing Resolution was offered by Commissioner We into th , who moved its adoption. The motion was seconded by Commissioner Kerner , and upon being put to a vote, the vote was as follows: Commissioner Mack Bernard, Mayor Ave Commissioner Dave Kerner, Vice Mayor Aye The Mayor thereupon declared the Resolution duly passed and adopted this 16th day of April . 2019. APPROVED AS TO FORM AND ITS LEGAL SUFFICIENCY By: County Attorney PALM BEACH COUNTY, FLORIDA, BY BOARD OF COUNTY COMNUER SHARON R. BOCK, CLERV- Cp , By:al RTt C er,, No Text RESOLUTION NO.20R-2861 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF SARASOTA, FLORIDA SUPPORTING MEASURES TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE BY PRICING CARBON EMISSIONS; URGING THE FEDERAL DELEGATION TO ENACT LEGISLATION TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE; AND PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE WHEREAS, the City Commission of Sarasota adopted Resolution No. 17R-2648 on June 19, 2017, committing to a community -wide target of powering the City with 100% renewable, zero emission energy sources not later than 2045, and municipal operations by not later than 2030; and WHEREAS, the City published its Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Plan in late 2016; and WHEREAS, supportive national and state policies which either incentivize or mandate the transition away from fossil fuels will be required for the City of Sarasota to efficiently and effectively achieve its committed transition to 100% renewable, zero emission energy sources by 2045; and WIIF,REAS, an Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change issued a special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre -industrial levels in October 2018 warning that global warming is likely to reach 1.5°C between 2030 and 2052 if it continues to increase at the current rate; and WHEREAS, the United Nations climate science body said that we have only 12 years left to make massive and unprecedented changes to global energy infrastructure to limit global warming to moderate levels; and WHEREAS, the United States government released its Fourth Annual Climate Assessment in November 2018 reporting that the impacts of climate change are already being felt in communities across the country, and that more frequent and intense extreme weather and climate - related events, as well as changes in average climate conditions, are expected to continue to damage infrastructure, ecosystems, and social systems that provide essential benefits to communities such as Sarasota; and WHEREAS, sea level rise associated with global warming slows the draining of inland waters thereby prolonging algal blooms; and WHEREAS, sea level rise associated with global warming increases the impacts of storm surge and coastal erosion; and WHEREAS, conservative estimates by the world's climate scientists state that to achieve climate stabilization and avoid cataclysmic climate change, emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) must be brought to 80-95% below 1990 levels by 2050; and WHEREAS, presently the environmental, health, and social costs of carbon emissions are not included in prices paid for fossil fuels, but rather these externalized costs are borne directly and indirectly by all citizens; and WHEREAS, to begin to correct this market failure, Congress should enact bipartisan legislation to assess a national carbon fee on fossil fuels based on the amount of CO2 the fuel will emit when burned; and WHEREAS, in order to protect low- and middle -income citizens from the economic impact of rising prices due to a carbon fee, equal monthly per -person dividend payments should be made to all American households each month from the fossil fuel fees collected; and WHEREAS, a national carbon fee can be implemented quickly and cfhciently, and WHEREAS, the bipartisan Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019 (H.R. 763) establishes a fair and effective carbon fee and dividend program, which after 12 years will lead to a decrease in America's CO2 emissions of 40 percent and an increase in national employment of 2.1 million jobs, NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF SARASOTA, FLORIDA: Sectionl: The Sarasota City Commission requests that the Federal Delegation prioritize enactment of the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019 (H.R. 763), or substantially similar policy that fairly, effectively, and quickly addresses the threats of climate change. Section 2: The Sarasota City Commission instructs the City Clerk to transmit a copy of this Resolution to the Federal Delegation. Section 3: This Resolution shall take effect immediately upon adoption. r"N' ADOPTED by the City Commission of the City of Sarasota upon reading by title only, after posting on the bulletin board at City Hall for at least three (3) days prior to adoption, as authorized by Article IV, Section 2, Charter of the City of Sarasota this 21 st day of October, 2019. ATTEST: Shayla Grit gs Interim City Auditor and Clerk _Y_ Mayor Alpert _Y Vice Mayor Ahearn -Koch N Commissioner Brody N Commissioner Freeland Eddie Y Commissioner Shaw Myt�r Li' Alpert 0 RESOLUTION NO. 2019-082 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF COCONUT CREEK, FLORIDA, URGING THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS TO ENACT H.R. 763, THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT OF 2019; DIRECTING THE CITY CLERK TO TRANSMIT A COPY OF THIS RESOLUTION TO U.S. PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP, U.S. VICE PRESIDENT MICHAEL PENCE, U.S. SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE NANCY PELOSI, THE FLORIDA DELEGATION, THE BROWARD DELEGATION, THE FLORIDA LEAGUE OF CITIES, AND THE BROWARD LEAGUE OF CITIES; PROVIDING FOR SEVERABILITY; AND PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE. WHEREAS, an Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change issued a special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre -industrial levels in October 2018, warning that global warming is likely to reach 1.5°C between 2030 and 2052 if it continues to increase at the current rate; and ---, ° WHEREAS, the United Nations climate science body stated in a monumental climate report that we have only 12 years left to make massive and unprecedented changes to global energy infrastructure to limit global warming to moderate levels; and WHEREAS, the United States government released its Fourth Annual Climate Assessment in November 2018, reporting that the impacts of climate change are already being felt in communities across the country, and that more frequent and intense extreme weather and climate -related everts, as well as changes in average climate conditions, are expected to continue to damage infrastructure, ecosystems, and social systems that provide essential benefits to communities; and WHEREAS, conservative estimates by the world's climate scientists state that to achieve climate stabilization and avoid cataclysmic climate change, emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) must be brought to 80-95% below 1990 levels by 2050; and 1 WHEREAS, presently, the environmental, health, and social costs of carbon emissions are not included in prices paid for fossil fuels, but rather these externalized costs are borne directly and indirectly by all Americans and global citizens; and WHEREAS, to begin to correct this market failure, Congress can enact the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019 to assess a national carbon fee on fossil fuels based on the amount of carbon dioxide the fuel will emit when burned and allocate the collected proceeds to all households in the United States in equal shares in the form of a monthly dividend; and WHEREAS, for efficient administration, the fossil fuels fee can be applied once, as far upstream in the economy as practical, or at the port of entry into the United States; and WHEREAS, as stated in H.R. 763, the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019, a national, revenue -neutral carbon fee starting at a relatively low rate of $15 per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions and resulting in equal charges per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions potential in each type of fuel or greenhouse gas should be assessed to begin to lower what are now dangerously high carbon dioxide emissions. The yearly increase in carbon fees, including other greenhouse gases, shall be at least $10 per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent each year, with the Department of Energy determining whether an increase larger than $10 per ton per year is needed to achieve program goals; and WHEREAS, H.R. 763, the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019, specifies that, in order to protect low and middle income citizens from the economic impact of rising prices due to the carbon fee, equal monthly per -person dividend payments shall be made to all American households ('/2 payment per child under 19 years old) each month from the fossil fuel fees collected. The total value of all monthly dividend payments shall represent 100% of the net carbon fees collected per month; and WHEREAS, H.R. 763, the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019, encourages market -driven innovation of clean energy technologies and market efficiencies, which will reduce harmful pollution and leave a healthier, more stable, and more prosperous nation for future generations; and WHEREAS, H.R. 763, the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019, will, after 12 years, lead to a decrease in America's carbon dioxide emissions of 40 percent and an increase in national employment of 2.1 million jobs; and WHEREAS, border adjustments - carbon content -based tariffs on products imported from countries without comparable carbon pricing, and refunds to our exporters of carbon fees paid - can maintain the competitiveness of U.S. businesses in global markets; and WHEREAS, a national carbon fee can be implemented quickly and efficiently, and will respond to the urgency of the climate crisis because the federal government already has in place mechanisms, such as the Internal Revenue Service, needed to implement and enforce the fee, and already collects fees from fossil fuel producers and importers; and WHEREAS, a national revenue -neutral carbon fee would make the United States a leader in mitigating climate change and in clean energy technologies of the 21 st century and would provide incentive to other countries to enact similar carbon fees, reducing global carbon dioxide emissions without the need for complex international agreements. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF COCONUT CREEK, FLORIDA: Section 1: That the foregoing "WHEREAS" clauses are hereby ratified and confirmed as being true and correct and are hereby made a specific part of this resolution. All exhibits attached hereto are incorporated herein and made a specific part of this resolution. 3 Section 2: That the City Commission expresses its support for H.R. 763, the Energy and Innovation Carbon Dividend Act of 2019, and urges the federal government to enact this Act. Section 3: That the City Commission hereby directs the City Clerk to provide a copy of this resolution to U.S. President Donald Trump, U.S. Vice President Michael Pence, U.S. Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, the Florida Delegation, the Broward Delegation, the Florida League of Cities, and the Broward League of Cities. Section 4: That if any clause, section, other part or application of this resolution is held by any court of competent jurisdiction to be unconstitutional or invalid, in part or in application, it shall not affect the validity of the remaining portion or applications of this resolution. Section 5: That this resolution shall be in full force and effect immediately upon its adoption. Adopted this 28t" day of March , 2019. Sandra L. Welch, Mayor ) Attest: ' Leslie Wallace May, City Clerk " Welch A_.ye _ Sarbone Ave r Tooley Aye Belvedere A_ye__ Rydell Aye El City of Miami Legislation Resolution Enactment Number: R-19-0376 File Number: 6009 City Hall 3500 Pan American Drive Miami, FL 33133 www.miamigov.com Final Action Date:10/10/2019 A RESOLUTION OF THE MIAMI CITY COMMISSION, URGING THE 116TH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO SUPPORT HOUSE RESOLUTION 763, TITLED "THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT OF 2019"; DIRECTING THE CITY CLERK TO TRANSMIT A COPY OF THIS RESOLUTION TO THE OFFICIALS NAMED HEREIN. WHEREAS, in October 2018, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change issued a report titled "Global Warming of 1.5 °C" ("Report") which studied the impacts of global warming of 1.5 'C above pre -industrial levels; and WHEREAS, the Report warned that global warming is likely to reach 1.5 °C between 2030 and 2052, if it continues to increase at the current rate; and WHEREAS, the Federal Government released its Fourth Annual Climate Assessment ("Assessment") in November 2018, reporting that the impacts of climate change are already being felt in communities across the country and that more frequent, intense and extreme weather and climate -related events and changes in average climate conditions are expected to continue to damage infrastructure, ecosystems, and social systems that provide essential benefits to communities; and WHEREAS, according to the Assessment, greenhouse gas emissions from human activities will continue to affect the Earth's climate for decades and even centuries, due to adding carbon dioxide ("CO2") to the atmosphere at a rate far greater than it is removed by natural processes, creating a long-lived reservoir of the gas in the atmosphere and oceans that is driving the climate to a warmer and warmer state; and WHEREAS, to begin to assess this issue, the United States ("U.S.") Congress is considering enacting House Resolution 763, titled "Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act" ("H.R. 763"), to assess a national carbon fee on fossil fuels based on the amount of CO2 the fuel will emit when burned and allocate the collected proceeds to all U.S. households in equal shares in the form of a monthly dividend; and WHEREAS, as stated in H.R. 763, a national revenue -neutral carbon fee starting at a relatively low rate of $15 per ton of CO2 equivalent emissions and resulting in equal charges, per ton of CO2 equivalent emissions potential in each type of fuel or greenhouse gas should be assessed to begin to lower what are now dangerously high CO2 emissions; and WHEREAS, H.R. 763 proposes yearly increases in carbon fees, including other greenhouse gases in the amount of at least $10 per ton of CO2 equivalent each year, with the U.S. Department of Energy determining whether an increase larger than $10 per ton per year is needed to achieve program goals; and WHEREAS, H.R. 763 encourages market -driven innovation of clean energy technologies and market efficiencies which will reduce harmful pollution and leave a healthier, more stable, and more prosperous nation for future generations; and WHEREAS, H.R. 763 will, after 12 years, lead to a decrease in the U.S.' CO2 emissions of forty percent (40%) and an increase in national employment of 2.1 million jobs; and WHEREAS, the Sea Level Rise Committee adopted a resolution recommending that the City of Miami support H.R. 763; NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF MIAMI, FLORIDA: Section 1. The recitals and findings contained in the Preamble to this Resolution are adopted by reference and incorporated as if fully set forth in this Section. Section 2. The City Commission hereby urges the U.S. Congress to support H.R. 763. Section 3. The City Clerk is directed to transmit a certified copy of this Resolution to members of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives representing Florida. Section 4. This Resolution shall become effective immediately upon its adoption and signature of the Mayor.' APPROVED AS TO FORM AND CORRECTNESS: ,-Af ;1,2, ria ndez, ity ttor iey 10/1 /2019 1 If the Mayor does not sign this Resolution, it shall become effective at the end of ten (10) calendar days from the date it was passed and adopted. If the Mayor vetoes this Resolution, it shall become effective immediately upon override of the veto by the City Commission. ?' ys AGENDA ITEM SUMMARY FORM File ID: #6009 Date: 09/25/2019 Requesting Department: Sea Level Rise Committee Commission Meeting Date: 10/10/2019 Sponsored By: Francis Suarez, Ken Russell Joe Carollo District Impacted: All Type: Resolution Subject: Recommend Support - Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act Purpose of Item: A Resolution of the Miami City Commission supporting the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act (H.R. 763) being considered in the United States Congress. Background of Item: The City of Miami's Sea Level Rise Committee passed a resolution during their April 1, 2019 regular meeting in support of the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act (H.R. 763) being considered in the United States Congress. Oft As stated in the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019 (H.R. 763), a national revenue -neutral carbon fee starting at a relatively low rate of $15 per ton of CO2 equivalent emissions and resulting in equal charges per ton of CO2 equivalent emissions potential in each type of fuel or greenhouse gas should be assessed to begin to lower what are now dangerously high CO2 emissions. The yearly increase in carbon fees including other greenhouse gases, shall be at least $10 per ton of CO2 equivalent each year, with the Department of Energy determining whether an increase larger than $10 per ton per year is needed to achieve program goals. Budget Impact Analysis Item has NO budget impact Item is NOT Related to Revenue Item is NOT funded by Bonds Total Fiscal Impact: N/A Reviewed B Climate Resilience Committee Office of Management and Budget Wayne M. Pathman Rene Lazaro Hernandez Department Head Review Budget Analyst Review Completed 09/25/2019 1:21 PM Office of Management and Budget City Manager's Office Christopher M Rose Budget Review Completed Completed 09/25/2019 4:27 PM 09/26/2019 4:38 PM City Manager's Office Nzeribe Ihekwaba Nikolas Pascual Assistant City Manager Review City Manager Review Completed 09/26/2019 7:33 PM Legislative Division Office of the City Attorney Valentin J Alvarez Daniel Goldberg Legislative Division Review ACA Completed Completed 09/26/2019 8:18 PM 09/30/2019 7:42 AM Office of the City Attorney Barnaby L. Min Review Deputy Attorney Review Completed Completed 10/01/2019 10:32 AM 10/01/2019 Office of the City Attorney Victoria Mendez Approved Form and Correctness Completed 11:16 AM 10/01/2019 2:01 PM City Commission Maricarmen Lopez Meeting Completed 10/10/2019 9:00 AM Office of the Mayor Mayor's Office Signed by the Mayor Pending City Commission City Commission Signed and Attested by the City Clerk Pending Office of the City Clerk City Clerk's Office Rendered Pending RESOLUTION NO. 024-19-15296 A Resolution of the Mayor and City Commission of the City of South Miami, Florida, urging our U.S. Senators and Representatives to pass the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act (H.R. 763) to levy an annually increasing revenue -neutral fee on the carbon in fossil fuels at the point of production or importation and return a dividend to all Americans. WHEREAS, climate scientists worldwide agree that Earth is warming rapidly to a degree that is perilous to human civilization, numerous species, and to the global ecosystem; and WHEREAS, the primary cause of the rapid warming is human activity, especially through the combustion of fossil fuels that create greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide (CO2); and WHEREAS, the United States Global Change Research Program, anticipates that inaction on reducing global emissions of CO2 will lead to increased heat, drought, insect outbreaks, flooding and wildfires coupled with declining water supplies, reduced agricultural yields, and harm to public health and welfare throughout the United States; and WHEREAS, the likely consequences of unmitigated climate change on South Florida will pose serious threats to the region's economy, ecology, and livability through sea level rise, the loss of our freshwater supply, compromised sanitation systems, stronger storms, rising insurance rates, etc.; and WHEREAS, local sea level rise in South Florida, including the City of South Miami, has greatly exceeded global sea level rise. Since 2010, Miami has seen an extra 5" of sea level rise; and WHEREAS, every additional release of greenhouse gas increases the severity of climate change; and WHEREAS, the City Commission of the City of South Miami has a record of acknowledging the reality of climate change, the projected effects on the community, and the City's ability and responsibility to reduce its contribution to the causes of climate change, as evidenced by the City's 2009 commitment to 100% renewable energy; and WHEREAS, coastal areas of the United States are experience indirect harm based on economic factors relating to rising flood insurance costs and loss of 30-year mortgage issuance ' Dessu SB, Price RM, Troxler TG, Kominoski JS (2018) Effects of sea -level rise and freshwater management on long-term water levels and water quality in the Florida Coastal Everglades. Journal of Environmental Management, 21, 164-176. https://doi.org/I0.10I6/J*jenvman.2018.01.025 Page 1 of 3 Res No. 024-19-15296 in low-lying areas. FEMA flood insurance rates have already begun to rise for the many properties in the City of South Miami; and WHEREAS, an unseen side -effect of the underwater battle being waged between freshwater and saltwater has been the rise of the local water table and contamination of the freshwater supply for south Florida2 ; and WHEREAS, national and international policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions must be implemented rapidly to avoid catastrophic damage to the planet's ecosystems upon which we and all life depend; and WHEREAS, local action is necessary yet insufficient to avoid catastrophic climate change'; and WHEREAS, a policy known as the "carbon fee and dividend" is a superior, revenue - neutral, economically efficient, market -based mechanism to reduce greenhouse gas emissions across the economy while providing a direct economic benefit to the people of the United States; and WHEREAS, a Carbon Fee and Dividend has been proposed in bipartisan bills drafted by members of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, as a revenue -neutral policy; and WHEREAS, a Carbon Fee and Dividend rule would encourage consumers and the market to transition to clean energy sources and away from carbon -based energy and fuels. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE MAYOR AND CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF SOUTH MIAMI, FLORIDA, THAT: Section 1. The City Commission hereby recognizes that the pollution caused by burning fossil fuels is a primary cause of climate change, and that an effective and efficient measure to address this problem is the enactment of a revenue -neutral fee on carbon production at its source, with the fees being returned to Americans as a dividend. Section 2. The City Commission strongly urges the U.S House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate to pass the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act, legislation that 2 In 2015, GE1 Consultants, Inc. identified septic systems as the infrastructure in the City of South Miami at most immediate risk from the rising water table: "The Snapper Creek Study Area had 11 properties (or 73% of the 15 records available) that were estimated to have the bottom of drainfield reached by rising groundwater within the next 25 years." When groundwater reaches the level of a house's septic drainfield, wastewater from the house (including the toilets) will backflow into the bathtub instead of the septic tank and will further contaminate south Florida's freshwater supply with saltwater. ' While there are still those who deny that human activity contributes to climate change, they fail to ask themselves: What will happen if they are wrong and it is too late to reverse climate change? Page 2 of 3 Res. No. 024-19-15296 levies an annually increasing revenue -neutral fee on the carbon in fossil fuels at the point of e"IN production or importation, that would be sufficient to reduce U.S. greenhouse gas emissions to climate -safe levels by 2050, with the fees returned to Americans as a dividend. Section 3. The City Clerk is directed to forward a copy of this resolution to U.S. Senators Marco Rubio and Rick Scott, and all members of the U.S. House of Representatives and members of the U.S. Senate representing Florida districts. Section 4. If any section, clause, sentence, or phrase of this resolution is for any reason held invalid or unconstitutional by a court of competent jurisdiction, the holding shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this resolution. Section 5., This resolution shall take effect immediately upon adoption. PASSED AND ADOPTED this 26th day of Februarv, 2019. ATTEST: APPROVED: a. CITY CL RK MA OR COMMISSION VOTE: 5-0 APPROVED FORM, NGUAGE, Mayor Stoddard: Yea ' LEGALITY EXECUT REOF: Vice Mayor Harris: Yea 7 Commissioner Gil: Yea Commissioner Liebman: Yea Commissioner Welsh: Yea CITY TORNEY _�A Page 3 of 3 Agenda Item No:2. City Commission Agenda Item Report Meeting Date: February 26, 2019 Submitted by: Thomas Pepe Submitting Department: City Attorney Item Type: Resolution Agenda Section: Subject: A Resolution of the Mayor and City Commission of the City of South Miami, Florida, urging our U.S. Senators and Representatives to pass the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act (H.R. 763) to levy an annually increasing revenue -neutral fee on the carbon in fossil fuels at the point of production or importation and return a dividend to all Americans. 3/5 (Mayor Stoddard) Suggested Action: Attachments: Carbon Fee & Dividend reso v3.docx 1 RESOLUTION NO. 2019-114 2 A RESOLUTION OF THE MAYOR AND CITY COMMISSION OF THE 3 CITY OF HALLANDALE BEACH, FLORIDA URGING THE UNITED 4 STATES CONGRESS TO ENACT THE ENGERGY INNOVATION AND 5 CARBON DIVIDEND ACT OF 2019; AND PROVIDING FOR AN 6 EFFECTIVE DATE. 7 8 WHEREAS, an Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change issued a special report on 9 the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre -industrial levels in October 2018 warning that 10 global warming is likely to reach 1.5°C between 2030 and 2052 if it continues to increase at the it current rate; and 12 WHEREAS, the United Nations climate science body said in a monumental climate report 13 that we have only 12 years left to make massive and unprecedented changes to global energy 14 infrastructure to limit global warming to moderate levels, and 15 16 WHEREAS the United States government released its Fourth Annual Climate 17 Assessment in November 2018 reporting that the impacts of climate change are already being 18 felt in communities across the country, and that more frequent and intense extreme weather and 19 climate -related events, as well as changes in average climate conditions, are expected to 20 continue to damage infrastructure, ecosystems, and social systems that provide essential benefits 21 to communities, and 22 23 WHEREAS, conservative estimates by the world's climate scientists state that to achieve 24 climate stabilization and avoid cataclysmic climate change, emissions of greenhouse gases 25 (GHGs) must be brought to 80-95% below 1990 levels by 2050; and 26 27 WHEREAS, presently the environmental, health, and social costs of carbon emissions are 28 not included in prices paid for fossil fuels, but rather these externalized costs are borne directly 29 and indirectly by all Americans and global citizens, and 30 31 WHEREAS, to begin to correct this market failure, Congress can enact the Energy 32 Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act to assess a national carbon fee on fossil fuels based on the 1 FILE NO. 19-495 RESO NO. 2019-114 1 amount of CO2 the fuel will emit when burned and allocate the collected proceeds to all U.S- 2 Households in equal shares in the form of a monthly dividend; and 3 4 WHEREAS, for efficient administration, the fossil fuels fee can be applied once, as far 5 upstream in the economy as practical, or at the port of entry into the United States; and 6 7 WHEREAS, as stated in the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019, H.R. 8 763, a national, revenue -neutral carbon fee starting at a relatively low rate of $15 per ton of CO2 9 equivalent emissions and resulting in equal charges per ton of CO2 equivalent emissions potential 10 in each type of fuel or greenhouse gas should be assessed to begin to lower what are now 11 dangerously high CO2 emissions. The yearly increase in carbon fees including other greenhouse 12 gases, shall be at least $10 per ton of CO2 equivalent each year, with the Department of Energy 13 determining whether an increase larger than $10 per ton per year is needed to achieve program 14 goals, and 15 16 WHEREAS, the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019, H.R. 763, 17 specifies that, in order to protect low and middle income citizens from the economic impact of 18 rising prices due to the carbon fee, equal monthly per -person dividend payments shall be made �- 19 to all American households ('/z payment per child under 19 years old) each month from the fossil 20 fuel fees collected. The total value of all monthly dividend payments shall represent 100% of the 21 net carbon fees collected per month; and 22 23 WHEREAS, the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019, H.R. 763, 24 encourages market -driven innovation of clean energy technologies and market efficiencies which 25 will reduce harmful pollution and leave a healthier, more stable, and more prosperous nation for 26 future generations, and 27 28 WHEREAS, the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019, H.R. 763, will, 29 after 12 years, lead to a decrease in America's CO2 emissions of 40 percent and an increase in 30 national employment of 2.1 million jobs, and 31 32 WHEREAS, border adjustments - carbon content -based tariffs on products imported from 33 countries without comparable carbon pricing, and refunds to our exporters of carbon fees paid - 34 can maintain the competitiveness of U.S. businesses in global markets; and 2 FILE NO. 19-495 RESO NO. 2019-114 '.., 1 2 WHEREAS, a national carbon fee can be implemented quickly and efficiently, and will 3 respond to the urgency of the climate crisis because the federal government already has in place 4 mechanisms, such as the Internal Revenue Service, needed to implement and enforce the fee, 5 and already collects fees from fossil fuel producers and importers; and 6 7 WHEREAS, A national revenue -neutral carbon fee would make the United States a leader 8 in mitigating climate change and in the clean energy technologies of the 21 st century and would 9 provide incentive to other countries to enact similar carbon fees, reducing global CO2 emissions 10 without the need for complex international agreements, and 11 12 NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE MAYOR AND CITY COMMISSION 13 OF THE CITY OF HALLANDALE BEACH, FLORIDA: 14 SECTION 1. The above "Whereas" clauses are hereby incorporated herein. 15 SECTION 2. That the City Manager or City Clerk, no later than 30 days after passage of this 16 Resolution, shall transmit copies of this resolution to the President and Vice President of the 17 United States, to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, to the Majority Leader of the 18 Senate, to each U.S. Senator and Representative from the State of Florida in the Congress of the 19 United States, and to nearby city and county governments urging that they pass similar 20 resolutions. 21 SECTION 3. This Resolution shall become effective immediately upon its adoption. 22 23 APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 20T" day of November, 2019. 24 25 26 27 JOI(A f�PIIS zF1 > AYC) 29 30 31 r-. 32 SPONSOP,E[D BY: VICE MAYOR SABRINA JAVELLANA 33 3 FILE NO. 19-49-5 RESO WO. 2019414- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 CITY QTLCI,K APPI VED AS TO LEGAL SUFFICIENCY AND FORM V J NIFER MERINO ITYi ATTORNEY FINAL VOTE ON ADOPTION Chair Adams YFC Vice Chair Javellana YES Director Butler ABSENT _ Director Lazarow YFS Director Lima -Taub r�C, FILE NO. 19-495 4 �C ,O NO. 2019-114 RESOLUTION NO.2019 - J / Z A RESOLUTION OF THE MAYOR AND TOWN COMMISSION OF THE TOWN OF SURFSIDE, FLORIDA, URGING THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS TO PASS THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT (H.R. 763) TO LEVY AN ANNUALLY INCREASING REVENUE -NEUTRAL FEE ON THE CARBON IN FOSSIL FUELS AT THE POINT OF PRODUCTION OR IMPORTATION AND RETURN A DIVIDEND TO ALL AMERICANS; PROVIDING FOR TRANSMITTAL OF RESOLUTION; PROVIDING FOR SEVERABILITY; AND PROVIDING FOR AN EFFECTIVE DATE. WHEREAS, climate scientists worldwide agree that Earth is warming rapidly to a degree that is perilous to human civilization, numerous species and to the global ecosystem; and WHEREAS, the primary cause of the rapid warming is human activity, especially through the combustion of fossil fuels that create greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide (CO2); and WHEREAS, the United States Global Change Research Program, anticipates that inaction on reducing global emissions of CO2 will lead to increased heat, drought, insect outbreaks, flooding and wildfires, coupled with declining water supplies, reduced agricultural yields and harm to public health and welfare throughout the United States; and WHEREAS, the Town of Surfside ("Town") is cognizant of the fact that climate change is considered one of the major causes of sea level rise within the State of Florida, with coastal communities such as the Town being severely impacted; and WHEREAS, local sea level rise in South Florida, including the Town, exceeds global sea level rise; and WHEREAS, the likely consequences of unmitigated climate change on South Florida will pose serious threats to the region's economy, ecology and livability through sea level rise, the loss of our freshwater supply. compromised sanitation systems, stronger storms, rising insurance rates, etc.; and WHEREAS, every additional release of greenhouse gas increases the severity of climate change; and WHEREAS, the Town Commission has a record of acknowledging the reality of climate change, the projected effects on the community, and the Town's ability and responsibility to reduce its contribution to the causes of climate change, as evidenced by the Town's prior legislative and administrative actions and programs; and WHEREAS, coastal areas of the United States are experiencing indirect harm based on economic factors relating to rising flood insurance costs in low-lying areas; and WHEREAS, national and international policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions must be implemented rapidly to avoid catastrophic damage to the planet's ecosystems upon which all life depends; and WHEREAS, local action is necessary yet insufficient to avoid catastrophic climate change; and WHEREAS, a policy known as the "carbon fee and dividend" is a revenue neutral, economically efficient, market -based mechanism to reduce greenhouse gas emissions across the economy while providing a direct economic benefit to the people of the United States; and WHEREAS, a Carbon Fee and Dividend rule would encourage consumers and the market to transition to clean energy sources and away from carbon -based energy and fuels. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE MAYOR AND TOWN COMMISSION OF THE TOWN OF SURFSIDE, FLORIDA, THAT: Section 1. Recognition of Fossil Fuel Effect on Climate Change, Adoption of Fee on Carbon Production. The Town Commission hereby recognizes that the pollution caused by burning fossil fuels is a primary cause of climate change, and that an effective and efficient measure to address this problem is the enactment of a revenue -neutral fee on carbon production at its source, with the fees being returned to Americans as a dividend. Section 2. Urging the US Congress to Pass the Energy, Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act. The Town Commission strongly urges the United States Congress to pass the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act, legislation that levies an annually increasing revenue -neutral fee on the carbon in fossil fuels at the point of'production or importation. xvith the fees returned to Americans as a dividend. Section 3. Transmittal of Resolution. The Town Clerk is directed to forward a copy of this resolution to the members of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Ways and Means, Committees on Energy and Commerce. and Foreign Affairs, all members of the U.S. House of Representatives representing Florida districts and to U.S. Senators Marco Rubio and Rick Scott. . Section 4. Severabilit-v. if any section, clause, sentence, or phrase of this resolution is for any reason held invalid or unconstitutional by a court of competent jurisdiction, the holding shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this resolution. Section 5. adoption. Effective Date. This Resolution shall take effect immediately upon PASSED AND ADOPTED this 12°i day of iMarch 2019. Motion By: 0011711)/ Second By: FINAL VOTE ON ADOPTION Commissioner Barry Cohen I LOS Commissioner Michael Karukin Commissioner Tina Paul S Vice Mavor Daniel Gielchinsky Mayor Daniel Dietch Wh Daniel Dietch. Mayor Sandra Novoa, MMC. Town Clerk Approved as to Form and Legal Sufficiency: is Serota HelfhiatVrole & Bierman. P.L. Town Attorney to RESOLUTION NO.2019-76 A RESOLUTION OF THE VILLAGE COUNCIL OF THE VILLAGE OF KEY BISCAYNE, FLORIDA, URGING OUR U.S. SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES TO PASS THE ENERGY INNOVATION AND CARBON DIVIDEND ACT (H.R. 763) TO LEVY AN ANNUALLY INCREASING REVENUE -NEUTRAL FEE ON THE CARBON IN FOSSIL FUELS AT THE POINT OF PRODUCTION OR IMPORTATION AND RETURN A DIVIDEND TO ALL AMERICANS; PROVIDING FOR TRANSMITTAL; AND PROVIDING FOR AN EFFECTIVE DATE. WHEREAS, climate scientists worldwide agree that the earth is warming rapidly to a degree that is perilous to human civilization, numerous species, and to the global ecosystem; and WHEREAS, the primary cause of the rapid warming is human activity, especially through the combustion of fossil fuels that create greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2); and WHEREAS, the United States Global Change Research Program anticipates that inaction on reducing global emissions of CO2 will lead to increased heat, drought, insect outbreaks, flooding and wildfires coupled with declining water supplies, reduced agricultural yields, and harm to public health and welfare throughout the United States; and WHEREAS, the likely consequences of unmitigated climate change on South Florida will pose serious threats to the region's economy, ecology, and livability through sea level rise, the loss of our freshwater supply, compromised sanitation systems, stronger storms, and rising insurance rates, among other things; and WHEREAS, local sea level rise in South Florida, including the Village of Key Biscayne, has greatly exceeded global sea level rise; and W WHEREAS, since 2010, Miami has seen an extra 5" of sea level rise'; and WHEREAS, every additional release of greenhouse gas increases the severity of climate 1.1� change; and WHEREAS, the Village Council of the Village of Key Biscayne has a record of acknowledging the reality of climate change, the projected effects on the community, and the Village's ability and responsibility to reduce its contribution to the causes of climate change; and WHEREAS, coastal areas of the United States are experiencing indirect harm based on economic factors relating to rising flood insurance costs and loss of 30-year mortgage issuance in low-lying areas; and WHEREAS, FEMA flood insurance rates have already begun to rise for the many properties in the Village of Key Biscayne; and WHEREAS, an unseen side effect of the underwater battle being waged between freshwater and saltwater has been the rise of the local water table and contamination of the freshwater supply for south Florida 2; and WHEREAS, national and international policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions must be implemented rapidly to avoid catastrophic damage to the planet's ecosystems upon which we and all life depend; and ' Dessu SB, Price RM, Troxler TG, Kominoski JS (2018) Effects of sea -level rise and freshwater management on long-term water levels and water quality in the Florida Coastal Everglades. Journal of Environmental Management, 21, 164-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienvman.2018.01.025 2 In 2015, GEI Consultants, Inc. identified septic systems as the infrastructure in the City of South Miami at most immediate risk from the rising water table: "The Snapper Creek Study Area had 11 properties (or 73% of the 15 records available) that were estimated to have the bottom of drainfield reached by rising groundwater within the next 25 years." When groundwater reaches the level of a house's septic drainfield, wastewater from the house (including the toilets) will backflow into the bathtub instead of the septic tank and will further contaminate south Florida's freshwater supply with saltwater. 2 04 WHEREAS, local action is necessary yet insufficient to avoid catastrophic climate change 3;and WHEREAS, the Village Council hereby recognizes that the pollution caused by burning fossil fuels is a primary cause of climate change, and that an effective and efficient measure to address this problem is the enactment of a revenue -neutral fee on carbon production at its source, with the fees being returned to Americans as a dividend; and WHEREAS, a policy known as the "carbon fee and dividend" is a superior, revenue - neutral, economically efficient, market -based mechanism to reduce greenhouse gas emissions across the economy while providing a direct economic benefit to the people of the United States; and WHEREAS, a Carbon Fee and Dividend has been proposed in bipartisan bills drafted by members of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, as a revenue -neutral policy; and WHEREAS, a Carbon Fee and Dividend rule would encourage consumers and the market to transition to clean energy sources and away from carbon -based energy and fuels. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE VILLAGE COUNCIL OF THE VILLAGE OF KEY BISCAYNE, FLORIDA AS FOLLOWS: Section 1. Recitals. That each of the above -stated recitals are hereby adopted, confirmed, and incorporated herein. Section 2. Urging Passage of Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act (H.R. 763). The Village Council strongly urges the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate to pass the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act (H.R. 763), legislation that levies an 3 While there are still those who deny that human activity contributes to climate change, they fail to ask themselves: What will happen if they are wrong and it is too late to reverse climate change? 3 annually increasing revenue -neutral fee on the carbon in fossil fuels at the point of production or importation, that would be sufficient to reduce U.S. greenhouse gas emissions to climate -safe levels by 2050, with the fees returned to Americans as a dividend. Section 3. Transmittal. The Village Clerk is directed to transmit a copy of this resolution to U.S. Senators Marco Rubio and Rick Scott, and all members of the U.S. House of Representatives and members of the U.S. Senate representing Florida districts. Section 4. Effective Date. That this Resolution shall take effect immediately upon adoption. PASSED and ADOPTED this 10'h day of December, 2019. MICHAEL W. DAVEY, MAYOR ATTEST: ��- ;.r NIF : MEDI A, CMC VILLAGE CLERK � ` Rl APPROVED AS TO FORM AND LEGAL SUFFICIENCY WEISS SEROTA HELFMAN COLE & BIERMAN, P.L. VILLAGE ATTORNEY u 4 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 of Boca Rao I1Corporated 1925 RESOLUTION 125-2018 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF BOCA RATON URGING THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS TO TAKE PROMPT ACTIONS TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE AND MITIGATE THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE BY PROMOTING AND ENCOURAGING A REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM FOSSIL FUELS; PROVIDING FOR SEVERABILITY; PROVIDING FOR REPEALER; PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE FINAL WHEREAS, Florida is considered one of the most vulnerable areas of the country to the consequences of global climate change, with Southeast Florida being at the frontline to experience the impacts of a changing climate; and WHEREAS, heat and rising sea levels are two of the most immediate impacts of climate change, increasing the risk of adverse heat -related health issues, creating economic loss resulting from damage to property, and increasing costs of energy for cooling; and WHEREAS, limiting global temperature rise will require significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions; and 1 WHEREAS, in 2017, the City adopted the Climate Action Pledge affirming support for 2 the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact and agreeing to consider 3 implementation of the Regional Climate Action Plan; and 4 WHEREAS, Public Policy Action 1 in the Regional Climate Action Plan is to support 5 climate -conscious government action including policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; 6 and 7 WHEREAS, the expected impacts of climate change can be addressed and mitigated 8 by national and international programs that reduce greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels; 9 and 10 WHEREAS, the United States Congress is already exploring efforts to reduce 11 greenhouse gas emission, such as through the work of the Bipartisan Climate Solutions 12 Caucus; now therefore 13 14 BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF BOCA 15 RATON: 16 17 Section 1. The City of Boca Raton requests the United States Congress recognize 18 the significant effects that climate change will have on the nation, the State of Florida, and the 19 southeast Florida region. 20 Section 2. The City of Boca Raton requests the United States Congress take prompt 21 actions to address climate change and mitigate its effects by reducing greenhouse gas 22 emissions from fossil fuels by implementing effective policies and programs to meet that end. 23 Section 3. If any section, subsection, clause or provision of this resolution is held 24 invalid, the remainder shall not be affected by such invalidity. 25 Section 4. All resolutions or parts of resolutions in conflict herewith shall be and 26 hereby are repealed. 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Section 5. This resolution shall take effect immediately after adoption. PASSED AND ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Boca Raton this day of SQ .2l nir 2018. CITY OF BOCA RATON, FLORIDA 1 ATTEST: Scott Singer, May Susan S. Saxton, City Clerk COUNCIL VOTE YES NO ABSTAINED MAYOR SCOTT SINGER DEPUTY MAYOR JEREMY RODGERS COUNCIL MEMBER MONICA MAYOTTE COUNCIL MEMBER ANDREA LEVINE O'ROURKE COUNCIL MEMBER ANDY THOMSON 3 No Text 1 MAYORS' CLIMATE ACTION PLEDGE 2 A PLEDGE OF THE MUNICIPALITIES OF [INSERT NAME] 3 COUNTY ENDORSING THE MAYORS' CLIMATE ACTION PLEDGE, AFFIRMING SUPPORT FOR THE SOUTHEAST 4 FLORIDA REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE COMPACT, AGREEING TO CONSIDER IMPLEMENTING THE 5 REGIONAL CLIMATE ACTION PLAN IN WHOLE OR IN PART AS APPROPRIATE FOR EACH MUNICIPALITY, 6 AND URGING ALL MAYORS OF [INSERT NAME] COUNTY TO SUPPORT THE MAYORS' CLIMATE ACTION PLEDGE. 7 81 WHEREAS, Florida is considered one of the most vulnerable areas of the 9 country to the consequences of global climate change with Southeast Florida being at 10 the frontline to experience the impacts of a changing climate, especially sea level rise; 11 and 12 WHEREAS, in recognition of the need for immediate, coordinated and visionary 13 action to address the impacts of a changing climate and provide for economic and 14 environmental resilience in Southeast Florida, in 2010 the counties of Palm Beach, 15 Broward, Miami -Dade and Monroe (Compact Partners) entered into the Southeast 16 Florida Regional Climate Change Compact (Compact); and 17 WHEREAS, further recognizing the role of State water managers and local 18 governments in this regional initiative, the South Florida Water Management District and 19 one municipal representative from each participating county were invited to participate 20 in this early phase; and 21 WHEREAS, in accordance with the Compact commitment and through a two 22 year collaborative process involving nearly 100 subject matter experts representing 23 public and private sectors, universities, and not -for -profit organizations, the Compact 24 Partners developed the Regional Climate Action Plan (RCAP); and 1 WHEREAS, the RCAP offers recommendations that provide the common 2 integrated framework for a stronger and more resilient Southeast Florida, including: 3 Providing the common framework for Sustainable Communities and 4 Transportation Planning to be aligned across the region 5 Recognizing the need to protect and address vulnerable Water Supply, 6 Management and Infrastructure and preserve fragile Natural Systems and 7 Agricultural resources 8 • Providing steps to move towards resilience and reducing emissions 9 through exploring alternatives and decreasing the use of Energy and Fuel 10 • Building upon strength as effective emergency responders and integrating 11 climate change hazards in Risk Reduction and Emergency Management 12 Planning 13 • Providing for effective Public Outreach initiatives to educate the public on 14 the consequences of climate change and providing guidance for 15 developing and influencing Public Policies related to climate change; and 16 WHEREAS, recognizing that there are more than 100 municipalities within the 17 region that will play an important role in the implementation of the RCAP, the Compact 18 Partners included municipalities in the development of the RCAP; and 19 WHEREAS, municipalities individually have been working to achieve 20 sustainability, and the RCAP presents an opportunity to align these individual local 21 efforts with the regional framework and vision; and 22 WHEREAS, municipalities and Leagues of Cities played a key role in the annual 23 Regional Climate Leadership Summits, participated in RCAP Working Groups and now 241 is the time to solidify local government support to advance the RCAP; and oil 1 WHEREAS, the RCAP does not provide a mandate but rather serves as a living 2 document (guidance) with options that each regional and local government may align to 3 their own plans and adopt and utilize based on their interests and vision for the future; 4 and 5 WHEREAS, the willingness of counties and municipalities to jointly develop and 6 advocate for mutually beneficial agreements, policies and strategies intended to 7 influence regional, state and national resilience efforts advances "Good Neighbor" 8 relationships; and 9 WHEREAS, in 2005 the U.S. Conference of Mayors adopted the U.S. Mayors' 10 Climate Protection Agreement (Mayors' Agreement) that became a national model for 11 effective collaboration and the framework for more than 1,000 municipalities throughout 12 the nation to take actions to reduce global warming and address the impacts of a 13 changing climate (climate disruption); and 14 WHEREAS, in 2012 the need exists for Mayors within the region of Southeast 15 Florida to collaborate on a renewed agreement that will advance regional climate action 16 planning within Southeast Florida efforts while continuing to advance the national goals 17 of the U.S. Mayors' Agreement; and 18 WHEREAS, utilizing the U.S. Mayors' Agreement as a model for influencing 19 regional climate policies and effective public outreach, all municipalities throughout the 20 Southeast Florida region are invited to sign on to the 2012 South Florida Mayors' 21 Climate Action Pledge and to collaborate on implementation of the RCAP starting today 22 and for tomorrow; NOW, THEREFORE, 23 24 BE IT PLEDGED THAT: 3 1 2 Section 1. The municipality of endorses the Mayors' Climate 3 Action Pledge. 4 Section 2. The municipality of affirms support for the Southeast 5 Florida Regional Climate Change Compact. 6 Section 3. The municipality of agrees to consider integrating 7 the Regional Climate Action Plan framework in whole or in part as appropriate for each 8 municipality into existing and future municipal sustainability action plans, 9 comprehensive plans and/or climate action plans where and when appropriate and 10 financially feasible. 11 Section 4. The municipality of urges all Mayors within [INSERT 12 NAME] County to join the Mayors' Climate Action Pledge. 13 Section 5. EFFECTIVE DATE. 14 This Pledge shall become effective upon adoption. W 161 ADOPTED this day , 2013. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 C! BIB;OAARD COUNTY MM IA�M�FDr4DE • SOUTHA"T FLOOHDA LIMATE HANG[ SOUTHEAST FLORIDA REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE COMPACT COUNTIES 2019 FEDERAL LEGISLATIVE PRIORITIES APPROVED BY THE COMPACT POLICY WORKING GROUP AND STAFF STEERING COMMi i i Lc. OCTOBER 29. 2n 18 Concerning federal legislation, regulations and policies the Compact Counties and other organizations adopting this document. SUPPORT efforts to reauthorize, improve, and strengthen the National Flood Insurance Program with provisions that limit premium rate increases and protect affordability, encourage greater program participation, expand the Increased Cost of Compliance Program, emphasize and increase funding for mitigation, and develop accurate flood maps. SUPPORT action by the US Army Corps of Engineers to reassess the Central and South Florida Flood Control Project given changing climate conditions, especially sea level rise. SUPPORT reauthorization of the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000 and increased funding for coral reef health, protection, and restoration. SUPPORT increased funding for shore protection projects, including a study of the feasibility of using foreign sand in beach renourishment projects. SUPPORT the establishment of a national price on carbon, especially revenue -neutral and public - dividend proposals. OPPOSE weakening of vehicle fuel -economy standards and revocation of the waiver allowing California to set its own fuel -economy standards. OPPOSE the "Affordable Clean Energy" plan for existing power plants proposed by the Trump Administration and any federal restrictions on state -level action to regulate emissions from power plants. U t BR,ARD SOUTHEAST FLORIDA"COUNTY � ' F MIAMFQADE <oRan SOUTHEAST FLORIDA REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE COMPACT COUNTIES 2019 FEDERAL ENERGY, CLIMATE, AND RESILIENCE LEGISLATIVE PRINCIPLES APPROVED BY THE COMPACT POLICY WORKING GROUP AND STAFF STEEkINv COMMITTEE OCTOBER 29, 2018 Background Southeast Florida is one of the most vulnerable areas in the country to climate change and sea level rise. Recognizing their shared challenges, Palm Beach, Broward, Miami -Dade and Monroe Counties ("Compact Counties") adopted the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact ("Compact") in 2010. The Compact includes a commitment to develop and advocate for joint state and federal legislative policies. Accordingly, the Compact counties have adopted a Federal Legislative Program each year since 2011. The Compact Counties and other organizations adopting this document recognize that the local impacts of global climate change are among the greatest challenges facing southeast Florida in the present and future. Consequently, adapting to climate impacts, mitigating additional damage by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and building community and economic resilience are among the highest priorities for action at all levels of government. Since 2017, the Compact Counties issue their legislative program in two documents: Legislative Principles (this document) and Legislative Priorities (published separately). Concerning federal legislation, regulations and policies the Compact Counties and other organizations adopting this document. General Policies SUPPORT government -wide goals and priorities to plan for extreme weather resilience, preparedness, and risk management, and to ensure that consideration of extreme weather events is incorporated into agencies' everyday activities. SUPPORT requirements that federal agencies and projects receiving federal funding consider projected sea -level rise, coastal flooding, and potential storm surge in all infrastructure and facility -siting decisions. SUPPORT increased access to agency climate science and data by the public and local governments for use in planning. SUPPORT language in federal infrastructure bills that defines "resilience" and "vulnerability" to extreme weather events in the context of planning, design, and investment. Compact Counties 2019 Federal Energy, Climate, and Resilience Legislative Principles OPPOSE restrictions on the use of climate change information by the Department of Defense and other national security agencies or these agencies' efforts to prepare for climate impacts. OPPOSE efforts to weaken the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, National Environmental Policy Act, Endangered Species Act, or other fundamental federal environmental laws that help to restrain greenhouse gas emissions or make the nation resilient to climate impacts. Carbon Pollution Reductions OPPOSE efforts to weaken carbon emission standards for new and existing power plants; restrict the use of or lower the social cost of carbon; eliminate secondary benefits from the calculation of benefits of environmental regulations; lower or eliminate energy- and fuel -efficiency standards for vehicles, appliances, equipment, and industry; reduce or eliminate energy efficiency and renewable energy goals for the federal government, including the Department of Defense; or weaken regulation of methane emissions in oil and gas production. SUPPORT a national price on carbon emissions, especially revenue -neutral and public -dividend proposals. SUPPORT aid to state and local governments to determine sources of greenhouse gas emissions, develop reduction plans and strategies, establish targets, and accomplish reductions. OPPOSE any weakening or withdrawal of US participation in international climate agreements. Energv Efficiency and Renewable Energv SUPPORT tax deductions for energy efficiency or renewable energy projects for property owners. SUPPORT recognition of Property Assessed Clean Energy programs as local government assessment programs, but that also enhance consumer protections and transparency. SUPPORT Department of Energy programs and resources that provide tools for management of energy, such as Energy STAR Portfolio Manager. Oil and Gas Exploration and Production OPPOSE oil and gas exploration and production in federal lands in Florida, including the greater Everglades ecosystem, in federal waters on Florida's Outer Continental Shelf, off the eastern seaboard of the United States, and east of the Military Mission Line in the Gulf of Mexico, especially the expansion of lease sales for oil and gas drilling within the boundaries of Florida's territorial seas in the Department of Interior's five year National Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Leasing Program and any efforts to extract payment from states that oppose expansion in their territories for the royalty value of potential leasing areas that remain unopened. OPPOSE seismic surveying for oil and gas within the Everglades, any other federal lands, and surrounding critical areas. OPPOSE efforts to ease restrictions on hydraulic fracturing and other oil and gas extraction activities. SUPPORT allowing local governments to act during oil spill events as first responders and to be reimbursed for their actions to protect their resources and restore damaged areas, and to ensure that the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund can address Spills of National Significance where there is no financially viable or legally responsible party. Page 2 Compact Counties 2019 Federal Energy, Climate, and Resilience Legislative Principles Resilient Infrastructure and Planning SUPPORT non-structural and structural investments in flood control for storm surge and sea level rise adaptation. SUPPORT adaptation of federal, state, and local roadways for expected sea level rise. SUPPORT recognition of local government land -use designations for community resilience, such as Adaptation Action Areas, and prioritized infrastructure investment funding for these areas. Natural Disaster Risk Reduction Adaptation and Resilience SUPPORT and maximize linkages between natural disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation measures, recognizing that the two areas share a common concern of future risk and vulnerability and a common goal of resilience. SUPPORT requirements that climate adaptation measures be integrated into pre -disaster mitigation projects and post -disaster rebuilding projects funded through the Pre -Disaster Mitigation Program, Hazard Mitigation Grant Program, Flood Mitigation Program, Stafford Act, and Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery Program. SUPPORT greater federal investment in planning and projects that reduce state and local governments' future risk and vulnerability to natural disasters and climate change and require that local governments' local mitigation strategies be tied to vulnerability analyses and assessments. SUPPORT increased funding for federal mitigation and recovery programs. SUPPORT efforts to reauthorize, improve and strengthen the National Flood Insurance Program with provisions that limit premium rate increases and protect affordability, encourage greater program participation, expand the Increased Cost of Compliance Program, emphasize and increase funding for mitigation, and develop accurate flood maps. SUPPORT local government participation in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and in the Community Rating System (CRS), provision of technical and financial resources for local governments to implement community -wide flood risk reduction and floodplain protective measures that increase their resilience and improve their NRS scores to reduce premiums for NFIP policyholders. SUPPORT a strong Federal Flood Risk Management Standard informed by climate science. SUPPORT funding for weatherization and resilience programs to harden buildings against flooding and wind impacts. Resilient Water Coastal and Land Resources SUPPORT complete implementation of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, including but not limited to projects such as, the Central Everglades Planning Project, Everglades Agricultural Area reservoir, storage and treatment in the Northern Everglades projects that protect east and west coast estuaries and projects that restore natural flows to Florida Bay. SUPPORT programs through the Department of Interior, National Park Service, evaluate climate impacts and develop agency responses protecting public lands, and link climate and habitat related to data to public health. NOAA and EPA that weather -related data Page 3 Compact Counties 2019 Federal Energy, Climate, and Resilience Legislative Principles SUPPORT nature -based investments in coastal protection, including coral reefs, and specifically the reauthorization of the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000. Funding and Financinq for Climate and Resilience SUPPORT the explicit inclusion of resilience funding in budgets of federal agencies such as FEMA, EPA, NOAA, HUD, and DOT. OPPOSE funding reductions of, and SUPPORT increased funding for, critically important conservation, public health, energy efficiency, renewable energy, grid modernization, research, and environmental protection programs to reduce carbon emissions, support climate preparedness, build community resilience to extreme weather and other disruptions, and protect the nation's natural resources. OPPOSE any defunding or diminishment of the US Global Change Research Program, National Climate Assessments, NASA earth science and planetary observation programs, National Weather Service, National Hurricane Center, other atmospheric and ocean research programs, weather- and climate -monitoring satellite programs, federal research on physical and dynamic meteorology and climatology, coastal and marine management programs, energy efficiency and renewable energy programs, advanced energy research programs, and any other climate -related programs. SUPPORT funding to downscale global and national climate models to regional and local levels and to develop reliable future climate and sea level rise scenarios for regional and local use. SUPPORT the continued eligibility of funding for activities to adapt to climate change and extreme weather events under the Federal -Aid and Federal Lands Highway programs. SUPPORT funding for public transit and non -motorized travel. SUPPORT a national infrastructure bank or other new infrastructure -funding source and prioritization of resilient projects supported by local governments for such funding. SUPPORT continued funding of Clean Cities Programs and diesel pollution reduction programs. SUPPORT robust federal tax credits to property owners who make resilience, hardening, risk reduction, and energy efficiency improvements to their properties. Page 4 eo*#A Resolution No. City , State Resolution urging the United States Congress to enact the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act WHEREAS, an Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change issued a special report on the impacts of global warming of LYC above pre -industrial levels in October 2018 warning that global warming is likely to reach 1.5°C between 2030 and 2052 if it continues to increase at the current rate. WHEREAS, the United Nations climate science body said in a monumental climate report that we have only until 2030 to make massive and unprecedented changes to global energy infrastructure to limit global warming to moderate levels; and WHEREAS, the United States government released its Fourth Annual Climate Assessment in November 2018 reporting that the impacts of climate change are already being felt in communities across the country, and that more frequent and intense extreme weather and climate -related events, as well as changes in average climate conditions, are expected to continue to damage infrastructure, ecosystems, and social systems that provide essential benefits to communities; and WHEREAS, conservative estimates by the world's climate scientists state that, to achieve climate stabilization and avoid cataclysmic climate change, emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) must be brought to 80-95% below 1990 levels by 2050; and WHEREAS, presently the environmental, health, and social costs of carbon emissions are not included in prices paid for fossil fuels, but rather these externalized costs are borne directly and indirectly by all Americans and global citizens; and WHEREAS, to begin to correct this market failure, Congress can enact the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act to assess a national carbon fee on fossil fuels based on the amount of CO2 the fuel will emit when burned and allocate the collected proceeds to all U.S. Households in equal per - capita shares in the form of a monthly dividend; and WHEREAS, for efficient administration, the fossil fuels fee can be applied once, as far upstream in the economy as practical, or at the port of entry into the United States; and WHEREAS, as stated in the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act, a national, revenue -neutral carbon fee starting at a relatively low rate of $15 per ton of CO2 equivalent emissions and resulting in equal charges per ton of CO2 equivalent emissions potential in each type of fuel or greenhouse gas should be assessed to begin to lower what are now dangerously high CO2 emissions. The yearly increase in carbon fees including other greenhouse gases, shall be at least $10 per ton of CO2 equivalent each year, with the provision that the annual increase will be $15 per ton of CO2 equivalent if statutory goals are not met; and WHEREAS, the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act specifies that, in order to protect low and middle income citizens from the economic impact of rising prices due to the carbon fee, equal monthly per -person dividend payments shall be made to all American households (one-half payment per child under 19 years old) each month from the fossil fuel fees collected. The total value of all monthly dividend payments shall represent 100% of the net carbon fees collected per month; and WHEREAS, the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act encourages market -driven innovation of clean energy technologies and market efficiencies which will reduce harmful pollution and leave a healthier, more stable, and more prosperous nation for future generations; and WHEREAS, the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act will, after 12 years, lead to a decrease in America's CO2 emissions of 40 percent and preserve national employment; and WHEREAS, border adjustments - carbon content -based levies on products imported from countries without comparable carbon pricing, and refunds to our exporters of carbon fees paid - can maintain the competitiveness of U.S. businesses in global markets; and WHEREAS, a national carbon fee can be implemented quickly and efficiently, and will respond to the urgency of the climate crisis because the federal government already has in place mechanisms, such as the Internal Revenue Service, needed to implement and enforce the fee, and already collects fees from fossil fuel producers and importers; and WHEREAS, A national revenue -neutral carbon fee would make the United States a leader in mitigating climate change and in the clean energy technologies of the 21st century and would provide incentive to other countries to enact similar carbon fees, reducing global CO2 emissions without the need for complex international agreements, and - NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT: RESOLVED, that the City of , (state) urges the United States Congress to enact without delay the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act, and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the City Manager or City Clerk, no later than 30 days after passage of this Resolution, shall transmit copies of this resolution to the President and Vice President of the United States, to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, to the Majority Leader of the Senate, to each U.S. Senator and Representative from the State of in the Congress of the United States, and to nearby city and county governments urging that they pass similar resolutions. PASSED AND ADOPTED as a resolution of the City Council of the City of State of at its regularly scheduled meeting held on City Clerk rid City of Mayor No Text WE EXIST TO CREATE THE POLITICAL WILL FOR CLIMATE SOLUTIONS BY ENABLING INDIVIDUAL BREAKTHROUGHS IN THE EXERCISE OF PERSONAL AND POLITICAL POWER. Citizens' Climate Lobby is a non-profit, nonpartisan, grassroots advocacy organization focused on national policies to address climate change. Our consistently respectful, nonpartisan approach to climate education is designed to create a broad, sustainable foundation for climate action across all geographic regions and political inclinations. By building upon shared values rather than partisan divides, and empowering our supporters to work in keeping with the concerns of their local communities, we work towards the adoption of fair, effective, and sustainable climate change solutions. In order to generate the political will necessary for passage of the Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act we train and support volunteers to build relationships with elected officials, the media and their local community. 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