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HomeMy WebLinkAboutDocumentation_Environmental Advisory Committee_Tab 04_7/10/2024 Agenda Item #4. Environmental Advisory Committee (EAC) STAFF MEMO Meeting: Environmental Advisory Committee (EAC) - Jul 10 2024 Staff Contact: Jay Hubsch Department: Community Development Tree Code Discussion . - At the June 12, 2024 EAC meeting, the subject of the Village's tree code came up. EAC members and staff highlighted issues with the code as it is currently written. Community Development Director, Jay Hubsch told the EAC that a city he previously worked in (Atlantic Beach) had a well written tree code and that he would provide that code to the EAC to review. Additionally, the EAC had concern about the Village's prohibited species list. For further review and discussion by the EAC. Attached is: -Atlantic Beach's Tree Code -A list of Village Tree Related Code Sections -The Village's prohibited species list -Code references to the South Florida Water Management District in the Village Code -The South Florida Water Management District's "Waterwise" South Florida Landscape guide -Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Noxious Weeds List -Palm Beach County's Environmental Resource Management Prohibited Plants List -Florida Invasive Species Council's List of Invasive Plants Species Amending the Village's tree code will be a time intensive process for staff and the EAC. Staff recommends getting consent from the Village Council at the July 29, 2024 workshop for staff and the EAC to work on making updates to the tree code. This document and any attachments may be reproduced upon request in an alternative format by completing our Accessibility Feedback Form, sending an e-mail to the Village Clerk or calling 561- 768-0443. BUDGET • • BUDGET AMOUNT n/a AMOUNT AVAILABLE n/a EXPENDITURE AMOUNT: n/a FUNDING SOURCES: n/a IS THIS A PIGGYBACK: ❑ Yes ❑ N/A DID YOU OBTAIN 3 QUOTES? ❑ Yes ❑ N/A Page 31 of 220 Agenda Item #4. COMMENTS/EXPLANATION ON SELECTIONn/a Atlantic Beach-Chapter 23 PROTECTION OF TREES AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT VOT Code Sections Pertaining to Trees VOT Prohibited Plant Species VOT Code References to the SFWMD SFWMD waterwise all FDACS Noxious Weeds Field Guide Environmental Resources Management Prohibited Plants 2023-FiSC-Plant-List-Brochure-11-27-23 Page 32 of 220 Agenda Item #4. PART II-CODE OF ORDINANCES Chapter 23 PROTECTION OF TREES AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Chapter 23 PROTECTION OF TREES AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT' 'Editor's note(s)—Section 2(Exh.A)of Ord. No.95-21-119,adopted July 12, 2021, repealed Ch. 23 in its entirety and enacted a new ch. 23 to read as herein set out. Former ch. 23, §§ 23-1-23-4,23-8,23-11-23-14,23- 21-23-26,23-30-23-37,23-40,23-41,23-46-23-52, pertained to protection of trees and native vegetation,and derived from Ord. No.95-09-98, §2(Exh.A),adopted Jan 12, 2009; Ord. No.95-10-101, § 2(Exh.A),adopted Feb. 22,2010;Ord. No.95-15-109,§ 1,adopted May 11, 2015; Ord. No. 5-17-64, § 1, adopted July 24, 2017; Ord. No. 5-18-67, §§ 1-3,adopted Jan. 14,2019;and Ord. No. 5-19-68,§3,adopted Feb. 11, 2019. Cross ref erence(s)—Streets,sidewalks and other public places,Ch. 19. Atlantic Beach, Florida,Code of Ordinances Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:20 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 1 of 36 Page 33 of 220 Agenda Item #4. PART II-CODE OF ORDINANCES Chapter 23- PROTECTION OF TREES AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ARTICLE I. IN GENERAL ARTICLE I. IN GENERAL Sec. 23-1. Purpose and intent. (a) Purpose.The provisions of this chapter are established for the purpose of enhancing,conserving, restoring, protecting and preserving the natural environment,specifically related to trees canopy,stratified understory and native coastal dune vegetation that provide ecosystem good and services and co-benefits for shade of critical areas,stabilize soils,sequester carbon, improve air quality, reduce runoff and enhance property values. Priority shall be given to the protection and preservation of existing resources. The maritime forest encompasses all of the trees within the city and is an integral and uniquely valuable part of the city.The maritime forest creates beauty, provides a home for wildlife,functions as a critical element of the water management system,and is confirmed to enhance overall property values. (b) Intent.The provisions of this chapter are intended: (1) To establish efficient and effective procedures, regulations and guidelines for the protection of the natural environment. (2) To promote and sustain community values by providing for an aesthetically pleasing environment where a healthy maritime forest is maintained and regenerated. (3) To protect natural systems and avoid impairment of their natural functions including the provision of shade and cooling on lots and development parcels,sidewalks,streets and other public places. (4) To provide protection for environmentally sensitive areas. (5) To ensure protection of healthy trees, recognizing that regulated trees that are lost reduce the climate related resilience and overall economic value of the community, and provide for replacement and/or relocation of trees which are permitted to be removed,as set forth herein. (6) Priority shall be given to the protection and preservation of the existing trees and natural environment. (Ord. No.9S-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Sec. 23-2. Applicability. All lands within the City of Atlantic Beach shall be subject to the provisions of this chapter. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Sec. 23-3. Relationship to land development regulations and the comprehensive plan. This chapter contains specific and detailed provisions intended to implement the related policies as set forth in the comprehensive plan,as may be amended.The provisions of this chapter shall be implemented in coordination with chapter 24, Land Development Regulations,of this Code of Ordinances,and in the case of any conflict between the two(2)chapters,the provisions establishing the higher standard shall prevail. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Atlantic Beach, Florida,Code of Ordinances Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:19 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 2 of 36 Page 34 of 220 Agenda Item #4. Sec. 23-4. Amendments to this chapter. The city commission shall have the authority to amend this chapter as needed to implement its intent, or to implement objectives and policies of the comprehensive plan,or otherwise enact updates as may be appropriate. Amendment to this chapter shall be made in accordance with the established procedures for amending any portion of this Code of Ordinances. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Secs. 23-5-23-7. Reserved. ARTICLE II. LANGUAGE AND DEFINITIONS Sec. 23-8. Definitions. For purposes of this chapter,the following terms shall have the meanings as set forth within this section,and where interpretation is required,shall be interpreted so as to give these terms the meaning they have in common usage.Where applicable and appropriate to the context, definitions as set forth within chapter 24, Land Development Regulations,of this Code of Ordinances, Florida State Building Codes or within Florida Statutes,as these may be amended,shall be used in conjunction with these terms and the requirements of this chapter. Administrator shall mean the representative of the city as designated by the city manager to oversee administration of this chapter. Adversely affected person shall mean a person who is suffering or will suffer an adverse effect to an interest protected or furthered by this chapter.The alleged adverse effect may be shared in common with other members of the community but must exceed in degree the general interest in community good shared by all persons in the community. After-the-fact permit shall mean a permit issued after a violation has occurred for the primary purpose of correcting the violation (if the activity would have been permittable)or for the purpose of bringing the violator into compliance with existing regulations. Appeal shall mean a request for the rehearing or review of a decision made pursuant to any provision of this chapter. Applicant shall mean the person(s)subject to or seeking a tree or vegetation removal permit as required by the provisions of this chapter. Approval shall mean written permission in the form of a tree or vegetation removal permit from the administrator pursuant to a duly executed application submitted on a form as provided by the city,authorizing the applicant to proceed with an action as proposed within the application.Such approval may consist of limitations or conditions specific to the project. Arborist shall mean any person who is certified by the International Society of Arboriculture(ISA)as an arborist and a member in good standing of the ISA. Arborist report shall mean a report that is signed by an arborist,as defined above,and that at a minimum clearly states the arborist's name,contact information, and qualifications,and identifies the site address and each individual tree. Atlantic Beach Prohibited Species List shall consist of invasive exotic species listed by the city in section 23- 35(b).This list shall be updated on an as needed basis. Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:19 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 3 of 36 Page 35 of 220 Agenda Item #4. Atlantic Beach Recommended Species List shall consist of species that are best adapted to the local ecosystem,which may provide the most desirable characteristics to the community. Replacement credit may only be given for trees on the recommended species list in section 23-33(f)(1)f. Buildable area shall mean the area of a site, parcel or lot,excluding any area which is not eligible for the issuance of a building permit by the city,such as building setback areas,shoreline protection buffers,coastal construction setback areas,wetlands and other similar areas required pursuant to the applicable provisions of this chapter and the land development regulations. Caliper shall mean the diameter of a tree trunk measured at a point six(6) inches above the existing grade or proposed grade for trees four(4) inches in trunk diameter or smaller,and twelve(12) inches above the existing grade or proposed planted grade for trees larger than four(4) inches in trunk diameter. Caliper measurement is used in reference to nursery stock for new plantings. For trees with multiple trunks,the sum of the caliper measurements of up to the four(4) largest trunks shall be used. Canopy shall mean the horizontal extension of a tree's branches in all directions from its trunk. City shall mean the City of Atlantic Beach. Clear trunk shall mean the height of a palm tree measured from the ground to the point where the lowest green frond is attached to the trunk. Coastal dune vegetation shall mean the naturally-occurring,salt-tolerant native species of grasses,shrubs, vines and trees that stabilize the dunes by holding existing sand and that serve to repair the dunes of damage inflicted by either natural phenomena or human impact by trapping wind-blown sand. Crown shall mean all portions of a tree,excluding the trunk and roots;specifically,the branches, leaves, flowers,and fruit that grow above ground. Designated maritime species shall mean those species that are among the most valuable and desirable species in the city and shall include the following species: (1) Bald Cypress(Taxodium distichum). (2) Cedar(Juniperus siliciola) (Southern Red Cedar),J.virginiaba (Eastern Red Cedar). (3) Elm (Ulmus alata)(Winged Elm), Ulmus American floridana (Florida Elm). (4) Live Oak(Quercus virginiana). (5) Hickory(Carya Illinoensis) (Pecan),C.tomentosa (Mockernut),C glabra (Pignut Hickory). (6) Loblolly bay(Gordania lasianthus). (7) Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) (Southern Magnolia) Magnolia virginiana (Sweetbay Magnolia) (8) Maples(Acer rubrum (Red Maple),Acer Barbatum (Florida Maple) (9) Tupelo(Nyssa sylvatica) (10) Pine(Loblolly) (pinus taeda), (Long-leaf) (Pinus palustris), (Pond) (Pinus Serotina) Developed area shall mean that portion of a site upon which any building,structure, pavement,or stormwater facility is placed. Developed lot shall mean any parcel upon which any building,structure, pavement or stormwater facility exists or is proposed but which does not fall under the definition of new construction or vacant lot. Development or development activity shall mean any alteration of the natural environment which requires the approval of a development or site plan and issuance of a development permit;shall also mean the removal of any regulated trees or vegetation, including without limitation that carried on in conjunction with a forest Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:19 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 4 of 36 Page 36 of 220 Agenda Item #4. management program,and the removal of regulated trees and vegetation incidental to the development of land or to the marketing of land for development and shall also include activities defined as development with section 24- 17 of this Code of Ordinances. Diameter at breast height(DBH)shall mean the outside bark diameter of a tree measured at a height of fifty- four(54) inches above the existing ground level.Trees with gross abnormalities or buttressing at the breast height should be measured above or immediately adjacent to the irregularity.Trees that fork at or above breast height should be measured below breast height and recorded as a single trunk. For trees that fork below breast height or for trees with multiple trunks,the sum of up to the four(4) largest trunks shall be used. Diseased tree shall mean a tree with any fungal, bacterial,or viral infection that will result in the death of the tree or has progressed to the point that treatment will not prevent the death of the tree,as determined by the administrator,forester,or arborist. Dripline shall mean the imaginary vertical plumb line that extends downward from the tips of the outermost tree branches and intersects with the ground. Ecosystem goods and services shall mean those goods and services that provide for health,social,cultural, and economic needs and benefit all living organisms including plants,animals and humans. Examples of ecosystem goods include clean air and abundant fresh water. Examples of ecosystem services include purification of air and water, maintenance of biodiversity,decomposition of wastes,soil and vegetation generation and renewal, pollination of crops and natural vegetation,groundwater recharge through wetlands,seed dispersal,greenhouse gas mitigation,and aesthetically pleasing landscapes.The products and processes of ecological goods and services are complex and occur over long periods of time and the concern is that we are losing them at an unsustainable rate. Environmentally sensitive areas shall include lands,waters or areas within the City of Atlantic Beach which meet one(1)or more of the following criteria: (1) Wetlands determined to be jurisdictional, and which are regulated by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP),the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers,or the St.Johns River Water Management District(SJRWMD); (2) Estuaries or estuarine systems; (3) Outstanding Florida Waters as designated by the State of Florida and natural water bodies; (4) Areas designated pursuant to the Federal Coastal Barrier Resource Act(PL97-348),and those beach and dune areas seaward of the coastal construction control line; (5) Areas designated as conservation on the future land use map; (6) Essential habitat to listed species as determined by approved methodologies of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission,the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services,the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,and the FDEP. Equivalent value shall mean a monetary amount reflecting the cost of vegetation to be replaced. Excavation shall mean the act of digging,cutting or scooping soil or in any way changing the existing grade of the land.See"Grading" also. Excessive pruning shall mean the substantial alteration of a tree such that there is irreversible removal and/or damage of more than twenty-five(25) percent of the natural shape or form of a tree. Exotic shall mean a plant species that was introduced to Florida,either purposefully or accidentally,from a natural geographic range outside of Florida. Florida licensed landscape architect shall mean a person who holds a license to practice landscape architecture in the State of Florida. Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:19 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 5 of 36 Page 37 of 220 Agenda Item #4. Grading shall mean the placement, removal or movement of earth by use of mechanical equipment on a property.See"Excavation"also. Ground cover small means a plant material which reaches an average maximum height of not more than eighteen (18) inches at maturity. Grubbing means the effective removal of understory vegetation from a site which does not include the removal of any trees with DBH greater than three(3) inches. Hardwood shall mean an angiosperm,a flowering tree or a broad-leaved tree,as distinguished from a gymnosperm or cone-bearing tree. Hazard or hazardous shall mean a danger or risk of bodily injury or property damage. Heritage tree shall mean any designated maritime species that is thirty(30)inches DBH or greater and declared by the city commission to be of unique or intrinsic value due to its age, size,species,and/or cultural, ecological or historical significance or some other contribution to the city's or a neighborhood's character and which is in good condition,as determined by an arborist;also,any tree designated as a Florida State Champion, United States Champion,or World Champion by the American Forestry Association which has been designated to be a heritage tree by the city commission. Heritage trees may be located within parks or other public property. On private property, heritage trees must be voluntarily nominated by the property owner.The city administrator shall keep a record of all heritage trees so designated and their location. Historic corridor shall mean a tree lined roadway or portion thereof that exhibits special historic, architectural,or cultural value to the citizens of the city as declared by the city commission. Indigenous shall mean a plant species naturally occurring within a specific habitat or biogeographical region prior to significant human impacts. See"Native" also. International Society of Arboriculture(ISA)serves the tree care industry as a membership association and a credentialing organization that promotes the professional practice of arboriculture. ISA focuses on research, technology,and education to advance best tree care practices and deliver educational publications,services, events,and credentials that provide opportunities for tree care professionals to develop their knowledge,skills, and arboriculture expertise. Invasive exotic plant shall mean an exotic plant species that has escaped cultivation, naturalized,and established in a natural area allowing it to aggressively expand and reproduce on its own,and subsequently,alter native plant communities by out-competing for resources such as light, nutrients,water and space, killing native species,or otherwise adversely affecting natural ecosystems. Invasive exotic plants are those plants recognized on the Florida Noxious Weed and Invasive Plants List(F.A.C. 5B-57.007)or listed on the Atlantic Beach Prohibited Species List. Landscape materials shall mean living material, including trees,shrubs,vines, lawn grass, and ground cover; landscape water features; and nonliving durable material commonly used in landscaping, including rocks, pebbles, sand,and brick pavers, but excluding impervious surfaces(pavement). Legacy tree shall mean a tree that is a designated maritime species,as defined in this chapter, and that is ten (10) inches DBH or greater. Maritime forest shall mean the collection of trees,to include its canopy,the understory,and ground cover in and around the city, including park and street trees on public property and trees on private property. Mitigation shall mean prorated payment for trees removed,either in terms of replacement trees(newly planted), relocated trees,or preserved trees,or alternatively,deposit of a cash equivalent value in the tree conservation fund. Native shall mean a plant species occurring within the city boundaries prior to European contact according to the best available scientific and historical documentation. More specifically, it includes those species understood Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:19 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 6 of 36 Page 38 of 220 Agenda Item #4. as indigenous,occurring in natural associations in habitats that existed prior to significant human impacts and alterations of the landscape. Naturalized exotic shall mean an exotic species that sustains itself outside cultivation. New construction shall mean the construction of a new principal building on a lot. For the purposes of this chapter,this definition does not include construction proposed on vacant lots.This definition shall include construction proposed on lots that have an active permit for demolition of the principal building; lots where the principal building has been demolished but no building permit for a new principal building has been issued;and where trees are proposed to be removed or relocated in preparation for demolition or development of a principal building. Nondevelopment activity shall mean any alteration of the natural environment which does not require development plan approval or issuance of a building permit, but which would include the proposed removal or destruction of any trees or vegetation regulated by this chapter. Nuisance shall mean any tree,shrub, bush,grass or ground cover,or other woody vegetation,on public or private property which is endangering or which in any way may endanger the public health,safety,security or usefulness of any public street, public utility line or sidewalk; also,any tree,shrub, bush,grass or ground cover,or other woody vegetation with an infectious disease or insect problem. Offsite shall mean any location outside the boundaries of the project site. Onsite shall mean any location within the boundaries of the project site. Person shall mean any landowner, lessee,consultant,contractor,developer or other entity, including agents, employees, independent contractors,whether persons,firms,associations,corporations, partnerships,joint ventures, estates,trusts, business trusts,syndicates,fiduciaries,governmental bodies, agencies or officials. Pest shall mean any organism, insect, rodent,fungus,virus, bacteria, or other agent that causes any damage, abnormal growth or mortality of any tree,shrub, bush,grass or ground cover, or woody vegetation. Prune shall mean the removal of dead, dying,diseased,weak or objectionable branches in order to increase usefulness, beauty and vigor. Pruning standard shall mean the following:American National Standard Institute,Standard for Tree Care Operations—Tree,Shrub and Other Woody Plant Maintenance—Standard Practices(ANSI A300,current edition); American National Standard Institute,Safety Standards for Tree Care Operators(ANSI Z133.1,current edition); National Arborist Association Pruning Standards for Shade Trees(current edition). Regulated tree shall mean any tree as follows: (1) Private regulated tree shall mean any tree on private property,except those species listed on the Atlantic Beach Prohibited Species List, meeting the following conditions: a. A DBH of eight(8) inches or more. (2) Public regulated tree shall mean any tree on public property,except those species listed on the Atlantic Beach Prohibited Species List. Regulated vegetation shall mean vegetation located within any area designated as an "environmentally sensitive area," as defined by the City of Atlantic Beach Comprehensive Plan including, but not limited to,all wetlands,all beach and dune areas seaward of the coastal construction control line,and all areas designated as conservation on the future land use map. Shade tree shall mean any self-supporting woody plant of a species that is generally well-shaped,well- branched,and well-foliated which normally grows to a minimum average height of at least thirty-five(35)feet with a minimum average mature crown spread of at least thirty(30)feet,and which is commonly accepted by local Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:19 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 7 of 36 Page 39 of 220 Agenda Item #4. horticultural and arboricultural professionals as a species which can be expected to survive for at least fifteen (15) years in a healthy and vigorous growing condition over a wide range of environmental conditions. Shrub shall mean a self-supporting woody perennial plant differing from a perennial herb by its persistent and woody stems and from a tree by its low stature and habit of branching from the base. Site shall mean the total area within the property boundaries of a principal parcel to be developed,or contiguous parcels intended for development under a common scheme or plan. Stop work order,as used in this chapter,shall mean an order from the designated administrative official to immediately halt all vegetation and tree removal,any form of site or soil disturbance,or other activity with potential to impact trees or vegetation regulated by this chapter. Street shall mean a public or private thoroughfare,which affords the principal means of access to abutting property, including but not limited to alley,avenue,drive, lane, place, road,street,terrace,way,or other means of ingress or egress, regardless of the term used to describe it. Tidal marsh shall mean a marsh found along rivers,coasts,and estuaries which floods and drains by the tidal movement of the adjacent estuary,sea,or ocean. Tree shall mean any self-supporting woody or fibrous plant which at maturity attains a trunk DBH of at least three (3)inches or more and which normally attains an overall height of at least fifteen (15)feet, usually with one(1) main stem or trunk and many branches.Trees shall be classified as follows: (1) Large: Having an average mature height of fifty(50)feet or more. (2) Medium: Having an average mature height of at least thirty(30)feet but less than fifty(50)feet. (3) Small: Having an average mature height of at least fifteen (15)feet but less than thirty(30)feet. Tree conservation fund(tree fund)shall mean an account established by the city to provide an opportunity to make equivalent value cash payment to the city in lieu of providing the required landscape or tree stock on a site. Tree protection plan shall mean the plan required pursuant to this chapter, identifying and showing the location,type,size and health of existing trees,stating the ultimate disposition of the trees,showing the type,size and location of any trees to be planted and setting forth measures to protect trees before,during and after construction. Tree protection zone shall mean the area located around the perimeter of the dripline of a tree in which no activity such as clearing,filling,excavating,storage of materials, parking of vehicles,or any other activity that in the opinion of the administrator may damage the tree.At the discretion of the administrator,the tree protection zone may be reduced for trees located on smaller lots in order to reasonably protect the tree and facilitate construction on the development parcel. Tree removal shall mean any act that physically removes the tree or its roots from the earth or causes a tree to die including, but not limited to, changing the natural grade above or below the root system or around the trunk or improper pruning where the natural form of the tree is permanently changed and results in tree death or decline. Tree or vegetation removal permit shall mean the written authorization issued by the city to proceed with vegetation or tree removal in accordance with the provisions of this chapter,which may include mitigation requirements and other terms and conditions as needed to create consistency with this chapter.The terms permit, tree permit,vegetation removal permit or tree removal permit may be used interchangeably as appropriate to the context. Tree technical manual(TTM)shall mean a manual,developed and maintained by the city, pursuant to this chapter,which contains the standards and specifications for sound arboricultural practices,techniques and procedures to be practiced within the city. Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:19 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 8 of 36 Page 40 of 220 Agenda Item #4. Understory vegetation shall mean assemblages of natural low-level woody, herbaceous,and ground cover species not normally considered to be trees which exist in the area below the canopy of the trees, including any tree that is less than three(3) inches DBH. Vacant lot shall mean any property not previously developed with a structure of any kind or a property where all structures were removed more than twenty(20)years prior to the date of the tree/vegetation removal application. Variance. A variance shall mean relief granted from certain terms of this chapter.The relief granted shall be only to the extent as expressly allowed by this chapter and may be either an allowable exemption from certain provision(s)or a relaxation of the strict, literal interpretation of certain provision(s).Any relief granted shall be in accordance with the provisions as set forth in section 23-25 of this chapter,and such relief may be subject to conditions as set forth by the City of Atlantic Beach. Vegetation shall mean any plant material including, but not limited to,trees,shrubs,vines, herbs and grasses, including marsh grasses and any coastal dune vegetation. Vegetation inventory shall mean a scaled drawing which delineates the location and common and/or scientific name of vegetation upon a parcel of land, including trees greater than three(3) inches DBH and palms with an overall height of more than eight(8)feet. If necessary,a survey or other professionally prepared document,certified as appropriate, may be required as part of the vegetation inventory. Viable shall mean having the capacity to live and develop. Weed shall mean any undesired, uncultivated plant that grows in profusion so as to crowd out a desired plant. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Secs. 23-9, 23-10. Reserved. ARTICLE 111. TREE AND VEGETATION REGULATIONS AND PERMITS DIVISION 1. IN GENERAL Sec. 23-11. Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall be administered as set forth within this chapter.Administrative procedures,authorities and responsibilities of the city commission and the administrator are set forth herein. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION Sec. 23-12. City commission. The city commission shall have the following authorities and responsibilities: (1) To establish fees and fines related to the administrative costs of carrying out the requirements of this chapter. Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:19 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 9 of 36 Page 41 of 220 Agenda Item #4. (2) To establish a tree conservation trust fund to collect and disburse monies for the purpose of growing and maintaining the city's maritime forest. (3) To amend this chapter as may be needed to accomplish the stated purpose and intent of this chapter. (4) To hear and decide appeals where it is alleged there is an error in any order, requirement or decision made by the community development board in the implementation of this chapter. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Sec. 23-13. Administrator. The administrator shall have the following authorities and responsibilities: (1) To accomplish all administrative actions required by this chapter, including issuance of proper notices; receipt and review of applications; issuance of tree and vegetation removal permits; receipt and processing of appeals and any stop work orders. (2) To maintain all records relating to this chapter and its administration. (3) To provide written instructions to applicants related to the required process for applications as required by this chapter. (4) To receive, process and make administrative determinations on all applications for tree and vegetation removal permits as set forth in section 23-23. (5) To refer applications for tree and vegetation removal to other departments and agencies for comment, as set forth in section 23-23,as may be needed. (6) To conduct field inspections as needed to make determinations related to tree and vegetation protection or removal. (7) To review preliminary development plans,applications for certain building permits, including site and lot plans with appropriate city staff,to determine whether proposed construction,alterations, repair or enlargement of a structure is in compliance with the provisions of this chapter. (8) To recommend to the city commission projects consistent with the purpose and intent of this chapter, with a written statement outlining the costs and benefits of such projects. (9) To recommend to the city commission amendments consistent with the implementation of the purpose and intent of this chapter,with a written statement outlining the need for such changes. (Ord. No.9S-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Sec. 23-14. Tree conservation fund. (a) Establishment of tree fund.The city commission hereby recognizes and reaffirms the prior establishment of the tree conservation fund ("tree fund")for the purposes of accepting and disbursing monies paid to the city as part of tree mitigation and any other funds deposited with the city for the purpose of tree and vegetation conservation and protection.This fund shall be used solely for the planting of trees,the protection and conservation of existing trees where appropriate,or the re-establishment of vegetative resources in the city and any other ancillary costs associated with such activities, provided that such ancillary costs shall not exceed twenty(20) percent of the cost of the particular project. (b) Terms of existence.The tree fund shall be self-perpetuating from year to year unless specifically terminated by the city commission. Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:19 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 10 of 36 Page 42 of 220 Agenda Item #4. (c) Tree fund assets. All funds received shall be placed in trust for and inure to the public use and environmental benefit of the city.Said funds shall be used and distributed as designated by the city commission. (d) Tree fund administration. (1) Tree funds shall be used only for the purposes designated by the city commission in accordance with the intent of this chapter and the applicable goals,objectives and policies as set forth within the comprehensive plan. (2) All mitigation funds collected pursuant to this chapter shall be deposited into the tree fund,which shall be a separate account established and maintained apart from the general revenue fund of the city. (e) Disbursal of tree fund assets. (1) Expenditures for projects funded by the tree fund shall be made in accordance with the established purchasing procedures of the city.The environmental stewardship committee(ESC)shall review and make recommendations on the disbursal of tree fund assets to the city commission.The city commission shall have final approval on all disbursals of the tree fund assets. (2) Priority shall be given to the use of funds for projects that plant or replace trees or vegetation along public rights-of-way or on properties and lands in public use,or on lands owned by homeowners or property owners associations,or on other private property provided the trees are planted within the front yard setback areas or, in the case of corner lots only,the required side yard setback areas which adjoin a public right-of-way that will provide needed shade,aesthetic enhancement or the re- establishment of tree canopy in neighborhoods and along public roadways. For trees planted on private property,the property owner shall be responsible for maintaining the health of the tree(s). Should the administrator become aware of any tree dying or being in a state of decline within three(3) years of being planted,the property owner shall be required to replace the tree within sixty(60)days of that determination. Secondarily,funds may be used for purchase of landscape materials or equipment necessary and proper for the preservation, maintenance, relocation or restoration of trees and ecosystems on any public land in the city, or for the funding of community educational programs which promote, enhance or implement the goals and objectives established in this chapter. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Secs. 23-15-23-20. Reserved. DIVISION 3. PERMITS Sec. 23-21. Permits required by this chapter. Unless specifically exempted within following section 23-22, permits are required for removal of regulated trees and vegetation on all lands within the City of Atlantic Beach.The permit requirements are not intended to restrict or adversely affect a property owner's rights under constitutional or statutory law,or otherwise preempt applicable Florida Statutes. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:19 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 11 of 36 Page 43 of 220 Agenda Item #4. Sec. 23-22. Exemptions from the requirement for a permit. In addition to the provisions of section 23-21,the following activities shall be exempt from the requirements to apply for and receive a tree or vegetation removal permit. The person(s)claiming any exemption shall have the burden of proving entitlement to such exemption.The administrator may require consultation with or documentation from a certified arborist to verify certain conditions. (1) Emergency situation.The removal of trees destroyed or severely damaged during or immediately following an emergency(i.e., hurricane,tropical storm,tornado,flood or any other act of nature)shall be granted an exemption when the administrator determines that normal permitting requirements will hamper private or public work which will compromise public safety. (2) Safety hazard.The removal of trees that pose imminent danger to the public health,safety and general welfare shall be granted an exemption upon inspection and determination by the administrator that immediate removal without delay is required. (3) Diseased or pest-infested trees.The removal of diseased or pest-infested trees shall be granted an exemption upon inspection and determination by the administrator, a forester, or an arborist that removal is needed for the purpose of preventing the spread of disease or pests. (4) Noxious invasive trees. The removal of invasive or nuisance trees,as currently listed by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services(FDACS), Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP),the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FEPPC),the Atlantic Beach Prohibited Species List,or some other recognized authority,shall be granted an exemption upon inspection and verification by the administrator,a forester,or an arborist. (5) Utility operations. The pruning and/or removal of trees or understory vegetation by duly authorized communication,water, sewer,electrical or other utility companies or federal,state,county or city agencies,or engineers or surveyors working under a contract with such utility companies or agencies, shall be exempt, provided the removal is limited to those areas necessary for the maintenance of existing lines or facilities or for the construction of new lines or facilities in furtherance of providing utility service to its customers,and provided further that the activity is conducted so as to avoid unnecessary removal and, in the case of aerial electrical utility lines, is not greater than that specified by the National Electrical Safety Codes as necessary to achieve safe electrical clearances. Notwithstanding this exemption,any such entity shall provide adequate prior notice to the city before commencing such work. (6) Surveyors/engineers.The pruning of trees and/or removal or understory vegetation by a Florida- licensed land surveyor or engineer in order to provide physical access or view necessary to conduct a survey or site examination for the performance of professional duties related to land surveying,soil percolation and/or soil bore tests shall be exempt provided that such alteration is limited to a swath of ten (10)feet or less in width.Any pruning or removal of trees or vegetation shall be as minimal as possible at the direction of the administrator. However, any land clearing for the purpose of surveys shall not authorize the removal of any regulated trees or regulated vegetation. (7) City crews.The city shall have the right to plant, prune, maintain and remove trees, plants and shrubs within public rights-of-way,within any utility or drainage easements or within the illumination areas of street lights,and other public lands as may be necessary, and shall not be subject to mitigation assessment.The city shall not have the responsibility to maintain, prune or remove any damaged,dead or diseased trees on any private property within the city. (8) [Exemptions.]Applicable exemptions in accordance with Florida Statutes. Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:19 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 12 of 36 Page 44 of 220 Agenda Item #4. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Sec. 23-23. Permits procedures. (a) Application required.The applicant for a tree or vegetation removal permit shall submit the established fee along with the application form as created and provided by the city to the designated administrative department.The application shall contain all required narrative and graphical information necessary to determine compliance with this chapter. If the applicant is not the property owner, proper owner's authorization shall also be required. (1) Existing lots or parcels. When a tree or vegetation removal permit is required,applications for tree or vegetation removal shall be made prior to removal and prior to any site disturbance or grading on a lot or parcel. (2) New or re-platted subdivisions. Applications for tree or vegetation removal that will be part of a new subdivision plat or a re-plat shall be submitted along with the preliminary subdivision plat application so that due consideration may be given to the protection of regulated trees and regulated vegetation during the site planning and subdivision process.Trees to be protected shall be noted on the final subdivision plat,and subsequent applications for individual lots or parcels shall be consistent with the approved final subdivision plat,or application for a new tree removal permit shall be required. (3) After-the-fact permits. Any person(s)engaging in the removal of regulated tree(s)or regulated vegetation prior to obtaining a permit will be required to apply for and obtain an after-the-fact permit, and meet mitigation requirements as assessed. (b) Sufficiency review of applications. (1) Upon receipt of the application and appropriate fee,the administrator shall conduct a preliminary review within five (5) business days to determine that all required information has been submitted and is sufficient for review purposes.The applicant shall be notified of any deficient items. Upon submittal of deficient or missing information,the administrator shall again review the application. If the requested information has not been provided or is insufficient,the applicant shall be notified in writing that no further review will be performed until the requested information is provided and found to be sufficient. (2) The administrator shall upload all tree permit applications to the city's website within three(3)days of being deemed sufficient in accordance with this section. (3) The ESC tree subcommittee may review any permit application for compliance with this chapter and may provide recommendations to the administrator regarding the permit application. (4) One(1) member of the ESC tree subcommittee may accompany the administrator on the initial site inspection as an observer.The subcommittee member must make the request to attend the initial site inspection as an observer within three (3) business days of the permit being uploaded to the city's website.The subcommittee member shall not interact with the property owner or the property owner's agents during the site inspection and shall stay in the vicinity of the administrator during the inspection.The subcommittee member shall be provided twenty-four(24) hours' notice prior to the time of the site inspection. If multiple requests are made by subcommittee members to accompany the administrator on the initial site inspection,the administrator shall select the first subcommittee member who submits a request in writing. (5) The administrator may refer the application to other city department(s),the ESC tree subcommittee,or a consultant during preliminary review.The applicant shall be notified if extended review by other departments and/or professionals is required. Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:19 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 13 of 36 Page 45 of 220 Agenda Item #4. (6) An application shall be deemed abandoned thirty(30) days after the date the administrator notifies the applicant of any deficiencies contained in the application if the applicant has failed to submit all of the deficient or missing information.The administrator may, upon written request and justification by the applicant,grant not more than one(1),thirty-day extension.At the expiration of the extension,the application shall automatically become null and void. In such cases,the application review fees will not be refunded. (c) Review by other agencies. At the discretion of the administrator, relative to the environmental sensitivity of the site,appropriate written sign-offs, permits or consents from the agencies listed below which have jurisdiction may be required prior to regulated tree or regulated vegetation removal from sites contiguous to or containing environmentally sensitive areas or lands.The applicant shall obtain the written approvals, permits,or consents and submit the agencies'written verification to the city: (1) Army Corp of Engineers(ACOE); (2) Saint Johns River Water Management District(SJRWMD); (3) Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP); (4) Any other applicable governmental agencies extending jurisdictional controls over the site. (d) Compliance review and approval of applications. When the administrator's application review process and inspections have been completed,the administrator shall distribute a notice of intent to issue a tree permit to the applicant and all members of the ESC tree subcommittee, including the alternate member and upload the draft permit to the city's website.The permit shall be effective five(5) business days after the notice of intent is distributed, unless a timely appeal is filed. (e) Expiration of permits. Work pursuant to the permit shall commence within six(6) months of the date of issuance,or the permit shall expire. If the tree removal permit is in connection with a development permit, compliance with the tree removal permit shall be determined before the applicable development permit's final inspection,or issuance of certificate of completion or certificate of occupancy,as applicable. (f) Content of permits.The permit shall be issued in such form as may be prescribed by the administrator and shall set forth in detail the conditions upon which the permit is granted and specifically identify which land areas shall be cleared and/or which trees shall be permitted to be removed. One(1) permit may cover several trees or groups of trees as long as the trees or groups of trees can be clearly identified thereon; provided, however, no permit may be issued for more than one(1) lot, parcel or area of land unless such lots, parcels or areas of land shall be contiguous to one another and considered as one(1) parcel for the purpose of development. (g) Posting of permits.The permit shall be posted in a conspicuous and visible place at the front of the property by the applicant prior to any tree removal.The permit shall remain posted on the property during all applicable tree and vegetation removal activity and until final inspection by the city. It is the responsibility of the applicant to maintain the permit in a clearly visible manner at all times. (h) Amendment of permits. Requests for minor changes to approved plans shall be made as an amendment to the applicable permit.Additional information submitted with a request for permit amendment shall be adequate to fully document the nature of the proposed change and the effect it will have on all aspects regulated by this chapter.All plans, reports,calculations,and other information affected by the proposed amendment shall be updated so as to maintain an accurate record of the development activity. Review time for any changes to plans approved for a permitted site shall be the same as specified for the review of a new application.An amendment to a permit shall not automatically extend the expiration date. Substantial changes, including significant increases in the number of trees to be removed or land to be cleared, increases in impervious surface area,changes to intended land use, modification of stormwater management systems,or any other change that constitutes a major modification to a site plan or subdivision, new Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:19 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 14 of 36 Page 46 of 220 Agenda Item #4. phases of development or other additions,shall not be treated as amendments, but shall require a new permit application and fee. (i) Revocation of permits. (1) By administrator.The administrator may revoke any permit issued pursuant to this chapter,following notice in writing to the permittee and after providing the permittee opportunity to respond to the notice, in either of the following circumstances: a. The administrator finds that the permittee has continued with any development activity on a site for which a permit was issued,while the site is under a stop work order which has not been reversed,canceled or suspended pursuant to this chapter,except for specified remedial work required to bring the violation into compliance with the approved permit;or b. If the administrator finds that the approval of the permit was based on incorrect information furnished by the applicant for the permit. Based upon such finding, however,the administrator may make reasonably necessary accommodations to the conditions of a permit in lieu of revoking it. (2) Discontinuance of work. Revocation of a permit may also result in a stop work order in accordance with section 23-48. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Sec. 23-24. Inspections and site preparation. (a) Inspections. The following inspections shall be conducted in conjunction with all development activities subject to the requirement for a tree or vegetation removal permit. (1) Initial inspection.The administrator shall conduct an initial inspection of the site prior to approval of any application. (2) Protective barricade inspection. A protective barricade inspection shall ensure proper installation of measures prior to the initiation of any other development activity where required as a condition of the permit. (3) Final inspection and notice of completion. A final inspection and notice of completion shall occur when all development activities permitted for the site have been completed. No certificate of occupancy shall be issued, nor any building or premises occupied, unless and until the administrator has determined after final inspection that all work, including land clearing, regulated tree or regulated vegetation removal,tree protection and tree replacement, has been done in accordance with the approved permit and plan. (4) Maintenance inspections.The administrator shall have the authority during the required three (3)year maintenance period to conduct on-site maintenance inspections subsequent to final inspection and notice of completion, and to require correction of all deficiencies and violations in accordance with this chapter. (b) Site preparation. Prior to requesting initial and/or protective barricade inspection,the applicant shall prepare the site with proper staking and taping as necessary to allow the administrator to locate and identify the lot or parcel to be inspected;to determine the building site;to locate the proposed buildings or other proposed structures or improvements that will disturb vegetation,and to ensure clear understanding between the property owner,contractor, administrator and other inspectors that may be involved. (1) The address or legal description of the property shall be displayed in a conspicuous manner. Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:19 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 15 of 36 Page 47 of 220 Agenda Item #4. (2) The property corners shall be marked according to survey with wooden stakes. Each stake shall be flagged with surveyor's tape or with bright colored paint.Any property crossed by the coastal construction control line shall have that line marked on the ground with conspicuous wooden stakes and surveyor's tape or durable waterproof string and shall be clearly labeled "CCCL". (3) All trees to be preserved during development activities, including vital root systems,shall be barricaded according to a tree protection plan consistent with the guidelines in the Tree Protection Guide for Builders and Developers, published by the Florida Division of Forestry and/or any other reasonable requirements deemed appropriate by the administrator to implement this part. (4) All trees proposed for removal shall be identified with red or orange surveyor's tape or paint. (5) All trees proposed for protection as mitigation for removed trees shall be identified with blue or green surveyor's tape or paint. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Sec. 23-25. Appeals and variances. (a) Appeals. Appeals of final decisions by the administrator made under the authority of this chapter may be made by the applicant, any member of the ESC tree subcommittee,or an adversely affected party in accordance with the following provisions.Any appeal filed pursuant to this section shall stay all work on the premises and all proceedings in furtherance of the action appealed, unless the appropriate administrative official certifies that a stay would cause imminent peril to life or property. (1) Appeals of a final action or decision by the administrator shall be filed in writing with the administrator within five(5) business days after rendition of the decision or final order being appealed. Upon receipt of a timely filed appeal,the administrator shall place the matter on the agenda of the next ESC tree subcommittee meeting within a reasonable period of time with proper public notice,as well as due notice to interested parties.The ESC tree subcommittee shall review the application for compliance with the requirements of chapter 23 and shall, by majority vote, recommend that the administrator either approve,approve with conditions,or deny the appeal. If the appellant is a member of the ESC tree subcommittee,that member shall not participate in the decision.The administrator shall issue or deny the permit within five(5) business days after the ESC tree subcommittee meeting. (b) Variances.The community development board is authorized to grant relief from the strict application of this chapter where,due to an exceptional situation,adherence to the regulations of this chapter results in "exceptional practical difficulties or undue hardship" upon a property owner.The community development board must determine that granting the request will not cause substantial detriment to the public good and will not be inconsistent with the general intent and purpose of this chapter.The applicant has the burden of proof.Any request for a variance pursuant to this section shall stay all work on the premises and all proceedings in furtherance of the action appealed, unless the appropriate administrative official certifies that a stay would cause imminent peril to life or property. (1) A request for a variance shall be submitted on an application form as provided by the city and shall contain each of the following: a. A legal description of the property for which the variance is requested. b. A reasonable statement describing the reasons and justification for the variance. C. A survey or site plan indicating existing, removed, and/or proposed trees; existing and proposed construction,as well as other significant features existing on the lot. Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:19 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 16 of 36 Page 48 of 220 Agenda Item #4. d. The signature of the owner,or the signature of the owner's authorized agent.Written and notarized authorization by the owner for the agent to act on behalf of the property owner shall be provided with the application. (2) Upon receipt of a complete and proper application,the administrator shall within a reasonable period of time schedule the application for a public hearing before the community development board following the required public notice as set forth in section 24-51.At the public hearing,the applicant may appear in person and/or may be represented by an authorized agent. a. Applications for a variance shall be considered on a case-by-case basis and shall be approved only upon findings of fact that the application is consistent with the definition of a variance and consistent with the provisions of this section. b. Variances shall not be granted solely for the personal comfort or convenience,for relief from financial circumstances,or for relief from situations created by the property owner. (3) Grounds for approval of a variance.The community development board shall find that one(1)or more of the following factors exist to support an application for a variance: a. Existing topographic elevation changes that would result in the likelihood that preserved or planted materials would not survive. b. Existing electrical lines or utility easements that prevent or restrict the preservation or planting of landscape materials. C. Barrier island or dune ecosystem planting conditions that cannot support certain hardwood species. d. Designs and plans that,to the greatest extent feasible, avoid encroachment upon preservation areas and/or trees. In the event the community development board finds that none of the above exist,then the community development board shall deny the variance. (4) Approval of a variance.To approve an application for a variance,the community development board shall find that the request is in accordance with the preceding terms and provisions of this section and that the granting of the variance will be in harmony with the purpose and intent of this chapter. In granting a variance,the community development board may prescribe appropriate conditions in conformance with and to maintain consistency with city Code.Violation of such conditions,when made a part of the terms under which the variance is granted,shall be deemed a violation of this chapter, and shall be subject to established code enforcement procedures. (5) Approval of lesser variances.The community development board shall have the authority to approve a lesser variance than requested if a lesser variance shall be more appropriately in accord with the terms and provisions of this section and with the purpose and intent of this chapter. (6) Nearby nonconformity. Nonconforming characteristics of nearby lands,structures or buildings shall not be grounds for approval of a variance. (7) Waiting period for re-submittal. If an application for a variance is denied by the community development board, no further action on another application for substantially the same request on the same property shall be accepted for three hundred sixty-five(365)days from the date of denial. (8) Time period to implement variance. Unless otherwise stipulated by the community development board,the work to be performed pursuant to a variance shall begin within twelve(12) months from the date of approval of the variance.The planning and community development director, upon finding of good cause, may authorize a one-time extension provided that an associated building permit is active. Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:19 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 17 of 36 Page 49 of 220 Agenda Item #4. (9) Appeals of a decision by the community development board related to this chapter may be made to the city commission by any adversely affected person(s),any officer, board or department of the city affected by any decision of the community development board made under the authority of this chapter.Such appeal shall be filed in writing with the city clerk within thirty(30) days after rendition of the final order, requirement,decision or determination being appealed.The appellant shall present to the city commission a petition,duly verified,setting forth that the decision being appealed is in conflict with or in violation of this chapter, in whole or in part,and specifying the grounds of the conflict or violation.A duly noticed public hearing,which shall be de novo,will be held by the city commission at a date and time set by the city manager or his/her designee,shall be scheduled within ten (10) business days from the date the appeal is filed. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Sec. 23-26. Fees. (a) Application fees. The city commission hereby establishes the following fees related to the administrative costs of carrying out the requirements of this chapter.These fees shall be payable to the city upon submittal of an application for approval,amendment,or extension of a permit required by this chapter,or for each required re-inspection,or when a final action or decision by the administrator is appealed.Applications for tree and vegetation removal related requests shall not be considered as complete applications until such time as required fees have been paid in full. (1) Tree and vegetation removal permit application.The tree and vegetation removal permit application fee shall cover the processing and review of the application as well as one(1) initial inspection,one(1) protective barricade inspection,one(1)final inspection and one(1) maintenance inspection per year. Any additional inspections required due to inadequate site preparation or reports of violation of the provisions of this chapter will be charged a reinspection fee as provided below: a. Single-or two-family residential uses(per lot)$125.00 b. Multifamily residential uses250.00 C. Commercial or industrial uses250.00 d. Institutional and any other uses250.00 (2) Extensions50.00 (3) Appeals125.00 (4) Variances300.00 (b) Reinspection fees.50.00 (c) Research or extensive time fees(per hour)50.00 (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Secs. 23-27-23-29. Reserved. DIVISION 4. GENERAL PROVISIONS Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:19 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 18 of 36 Page 50 of 220 Agenda Item #4. Sec. 23-30. Minimum tree requirements. These minimum tree requirements shall apply to all property within the city.Credit will be given for trees on the Atlantic Beach Recommended Species List, but none will be given for trees on the Atlantic Beach Prohibited Species List.Section 24-176 of this Code of Ordinances also provides additional landscaping requirements for nonresidential uses. (1) Residential uses. For each parcel upon which a single-family,two-family or multifamily dwelling unit,or associated residential accessory unit is proposed,or where the primary activity is residential in nature: One(1) minimum four-inch caliper tree shall be planted and/or preserved for every two thousand five hundred (2,500)square feet of development parcel area or portion thereof, excluding therefrom preserve areas and water bodies.Of the minimum required trees, at least one(1)tree shall be a shade tree planted or preserved within the required front yard.A cluster of three (3) palm trees,subject to other conditions of this chapter, may be used to meet the requirements of a single shade tree within required front yards on oceanfront lots only. (2) Commercial uses. For each parcel upon which a commercial structure or associated accessory use is proposed,or where the primary activity is commercial in nature: One(1) minimum four-inch caliper tree shall be planted and/or preserved for every eight thousand (8,000)square feet of parcel area or portion thereof, excluding therefrom preserve areas and water bodies. (3) Industrial uses. For each parcel upon which an industrial structure or associated accessory use is proposed,or where the primary activity is industrial in nature: One(1) minimum four-inch caliper tree shall be planted and/or preserved for every ten thousand (10,000)square feet of parcel area or portion thereof, excluding therefrom preserve areas and water bodies. (4) Public/semi-public(governmental or institutional)uses. For each parcel upon which a government structure or associated accessory use is proposed,or where the primary activity is public/semi-public in nature: One(1) minimum four-inch caliper tree shall be planted and/or preserved for every ten thousand (10,000)square feet of parcel area or portion thereof, excluding therefrom preserve areas and water bodies. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Sec. 23-31. General prohibitions. Except as provided in sections 23-21 and 23-22,the following general prohibitions shall be applicable. (a) Excessive or improper pruning. It shall be unlawful for any person to engage in excessive or improper pruning techniques on trees required pursuant to an approved tree protection plan.Trees intended for shade purposes shall be allowed to reach their mature canopy spread. (b) Pruning or removal of city trees. It shall be unlawful for any person to trim, prune,or remove any tree which is within the city's rights-of-way or upon any other city property without the permission of the city as evidenced by the appropriate permit. Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:19 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 19 of 36 Page 51 of 220 Agenda Item #4. (c) Tree poisoning, girdling, or spiking. It shall be unlawful for any person to subject a tree to any danger from poison or reactive material,from girdling with wire,cable or similar material,or from inserting metal or chemicals into a tree. (d) Attachments. It shall be unlawful for any person to attach anything, including signs, permits, nails or spikes that may be injurious or cause damage,to a tree. Exceptions are protective wires, braces or other devices used to support a tree. (e) Unauthorized clearing of lots. It shall be unlawful for any person to clear the trees from any lot such that the minimum requirements of section 23-30 are not maintained. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Sec. 23-32. Tree protection during development and construction. It is the intent of this section that on all properties under development, regardless of whether or not a tree removal permit is required,the property owner(s)and their agent(s)shall ensure that the measures described in this section are complied with in order to protect all regulated trees that may be impacted by the development activities. (a) Restrictions during construction. (1) Placement of materials, machinery, or temporary soils. It shall be unlawful for any person(s)to cause or allow the storage of construction materials,the passing of or use of heavy equipment or machinery,or the temporary storage of soil deposits within the tree protection zone of any regulated tree or group of trees to be preserved. (2) Disposal of waste materials. It shall be unlawful for any person(s)to cause or allow the disposal of waste materials such as paint,oil,solvents,asphalt,concrete, or mortar on any private property. Further, any of these or other materials that may be harmful to the life of a regulated tree may not be allowed to sit on or enter the soil within the tree protection zone or where planting beds are to be situated. (b) Burden of tree protection on property owner.The property owner(s)and their agent(s)shall ensure that any tree shown on the vegetation inventory for which a tree removal permit has not been obtained is to be protected.The property owner shall guarantee survival of preserved, relocated,and replacement trees for no less than three(3)years from the date the city accepts the trees and landscaping as complete, unless a greater time period is required by a development order. If a preserved, relocated or replacement tree dies during that time period,the property owner shall replace the tree in accordance with a remedial action as required by this chapter. (c) Protective barriers and signage required. Protective barriers and signage shall be installed around every tree or group of trees to be preserved prior to commencement of construction, in compliance with the guidelines in the Tree Protection Guide for Builders and Developers, published by the Florida Division of Forestry and/or any other reasonable requirements deemed appropriate by the administrator to implement this part. (1) Temporary protective barriers shall be placed at least six(6)feet from the base of any tree,and shall encompass at least fifty(50) percent of the area under the dripline of any tree or trees to be preserved or retained for mitigation credit, unless otherwise approved by the administrator. (2) Temporary protective barriers shall be at least three(3)feet high,and shall consist of either a wood fence with two-by-four posts placed a maximum of eight(8)feet apart with a two-by-four minimum top rail, or a mesh fence,or other similar barrier which will limit access to the protected area, unless otherwise approved by the administrator. Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:19 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 20 of 36 Page 52 of 220 Agenda Item #4. (d) Adjacent properties.The property owner(s)and their agent(s)shall ensure protective barricading of all regulated trees located on adjacent properties,that have root or branch systems that encroach upon the subject property,and that may potentially be impacted by development activities. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Sec. 23-33. Mitigation to be assessed. (a) Mitigation required. Replacement or relocation shall be the preferred methods of mitigation. Unless mitigation in the form of payment into the tree conservation fund has been approved in accordance with section 23-37, mitigation in the form of tree replacement, relocation or preservation shall be required to offset any impacts resulting from the removal of regulated trees/vegetation as a condition of the tree or vegetation removal permit. (b) Mitigation assessment. In general, mitigation shall be assessed according to the ratios given in the following table,such that the number of inches removed (first number)are proportional to the number of inches required to be replaced, relocated or preserved (second number): TABLE 1.STANDARD MITIGATION ASSESSMENT CLASSIFICATION OF CATEGORY OF REGULATED TREE PROPERTY/PROJECTS Diameter at Diameter at Diameter at Heritage breast height breast height breast height (DBH) less than (DBH) equal to (DBH) of thirty Ratio is fourteen (14) or greater than (30) inches or expressed as inches fourteen (14) greater inches inches and less removed: Ratio is than thirty(30) Ratio is inches owed expressed as inches expressed as inches inches removed: Ratio is removed: inches owed expressed as inches owed inches removed: inches owed Vacant lot' 1:0.5 1:0.5 1:1 1:2.5 Developed lotz 1:0.5 1:1 1:2 1:3 New construction' 1:1.5 1:2 1:3 1:4 Public property 1:1.5 1:2 1:3 1:4 Environmentally sensitive areas4 1:2 1:2 1:3 1:4 Historic corridors 1:2 1:2 1:3 1:4 Where a property falls under the definition of a vacant lot and new construction,the mitigation requirements for a vacant lot shall apply. 'Vacant lot shall mean any property not previously developed with a structure of any kind or a property where all structures were removed more than twenty(20)years prior to the date of the tree removal application. z Developed lot shall mean any parcel upon which any building,structure,pavement or stormwater facility exists or is proposed but which does not fall under the definition of new construction or vacant lot. Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:20 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 21 of 36 Page 53 of 220 Agenda Item #4. 3 New construction shall mean the construction of a new principal building.For the purposes of this chapter,this definition does not include construction proposed on vacant lots.This definition shall include construction proposed on lots that have an active permit for demolition of the principal building;lots where the principal building has been demolished but no building permit for a new principal building has been issued;and where trees are proposed to be removed or relocated in preparation for demolition or development of a principal building. 4 Environmentally sensitive areas shall include lands,waters or areas within the City of Atlantic Beach which meet one(1)or more of the following criteria: (a) Wetlands determined to be jurisdictional,and which are regulated by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP),the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers,or the St.Johns River Water Management District(SJRWMD); (b) Estuaries or estuarine systems; (c) Outstanding Florida Waters as designated by the State of Florida and natural water bodies; (d) Areas designated pursuant to the Federal Coastal Barrier Resource Act(PL97-348),and those beach and dune areas seaward of the coastal construction control line; (e) Areas designated as conservation on the future land use map; (f) Essential habitat to listed species as determined by approved methodologies of the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission,the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services,the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service,and the FDEP. s Historic corridor shall mean a tree lined roadway or portion thereof that exhibits special historic,architectural,or cultural value to the citizens of the city as declared by the city commission. (c) General conditions. Mitigation shall be in the form of preservation of existing trees,successful relocation of existing trees, replacement with new trees,or payment into the tree fund as authorized by this chapter shall occur within thirty(30)days, or prior to issuance of a certificate of occupancy or other final approval if it is in association with a development permit.The applicant assumes all duties, risks and costs associated with mitigation. (d) Tree preservation. Only residentially zoned parcels that currently have an active building permit for a new principal building may receive preservation credit in accordance with following. For each existing onsite trees that is a designated maritime species,as defined in this chapter,and that is fourteen (14) inches DBH or greater that is preserved onsite,the total number of inches required for mitigation shall be reduced by twenty-five(25) percent, up to a maximum reduction of fifty(50) percent or forty(40)inches,whichever is less. For example, if one hundred (100)inches of mitigation is required and one(1),twenty-inch DBH live oak tree is preserved on-site the required mitigation would be reduced by twenty-five(25) percent to seventy- five(75)total inches of mitigation required. (e) Tree relocation. Existing trees onsite that are three(3) inches DBH or greater that are relocated and that would otherwise be removed from the site because of development may be utilized as credit towards the assessed mitigation,subject to the other conditions stated in this section, if relocated onsite. (f) Tree replacement. (1) Replacement quality and size.To help ensure that they grow to maturity quickly, new replacement trees shall be the same quality of"Florida Number One",as defined in the most current edition of the Grades and Standards for Nursery Plants, published by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry. a. Oaks shall have a minimum four-inch caliper and twelve-foot height at time of installation. b. All other new replacement trees shall have a minimum two-inch caliper and ten-foot height at time of installation. C. Palms shall have a minimum clear trunk height of eight(8)feet at time of installation. d. New replacement shade trees shall be of a species typically yielding an average mature crown spread of no less than thirty(30)feet in Northeast Florida and shall be chosen from the Atlantic Beach Recommended Species List. Upon approval of the administrator,alternate species not Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:20 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 22 of 36 Page 54 of 220 Agenda Item #4. appearing on the recommended list may be utilized, but in no case shall trees from the Atlantic Beach Prohibited Species List,also maintained and published by the city, be utilized for mitigation credit. e. In the event that a property cannot reasonably accommodate required mitigation on site,the property owner can get replacement credit for planting trees on an immediately adjacent neighbor's property. For vacant lots only,the property owner may get replacement credit for planting trees on any private property within one-quarter(%) mile of the vacant lot.This shall only be done as an alternative to payment into the tree fund when it can be proven that a site cannot fit required replacement plantings.A signed letter from the property owner accepting off- site mitigation plantings and maintenance obligations shall be attached with the tree permit application. f. Atlantic Beach Recommended Species List. Replacement trees shall [be] selected from the following list.This list was created based on hardiness,disease and pest resistance,availability, and size variance. No mitigation credit will be approved for trees that are not on this list, unless approved by the administrator. CITY OF ATLANTIC BEACH RECOMMENDED TREE LIST SHADE TREES Common Name Botanical Name Ash,Green Fraxinus pennsylvanica Ash,Water Fraxinus caroliniana Bay, Loblolly Gordonia lasianthus Cedar,Southern Red Juniperus silicicola Cypress, Bald Taxodium distichum Cypress, Pond Taxodium ascendens Elm,American Ulmus americana Elm, Florida Ulmus american floridana Hickory, Mockernut Carya Tomentosa Hickory, Pecan Carya illinoensis Hickory, Pignut Carya glabra Hickory,Water Carya aquatica Loquat,Japanese Plum Eriobotrya japonica Magnolia,Southern Magnolia grandiflora Magnolia,Sweetbay Magnolia virginiana Maple, Florida Acer barbatum Maple, Red Acer rubrum Oak, Live Quercus virginiana Oak,Shumard Red Quercus shumardii Oak,Swamp Chesnut Quercus michauxii Pine, Loblolly Pinus taeda Pine, Long-leaf Pinus palustris Pine. Pond Pinus serotina Pine,Slash Pinus elliottii Sugarberry I Celtis laevigata Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua Sycamore Platanus occidentalis Tupelo Nyssa sylvatica Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:20 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 23 of 36 Page 55 of 220 Agenda Item #4. PALM TREES Common Name Botanical Name Palm,Cabbage Sabal palmetto Palm,Canary Island Date Phoenix canariensis Palm, Pindo Butia capitata Palm,Sylvester Date Palm I Phoenix sylvestris Palm,Washington I Washingtonia robusta UNDERSTORY OR ORNAMENTAL TREES Common Name Botanical Name Cedar, Red Juniperus virginiana Crape Myrtle Lagerstroemia indica Elm,Winged Ulmus alata Holly,American Ilex opaca Holly, Dahoon Ilex cassine Holly, East Palatka Ilex attenuata Holly,Yaupon Ilex vomitoria Oak, Myrtle Quercus myrtifolia Oak,Sand Live Quercus geminata Podocarpus,Yew Podocarpus macrophyllus Privet,Glossy Ligustrum lucidum Privet,Japanese Ligustrum japonicum Redbud Cercis canadensis Wax Myrtle Myrica cerifera (2) Selection criteria. a. All oaks removed pursuant to a permit shall be mitigated with the preservation, relocation,or planting of oaks, unless payment is made to the tree fund in accordance with section 23-37. Replacement credit for oaks shall be limited to the species of oak trees listed on the Atlantic Beach Recommended Species List. Upon approval of the administrator, hardwood species yielding similar canopy may be used to mitigate removed oaks. b. The planting or relocation of palm trees may only be used as mitigation for removed palm trees. C. When a Designated Maritime Species is removed, mitigation credit shall only be given for the planting, preservation, or relocation of a Designated Maritime Species.This shall not be limited to the exact same species.When a Designated Maritime Species is removed,at least twenty-five (25) percent of mitigation shall be provided on site in the form of replacement. Incentive credit shall be granted for the use of Designated Maritime Species when replacing regulated trees that are not a Designated Maritime Species.The incentive credit is equal to two(2)times the normal replacement credit. For example, if one(1),ten-inch DBH southern magnolia tree is removed,any tree(s) planted for mitigation credit must be one(1)of the Designated Maritime Species. Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:20 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 24 of 36 Page 56 of 220 Agenda Item #4. However, if one(1),ten-inch palm tree is removed,any tree planted for mitigation credit that is a Designated Maritime Species will receive double credit(i.e.one(1),four-inch caliper live oak will receive eight(8) inches of mitigation credit). (3) Placement criteria. a. Avoidance of underground utilities. No trees except those with a normal mature height of less than thirty(30)feet may be planted within five (5) linear feet of the centerline of any utility easement. b. Avoidance of aboveground utilities and public facilities. No trees may be planted closer than the following distances to any curbs,curb lines,sidewalks or aboveground utilities than the following, except for plans demonstrating no conflict with existing aboveground utilities or public facilities, and approved by the administrator: 1. Small trees or palms with normal mature height of fifteen (15)to thirty(30)feet shall have a minimum setback of three(3)feet. 2. Medium trees or palms with normal mature height of thirty(30)to fifty(50)feet shall have a minimum setback of six(6)feet. 3. Large trees with normal mature height of fifty(50)feet or more shall have a minimum setback of ten (10)feet. C. Spacing. The following spacing requirements shall serve as general guidelines for the optimal growth and viability of trees,though trees may be planted closer together upon approval of the administrator: 1. Small trees or palms with normal mature height of fifteen (15)to thirty(30)feet shall be spaced at least ten (10)feet. 2. Medium trees or palms with normal mature height of thirty(30)to fifty(50)feet shall be spaced at least twenty(20)feet. 3. Large trees with normal mature height of fifty(50)feet or more shall be spaced at least thirty(30)feet. 4. Spacing of two(2)or more trees of differing sizes shall be based upon the spacing requirements of the largest tree. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Sec. 23-34. Maintenance and monitoring requirements. The property owner shall be responsible for maintaining the health of any preserved, relocated or replacement trees for three (3)years from the date of the final inspection approving the work. Failure to ensure the viability of the tree(s) is a violation of this chapter and subject to section 23-46. (1) Determination of success.The property owner shall analyze the condition of each tree,three(3)years after the tree was preserved, relocated or planted.This analysis shall be submitted to the city for inspection and approval within thirty(30)days of being made. Should any tree die or be in a state of decline within three(3)years of being preserved, relocated, or, the property owner shall be required to replace the tree within sixty(60)days of that determination. The three-year monitoring and approval period shall begin anew whenever a tree is replaced. If that replacement tree is found not to be viable at the end of the second monitoring period,the property owner may pay the appropriate amount into the tree fund in lieu of planting a third replacement tree. Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:20 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 25 of 36 Page 57 of 220 Agenda Item #4. If the property owner fails to replace the tree or to pay the appropriate amount into the tree fund within sixty(60)days,the property owner shall be in violation of this chapter. (2) Large-scale projects. If a permit includes the relocation of ten (10)or more trees,or the planting of one hundred (100)or more replacement trees,the determination of success for the overall mitigation effort shall be based upon a percent survival rate.A successful project shall be one(1) in which ninety (90) percent or more of the newly planted or relocated trees are determined to be viable after a period of three(3)years. If a large-scale project is determined to be successful on this basis,additional replacement trees will not be required. If this success rate is not met,then section 23-34(1)shall apply. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Sec. 23-35. Elimination of undesirable species. (a) [Guidelines.]The natural vegetative communities existing within the city shall be protected by the control and elimination of non-native invasive species.To that end,the following guidelines shall apply: (1) Planting of species on the Atlantic Beach Prohibited Species List shall not be accepted for mitigation credit. (2) Removal of non-native invasive species from nonresidential properties(excluding jurisdictional wetlands),shall be completed,whenever practicable,as a requirement for approval of any development permit issued by the city or the issuance of a certificate of occupancy if applicable. (3) Procedures for the control and elimination of non-native invasive species shall in no way promote the proliferation of the species through the dispersal of seed or other means. (4) Procedures for the control and elimination of non-native invasive species shall in no way harm or cause the decline of desirable species that are to be preserved, planted or relocated. (b) Atlantic Beach Prohibited Species List.The following species or sub-species of trees are not regulated trees under this chapter,and are exempt from mitigation.The trees on this list shall not be accepted for mitigation credit. Australian pine casuarina cunninghamiana Australian pine thicket casuarina glauca Bischofia bischofia javanica Brazilian pepper schinus terebinthifolius Camphor tree cinnamomum camphora Carolina laurelcherry prunus caroliniana Carrotwood cupaniopsis anacardioides Castor bean ricinus communis Catclaw mimosa mimosa pigra Chinaberry tree melia azedarach Chinese tallow sapium sebiferum Chinese wisteria wisteria sinensis Climbing cassia senna pendula Earleaf acacia acacia auriculiformis Golden Raintree koelreuteria paniculata Guava psidium guayava Jambolan I syzygium cimini Laurel fig ficus microcarpa Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:20 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 26 of 36 Page 58 of 220 Agenda Item #4. Lead tree leucanea leucocephala Melaleuca tree melaleuca quinquenervia Mimosa tree albizia julibrissin Orchid tree bauhinia variegata Schefflera schefflera actinophylla Seaside mahoe thespesia populnea Shoebutton ardesia ardisia elliptica Strawberry guava psidium cattleianum Woman's tongue albizia lebbeck (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Sec. 23-36. Elimination of contagious diseased and pest-infested trees. The natural and cultivated vegetative communities existing within the city shall be protected by the control and elimination of trees afflicted with rapid-spreading contagious diseases and pests. Upon identification and/or confirmation of such infection or infestation by a certified arborist,the city shall give notice to the property owner to remove the afflicted tree.Such tree removal shall be exempt from the permit application requirements,as set forth in section 23-22. Further, mitigation shall not be required, provided however,the subject property is in compliance with minimum tree requirements,as set forth in section 23-30. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Sec. 23-37. Payment in lieu of replacement/relocation. It is the intent of this chapter that all reasonable methods be used to replace or relocate trees onsite. Payment to the tree fund in lieu of replacement or relocation shall not be construed as a routine mitigation option. Rather, it shall be reserved for cases where the ability to replace or relocate trees onsite is restricted by circumstances related to federal,state or local regulations and requirements including but not limited to conflicts with rights-of-way, utilities,stormwater facilities,septic fields and environmentally sensitive areas.The value to be paid into the tree fund shall be established and adopted by the city commission, and payments to the tree fund may be approved in accordance with the following provisions: (1) Applications for tree or vegetation removal permits for all uses and development shall replace or relocate required mitigation onsite,except in cases where the administrator finds, based upon the above stated conditions,that onsite mitigation is not possible. Upon approval of a mitigation plan by the administrator,a permit shall be issued by the administrator,and the remaining balance of the required mitigation shall be payable to the tree fund prior to permit issuance. (2) Where payment in lieu of preservation, relocation,or replacement is approved, as set forth in preceding subsections(1)or(2),the applicant shall pay the equivalent value of the portion not mitigated,to the city's tree fund.The approved mitigation payment shall be payable to the tree fund prior to permit issuance. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Secs. 23-38, 23-39. Reserved. Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:20 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 27 of 36 Page 59 of 220 Agenda Item #4. PART II-CODE OF ORDINANCES Chapter 23- PROTECTION OF TREES AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ARTICLE III.-TREE AND VEGETATION REGULATIONS AND PERMITS DIVISION 5.AREAS OF SPECIAL CONCERN DIVISION 5. AREAS OF SPECIAL CONCERN Sec. 23-40. Applicability. There exist within the city certain areas which contain trees or vegetation of special value and concern,or areas of such substantial social, cultural, historical,ecological,environmental or economic significance that they may warrant added measures of protection. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Sec. 23-41. Historic corridors and heritage trees. (a) Designation.The city commission may by resolution designate historic corridors or individual heritage trees. In doing so,the city commission shall specifically identify those streets,or portions thereof, or trees,which shall be so designated.Trees,tree groups,or landscape groups so designated may be marked by signs or markers of a type to be determined by the city commission.Said signs or markers shall contain the words "Heritage Tree"or"Historic Preserve Corridor" and shall denote the date of designation and the historic significance of the tree,tree group,or landscape group. Upon designation of corridors, professional tree surveys shall be obtained and placed in the public record. As of May,2021 the only designated historic corridor is the public colonnade of palms in the city right-of-way on the east and west sides of both Ocean Boulevard and East Coast Drive from Atlantic Boulevard to Tenth Street. (b) Criteria. In considering whether a tree shall be designated as a heritage tree,the city commission may consider the intrinsic value of the tree due to its age,size,species,and/or cultural,ecological or historical significance or some other contribution to the city's or a neighborhood's character. In considering whether roadways or portions thereof shall be designated as historic corridors,or when a private property owner desires to protect a colonnade on private property,the city commission may consider the following criteria: (1) The presence of historically or culturally significant tree coverage or landscaping,as individual plants or in groupings. (2) The presence of significant historic or architectural structures with associated tree coverage or landscaping. (3) Requests from private property owners may be made for colonnades on their property. In the event that colonnades on private property are designated as a historic corridor or a portion thereof, it shall be the responsibility of the private property owner to record a restrictive covenant as is necessary to make such designation binding on subsequent owners of their property. (c) Documentation.The administrator shall maintain a record of all historic corridor and heritage tree designations and their location shall be reflected on city maps as such. (d) Mitigation. Mitigation required for the removal of designated heritage trees and trees within designated historic corridors,shall be at a higher rate than removal of nondesignated tree(s), as specified in section 23- 33,as an extra measure to strongly encourage protection of such irreplaceable trees. Atlantic Beach, Florida,Code of Ordinances Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:20 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 28 of 36 Page 60 of 220 Agenda Item #4. (e) Effect of historic corridor designation.Trees,colonnades,and landscape areas along roadways,or portions thereof,which have been designated as historic corridors shall not be damaged, mutilated or removed from public or private property by any person or entity, public or private,without prior approval of the city commission,except in the event of an emergency. Removal shall be permitted in the following conditions: (1) When safety of the general public or adjacent residents or property is threatened by such historic trees; or (2) Removal is necessary for ingress to and/or egress from the property; or (3) Special circumstances exist,such as necessity of handicap accessibility,which require removal;or (4) There is another similar valid, legitimate reason for removal. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Secs. 23-42-23-45. Reserved. DIVISION 6. VIOLATIONS, ENFORCEMENT AND PENALTIES Sec 23-46. Violations. Violations by any person of this chapter, including without limitation failure to make proper application for a tree or vegetation removal permit as required by these provisions,or failure to implement any requirements or conditions of a tree or vegetation removal permit,shall be deemed a violation of this chapter,and except as expressly provided in this chapter, shall be subject to code enforcement procedures as set forth within chapter 2, article V,division 2 of this Code of Ordinances and any other remedies available under applicable law. (1) Development activity. It shall be a violation of this chapter for any person(s)to engage in development or other activity,which has the potential to damage, destroy or remove,or cause the destruction or removal of any tree or vegetation as regulated herein,without complying with all applicable provisions of this chapter. (2) Compliance with approved permit. It shall be a violation of this chapter for any person who has obtained a permit from the city pursuant to the requirements of this chapter to fail to comply with the requirements of the approved permit and any conditions attached thereto. (3) Compliance with general conditions of permit. The following minimum conditions shall apply to every permit issued pursuant to this chapter,and violation of or failure to comply with any such condition(s) shall be a violation of this chapter: a. Permit and plans onsite. Approved permits and plans shall be available onsite at all times during development or tree removal activity. b. Responsible individual onsite. Whenever site work is ongoing,there shall be an individual at the site who shall be responsible for the ongoing work and who shall have the familiarity with the project to ensure work is proceeding according to approved plans.This provision is not intended to require that a single individual remain onsite during all operations,only that at all times there shall be a designated person in responsible charge. (4) Maintenance requirements. It shall be a violation of this chapter for any person(s)who is engaged in development activity on property located within the city or in accordance with a permit issued by the city pursuant to this chapter,or who has obtained title to property upon which such activities have Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:20 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 29 of 36 Page 61 of 220 Agenda Item #4. taken place,to fail to comply with the minimum standards and maintenance requirements set forth herein. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Sec. 23-47. Notice of violation. Whenever the administrator determines that a violation of this chapter has occurred,the administrator shall immediately issue written notice to the person(s) in violation, identifying the nature and location of the violation and specifying that remedial action is necessary to bring the violation into compliance.The person(s) in violation shall immediately,conditions permitting, commence remedial action and shall have seven (7)calendar days after the receipt of notice,or such longer time as may be specified in the notice,to complete the remedial actions required to bring the violation into compliance with this chapter. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Sec. 23-48. Stop work order. (a) Authority to stop work.The city manager or designee of the city manager shall have the authority to immediately issue a stop work order in any of the following circumstances: (1) Whenever land is being cleared without an approved permit or in a manner inconsistent with the approved permit; (2) Upon the failure of the permittee,or failure of the property owner if no permit exists,to take immediate corrective action when there is a danger to life or property; (3) Whenever ongoing noncompliant work is not immediately and permanently stopped upon receipt of a written or oral notice of violation; (4) Whenever protection measures have not been implemented or maintained and danger to regulated trees or regulated vegetation exists or may be imminent; (5) Whenever remedial work required by notice of violation pursuant to subsection (a)of this section is not completed in the time period specified;or (6) Upon failure to post or have the approved permit and plans available onsite. (b) Content and scope of stop work order.The stop work order shall specify the circumstances that have resulted in issuance of the order. It shall also direct that all work be stopped other than such remedial work as is deemed necessary to bring the violation into compliance,or it may specify the cessation of specific work by functional nature,such as land clearing, regulated tree or regulated vegetation removal,grading, roadway construction, building erection or utility construction.The order may apply to the entire project or to geographical portions of the project that may be individually specified. (c) Failure to comply after notice of violation and stop work order. If the person(s) in violation fails to complete the required remedial action within the prescribed time, or continues any development activity in violation of a stop work order,the administrator may initiate code enforcement action pursuant to chapter 2,article V,division 2 of the Code of Ordinances,or other remedies as authorized by law. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:20 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 30 of 36 Page 62 of 220 Agenda Item #4. Sec. 23-49. Requirement for emergency or immediate corrective action. Where it is determined by the city that failure to maintain stormwater management facilities, erosion, sediment or tree/vegetation protection controls,or failure to conform to the provisions of this chapter or permit conditions, is resulting in danger or damage to life or property,the city may require immediate corrective action. Protection controls which are breached due to development activity,wind, rain or other factors shall be repaired within twenty-four(24) hours of breach. Failure to take such immediate corrective action when notified shall constitute a violation of this chapter. If immediate corrective measures are not taken by the permittee or property owner and the conditions of the site are such that there is danger or hardship to the public,the city may enter upon lands,take corrective actions,and place a lien on the real property of such person(s)to recover the cost of the corrective measures. In addition,the administrator may revoke any permit issued pursuant to this chapter. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Sec. 23-50. Code enforcement action. Failure to complete remedial actions required to bring the violation into compliance with this chapter shall result in code enforcement action pursuant to chapter 2, article V,division 2 of the Code of Ordinances as well as other remedies available under applicable law. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Sec. 23-51. Penalties. (a) General provisions. Any person(s)violating a provision of this chapter shall be punishable according to the law or in accordance with the findings of the duly appointed special magistrate. (1) Violations of this chapter are considered irreparable and irreversible in nature. (2) Each day any violation continues shall constitute a separate offense. (3) Each regulated tree removed from a site in violation of these regulations shall constitute a separate offense. (4) Each acre or fraction thereof,of land cleared in violation of these regulations shall constitute a separate offense. (5) Person(s)charged with violations of this chapter may include: a. The owner,agent, lessor, lessee,contractor or any other person(s) using the land, building or premises where such violation exists. b. Any person(s)who maintains any land, building or premises upon which a violation exists. C. Any person(s)who knowingly commits,takes part,or assists in such violation. (b) Building permits. No building permit shall be issued for a site while any violation of this chapter exists on the subject site. (c) Injunction. Any affected person(s) may seek an injunction against any violation of the provisions of this chapter and recover from the violator such damages as he or she may suffer including, but not limited to, damage to property as a result of development or failure to maintain, in violation of the terms of this chapter. (d) Sanctions for failure to obtain a permit. Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:20 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 31 of 36 Page 63 of 220 Agenda Item #4. (1) Regulated trees or regulated vegetation removed in violation of this chapter shall require an after-the- fact permit,the fee for which shall be two(2)times the normal established application fee specified in section 23-26. In addition,as a condition of the permit,the applicant shall immediately complete all remedial work as necessary to stabilize the site and mitigate all damage to the site and adjacent properties. (2) Regulated trees removed in violation of this chapter shall be assessed at two(2)times the normal established rate of mitigation specified in section 23-33. (3) If a lot, parcel,site or portion thereof, has been cleared such that the administrator is unable to determine with reasonable certainty the number and size of regulated trees and/or regulated vegetation removed in violation of this chapter,analysis of aerial photography or other such accepted scientific methodology shall be used to make a determination as to the loss of canopy and/or land cover for the purpose of assessing mitigation.A civil fine of five dollars($5.00) per square foot of canopy or land cover lost shall be assessed by the administrator,and shall be payable to the tree fund within seven (7)days of such assessment. No further work or development shall proceed until the city is in receipt of any such assessed fine. (4) Any person(s)exhibiting a documented history of chronic or repeated violations of this chapter shall, upon third offense, be reported to the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation,as well as any other authority governing licensing, registration or certification of individuals or businesses. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Sec. 23-52. Environmental stewardship committee—Intent. The maritime forest in Atlantic Beach is core to the city's identity as a small coastal village.The tree canopy creates beauty, provides a home for wildlife,functions as an element of the water management system and enhances property values. It is in the best interest for this committee to be the stewards of the tree canopy through advocacy, assessment, maintenance, planting and preservation of this natural resource.The city parks provide open spaces for recreation,exercise,wildlife habitat, relaxation and encounters with the natural world. This committee intends to support the community to provide a variety of park spaces that are well maintained, accessible and secure.This committee shall take the lead and set high community standards in the beautification and maintenance of public spaces located within the city.The Atlantic Ocean,the St.Johns River and the Intracoastal Waterway have a great deal of influence on the micro climate,drainage issues and the diverse vegetation and wildlife that thrive within the city.The care and health of the coast and marsh must be paramount in every recommendation made by this committee about the use of our land,water system and tree canopy. (a) Environmental stewardship committee purposes. It shall be the purpose of the environmental stewardship committee: (1) To study and make recommendations to the city commission and city staff with respect to the city's: a. Maritime forest; b. Parks and open spaces; C. Beautification of public and private spaces; and d. Environmental stewardship. (2) To act as a motivating and coordinating body to encourage joint public and private participation in promoting these purposes. Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:20 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 32 of 36 Page 64 of 220 Agenda Item #4. (b) Environmental stewardship committee—Scope of activities.The environmental stewardship committee shall provide guidance and support to the city commission and city manager and, upon request by the city commission or city manager,shall provide written recommendations, in the following areas: (1) Maritime forest: a. Clarifying and strengthening the city's processes and all tree and landscape related city codes and ordinances; b. Monitoring the appropriate administration and enforcement of the city's ordinances; C. Promoting transparency through online access to relevant information; d. Developing and maintaining environmental education and outreach programs about the maritime forest and relevant codes; e. Promoting appropriate planting and care of trees on private property to owners, developers, builders,and tree/landscape service contractors; f. Developing and maintaining a long-term tree plan that includes an assessment of the tree canopy, projecting future needs,and developing a calendar and budget for tree planting in parks, public spaces and along streets and rights-of-way; g. Promoting tree canopy advocacy including upholding the city's status as a bona fide"Tree City USA;" h. Developing a process for systematic, review of the city's enforcement of the existing tree codes, including the long-term health of trees planted for mitigation; and i. Developing and maintaining a process for citizens to communicate possible violations to the city. (2) Parks and open spaces: a. Developing and maintaining a long-range plan to protect, improve and beautify park spaces; b. Improving access to and amenities for parks including disability accommodations, bike paths, parking,signage and other user friendly features; C. Expanding the city's inventory of parks and conservation land through acquisition or other means; and d. Maintaining a web-based, publicly accessible inventory of parks including their history, archeological value, rules of use,deed restrictions and conservation easements. (3) Beautification of public and private spaces: a. Enhancing public spaces, including public rights-of-way, roadsides,city buildings, beach accesses and other publicly held properties with art, carefully maintained landscape design and plantings; b. Incentivizing and advocating for beautification of private and commercial spaces; C. Reducing the number and appearance of degraded or blighted properties;and d. Developing a design theme/community branding for signage, bus shelters, lighting and other elements of the built environment. (4) Environmental stewardship: Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:20 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 33 of 36 Page 65 of 220 Agenda Item #4. a. Utilizing best practices, including a science based approach,when making any decision about development and its impact on our environment; b. Protecting the beach, dunes, marshlands and wetlands as critical defenses in hurricane, erosion and flooding conditions; C. Communicating the dynamics of tidal drainage and floodplain with the goal of preserving the city's flood management system; d. Reviewing the city's environmental codes and ensuring enforcement of rules including, but not limited to,dumping,septic tanks and commercial pollution;and e. Reviewing, updating and maintaining the Marsh Master Plan for adherence to current research about sea level change and wetlands preservation. (c) Membership, terms, appointments, geographic requirements, composition. (1) Membership.The environmental stewardship committee shall be composed of eleven (11) members. One-half(%2)of the filled seats of the committee shall constitute a quorum. No member of the committee shall hold any other public office in violation of Article II,Section 5(a), Florida Constitution. (2) Terms. Following the expiration of the terms of office of the inaugural board members,all members shall serve three-year terms. Members shall not serve more than three(3)consecutive terms on the committee.All terms shall expire on December 31 of the proper year, provided, however,that members whose terms expire shall continue to serve until replacement appointments are effective.Any committee member who wishes to resign should submit a letter of resignation to the chairman and city clerk.Any vacancy during the unexpired term of an appointed member shall be filled for the remainder of the term.Should the length of the unexpired term be less than one (1)year,then such appointment shall not count towards the maximum number of consecutive terms. (3) Appointments. Except for the inaugural committee members, committee members shall be selected by the board member review committee and shall be confirmed by the commission.The commission shall select the inaugural committee members as follows: Member Representation Appointed By At large Mayor(3 years) At large Mayor(4 years) At large Mayor(3 years) District 1308 resident Seat 2 commissioner(3 years) At large Seat 2 commissioner(4 years) District 1307 resident Seat 3 commissioner(3 years) At large Seat 3 commissioner(4 years) District 1306 resident Seat 4 commissioner(3 years) At large Seat 4 commissioner(4 years) District 1312 resident Seat 5 commissioner(3 years) At large Seat 5 commissioner(4 years) (4) Geographical requirements.There shall be at least one(1) member representing each city district on the committee. Each committee member must be a full time resident of the city or own real property in the city. For the purpose of this section,full time residency shall be defined as the Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:20 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 34 of 36 Page 66 of 220 Agenda Item #4. person's principal place of abode.Any member must immediately notify the city manager and chair in writing upon no longer meeting these membership qualifications. (5) Composition.To the extent possible,committee members should demonstrate at least one(1)of the following skills,experience,expertise,educational background or interests: a. Knowledge of best practices in environmental management and sustainability; b. Land development and building construction; C. Urban planning and design; d. Arboriculture and horticulture; e. Landscape architecture; f. Environmental policy; g. Environmental and constitutional law; h. Community engagement;and i. Educational programming. (d) Organization. (1) The committee shall meet on the second Wednesday of each month.Special meetings may be called by the chair, provided at least forty-eight(48) hours' notice is provided and that a majority of the members must agree to the date and time.At its first regularly scheduled meeting each January,the committee shall elect from among its members a chair,vice chair,and secretary who shall assume their positions immediately upon election. (2) The chair shall preside at all meetings of the committee.The vice chair shall preside if the chair is absent. (3) The committee shall be staffed at each meeting by a city staff member appointed by the city manager to act as the recording clerk. In addition,the city manager or his/her designee shall attend all committee meetings. (4) Roberts Rules of Order shall be followed at committee meetings.The committee may adopt, amend,and rescind procedural rules of the committee to aid in implementing the provisions of this section.All reports,studies,and recommendations made by the committee shall be approved by the committee before the same may be presented to the city commission or city manager on behalf of the committee. (5) The committee shall establish a tree subcommittee in accordance with subsection (f) below.The committee may establish such other subcommittees from among its membership as it deems necessary to perform its activities.Subcommittees shall report on their progress to the committee at such times as the committee shall require.All committee and subcommittee meetings shall be open to the public and are subject to Florida's Government in the Sunshine Laws. (6) The committee's recording clerk shall keep minutes of the proceedings,showing the vote of each member upon each question,or,if absent or failing to vote, indicating such fact,and shall keep records of its examinations and other official actions,all of which shall be immediately filed in the office of the city clerk and shall become a public record. (e) Removal of members. Any member on the committee may be removed for cause by the city commission upon written charges and after public hearing.Any member who fails to attend three(3) consecutive meetings without prior notice to the director of planning and community development or Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:20 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 35 of 36 Page 67 of 220 Agenda Item #4. his/her designee and without reasonable cause shall have his office declared vacant by the committee. The vacancy shall be promptly reported to the city clerk and filled by the city commission. (f) Establishment of tree subcommittee, membership, terms. (1) There is hereby established a tree subcommittee of the environmental stewardship committee, referred to in this subsection as the subcommittee.The subcommittee shall systematically review tree permits submitted to the city for completeness and to determine compliance with the provisions of this chapter 23 as more particularly described in this subsection.The subcommittee shall consist of three (3) members and one(1)alternate member.The alternate shall serve in the case of the absence of any of the three(3) members.The members of the environmental stewardship committee may volunteer to serve on the subcommittee and shall be appointed to the subcommittee by the environmental stewardship committee.All of the members of the subcommittee shall be members of the environmental stewardship committee.The environmental stewardship committee shall appoint or remove the members of the subcommittee by a simple majority vote. Filling vacancies shall take place at the next regular scheduled meeting of the environmental stewardship committee after a seat on the subcommittee has become vacated. Members of the subcommittee may serve for as long as they serve on the environmental stewardship committee. (2) Organization of tree subcommittee. a. The environmental stewardship committee shall establish a regular meeting schedule of the tree subcommittee. Unless otherwise determined,the subcommittee's meetings shall meet on the same date as the environmental stewardship committee. b. The administrator or designee shall attend all meetings of the subcommittee.A city staff member designated by the city manager shall act as clerk for the subcommittee.The clerk shall be responsible for the clerical administration of the subcommittee.The clerk shall also be responsible for the maintenance and preservation of all records of the subcommittee in coordination with the city clerk's office. C. The subcommittee shall utilize the rules of the environmental stewardship committee. Robert's Rules of Order shall be followed to conduct meetings.All meetings shall be open to the public.The subcommittee shall keep minutes of the proceedings, recording the vote of each member upon each question or if absent or failing to vote, indicating such facts. It shall keep records of its examinations and other official actions,all of which shall be promptly filed with the city clerk's office and shall become public record.The subcommittee will operate in compliance with Florida's Government in the Sunshine Laws. (Ord. No.95-21-119, §2(Exh.A),7-12-21) Secs. 23-53-23-60. Reserved. Created: 2023-03-29 12:46:20 [EST] (Supp. No.48) Page 36 of 36 Page 68 of 220 Agenda Item #4. VOT CODE SECTIONS PERTAINING TO TREES These references for VOT tree matters may not be all encompassing as I had to decide from time to time if a tree reference in the VOT Code was already covered by another link previously provided elsewhere herein.I might have been mistaken when doing that. There are a total 56 references to trees in the VOT Code per Municode search results. Not all links herein have automatically activated.For those not activated, copy and paste into your browser. 1) Chapter 50,Article VII, Trees: (See all) https:Hlibrary.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code_of ordinances?nodeld=PTIICOOR CH50NAREPR ARTVIITR 2) Sec. 78-397. - Prohibited plant species: (See all for the trees on this list) hllps:HlibrM.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code of ordinances?nodeld=PTIICOOR CH78Z0 ARTIXSURE DIV4LA S78-397PRPLSP 3) Sec. 78-404. - Ground cover and trees in planting strips: (See all) https:HlibraLy.municode.com/fl/teguesta/codes/code ordinances?nodeld=P TIICOOR CH78ZO ARTIXSURE DIV4LA S78-404GRCOTRPLST 4) Sec. 14-4. - Protection of trees and other vegetation to be preserved on site(See all) hLtps:HlibraEy.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code—of of ordinances?nodeld=PTIICOOR CH 14BUBURE ARTIINGE S 14-4PRTROTVEBEPRSI 5) DIVISION 3. -PRESERVATION OF HISTORIC AND SPECIMEN TREES AND NATIVE SPECIES (See all): https:HlibrM.mu,nicode.com/fi/teguesta/codes/code of ordinances?nodeld=PTIICOOR _CH50NAREPR ARTVIITR DIV3PRHISPTRNASP 6) Sec. 22-54. - Powers and duties as official tree board of the village: (See All) https://Iibrary.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code of ordinances?nodeld =PTIICOOR CH22CODE ARTIICOAP DIV2PLZOBO S22-54PODUOFTRBOVI 7) DIVISION 3. -PRESERVATION OF HISTORIC AND SPECIMEN TREES AND NATIVE SPECIES (See All): https:Hlibraly.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code ordinances?nodeld=PTIICOOR CH50NAREPR ARTVIITR DIV3PRHISPTRNASP 1 Page 69 of 220 Agenda Item #4. 8) Sec. 78-405. -Accessways through landscaped areas (See All) https:Hlibrary.municode.coin/fl/teguesta/codes/code_of ordinances?nodeld=PTIICOOR CH78Z0 ARTIXSURE DIV4LA 578-405ACTHLAAR 9) Sec. 74-2. -Vegetation in proximity to electric facilities: (See All) hlWs:Hlibraa.municode.com/fl/teguesta/codes/code of ordinances?nodeld=PTIICOOR CH74UT ARTIINGE 574-2VEPRELFA 10)Sec. 30-33. - Prohibited conditions [See subsections (b) & (d)]: hlWs:Hlibrga.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code ordinances?nodeld=PTIICOOR CH30ENCONU ARTIIACWEOTPL 530-33PRCO 11)Sec. 78-409. - Landscaping around principal structures (See All): hitps:HlibraLy.municode.com/fi/teguesta/codes/code ordinances?nodeld=PT1ICOOR CH78ZO ARTIXSURE DIV4LA S78-409LAARPRST 12)Sec. 78-406. -Interior landscaping of parking areas. [See subsection (d)]: htips:Hlibrary.municode.com/fl/teguesta/codes/code_of ordinances?nodeld=PTIICOOR CH78Z0 ARTIXSURE DIV4LA S78-406INLAPAAR 13)Sec. 78-408. - Percentage of landscape coverage required (See All): h!Ws:Hlibraiy.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code_of ordinances?nodeld=PTIICOOR CH78ZO ARTIXSURE DIV4LA S78-408PELACORE 14)Sec. 78-393.—Definitions (See all pertaining to trees): https:HlibrM.municode.com/fl/teguesta/codes/code_of ordinances?nodeld=PTIICOOR CH78Z0 ARTIXSURE DIV4LA S78-393DE 15)Sec. 78-227. -Design criteria [See subsections "d" & "g"]: https:Hlibrary.municode.com/fl/teguesta/codes/code_of ordinances?nodeld=PTIICOOR CH78Z0 ARTVIIPLREDEPR S78-227DECR 2 Page 70 of 220 Agenda Item #4. VOT CODE SECTIONS PERTAINING TO TREES 16)Section 5.01. - Powers of Village Council [See subsection (16)]: https:Hlibraiy.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code_of ordinances?nodeId=PTICH_AR TVTA_S5.01P0VICO 17)Sec. 78-394. - Florida-friendly landscaping general provisions; design standards. (See all references to trees): https:HlibrM.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code of ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR CH78Z0 ARTIXSURE DIV4LA S78-394FLIELAGEPRDEST 18)Sec. 78-442.—Definitions (See Definition of"Manmade trees"): hiips:Hlibrary.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code_of ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR CH78ZO ARTIXSURE DIV5WITETOANSADI S78-442DE 19)Sec. 78-333. - Contents of application[See subsection (9)]: hMs:Hlibraiy.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code_of ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR CH78Z0 ARTIXSURE DIV2SIPLRE S78-333COAP 20)Sec. 78-745. - Prohibitions in all zoning districts: (See subsection "k") https://libraly.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code_of ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR CH78ZO ARTXISI S78-745PRALZODI 21)APPENDIX D -LAND DEVELOPMENT FEE SCHEDULE, (See subsection "b"): httys://Iibrary.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code of ordinances?nodeid=PTIIC OOR APXDLADEFESC 22)Sec. 78-446. - Special exception uses. (See subsection"2, e"): h!Ms:Hlibrary.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code_of ordinances?nodeld=PTIICOOR CH78Z0 ARTIXSURE DIV5WITETOANSADI S78-446SPEXUS 23)Sec. 70-47. - Business tax schedule (See subsection ("b"): https:Hlibraa.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR CH70TA ARTIILOBUTA S70-47BUTASC 24)APPENDIX C -PERMIT FEES (See subsection "4"): https://libra!y.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code_of ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR _APXCPEFE 3 Page 71 of 220 Agenda Item #4. 25)Sec. 78-642. - Requirements applicable to all mobile food trucks and temporary commercial kitchens (See subsection "u, 6"): h!Ms:Hlibraa.municode.com/fi/teguesta/codes/code ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR CH78ZO ARTIXSURE DIVIIMOFOVE S78-642REAPALMOFOTRTECOKI 26)Sec. 78-4.—Definitions (See definitions of Landscaping strip &Landscaping): https:Hlibrary.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code_of ordinances?nodeld=PTIICOOR CH78Z0 ARTIINGE S78-4DE 27)Sec. 22-84.—Landscaping (See Subsections 1 &2) https://Iibrary.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code_of ordinances?nodeId=P TIICOOR CH22CODE ARTIICOAP DIV3SUCRPRRU S22-84LA 28)Sec. 22-85. - Parking lots. (See subsections "c" & "d") https:Hlibrary.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code_of ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR CH22CODE ARTIICOAP DIV3SUCRPRRU S22-85PALO 29)Sec. 78-399.—Maintenance [See subsections (a) 4, a,b,c,d; (b)3; (c) 5 b ] https:Hlibrary.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code_of ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR CH78ZO ARTIXSURE D1V4LA S78-399MA 30)Sec. 78-410. -Notice of violation (See All): hiips:Hlibraiy.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code_of ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR CH78ZO ARTIXSURE DIV4LA S78-410NOVI 31)Sec. 78-400. - Landscape plans [See subsections (2) & (8)] hlWs:HlibrM.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code of ordinances?nodeld=PTIICOOR CH78Z0 ARTIXSURE DIV4LA S78-400LAPL 32)Sec. 78-257. -Design criteria (See subsections "d" & "g") h!Ws:Hlibraiy.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code_of ordinances?nodeld=PTIICOOR CH78ZO ARTVIIIPLCODEPC S78-257DECR 33)Sec. 78-251. - Purpose and intent (See paragraph 3, sentence 1) htips:Hlibraiy.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code_of ordinances?nodeld=PTIICOOR CH78ZO ARTVIIIPLCODEPC S78-251PUIN 34)Sec. 78-444. - General requirements [See subsection (c) (4) a&b] https:Hlibrary.municode.com/fl/tequesta/codes/code_of ordinances?nodeld=PTIICOOR CH78ZO ARTIXSURE DIV5WITETOANSADI S78-444GERE 4 Page 72 of 220 Agenda Item #4. VOT PROHIBITED PLANT SPECIES Sec.78-397.-Prohibited plant species. (a) The following plant species shall not be planted in the village: (1) Melaleuca quinquenervia(commonly known as Punk Tree,Cajeput or Paper Bark). (2) Schinus terebinthifolia(commonly known as Brazilian Pepper or Florida Holly). (3) Casuarina species(commonly known as Australian Pine). (4) Acacia auriculiformis(commonly known as Earleaf Acacia). (5) Albizia lebbeck(commonly known as Woman's Tongue). (6) Ardisia solonacea(commonly known as Shoebutton Ardisia). (7) Colubrina asiatica(commonly known as Lather Leaf). (8) Dioscorea bulbifera(commonly known as Air Potato). (9) Fiscus altissima(commonly known as Lofty Fig). (10) Fiscus benghalensis(commonly known as Banyan). (11) Hibiscus tiliaceus(commonly known as Mahoe). (12) Jasminum dichotomum(commonly known as Gold Coast Jasmine). (13) Lygodium microphyllum(commonly known as Old World Climbing Fern). (14) Mimosa pigra(commonly known as Cat's Claw). (15) Rhodomyrtus tomentosa(commonly known as Downy Rose Myrtle). (16) Bischofia javanica(commonly known as Japanese Bishopwood). (17) Cupaniopsis anacardioides(commonly known as Carrotwood). (18) Schefflera actinophylla(commonly known as Schefflera). (19) Asparagus densiflorus(commonly known as Asparagus Fern). (20) Dalbergia sissio(commonly known as Indian Rosewood). (21) Eucalyptus spp.(commonly known as Eucalyptus Species). (22) Eugenia uniflora(commonly known as Surinam Cherry). (23) Grevillea robusta(commonly known as Silk Oak). (24) Sansevieria(commonly known as Snake Plant). (25) Scaevola sericea(commonly known as Beach Naupaka). (26) Wedelia trilobata(commonly known as Wedelia). (b) Any parcel of land upon which a structure has been heretofore erected and which received a certificate of occupancy prior to the date of adoption of the ordinance from which this section is derived and contains the prohibited landscaping provided in subsections(a)(1)through(3)of this section shall have the prohibited landscaping removed and replaced with living landscaping pursuant to the provisions of this division within five years of the date of enactment. Any parcel of land upon which a structure has been heretofore erected and received a certificate of occupancy prior to the date upon which the amendment to this section was adopted and contains the prohibited landscaping in subsections(a)(4)through(18)of this section shall have the prohibited landscaping removed and replaced with approved landscaping pursuant to the provisions of this division within four years of the date of enactment of such amendment. The removal of prohibited landscaping as provided in this section shall not apply to the prohibited landscaping existing on single-family lots or duplex lots lying within R-1,R-1A or R-2 districts,except as required by the specific requirements contained in section 78-402,or to any or to lots located within the R/OP district. (Ord.No.39-13,§1,2-13-14;Ord.No.161622,§3,1-12-2023) Page 73 of 220 Agenda Item #4. VOT CODE REFERENCE TO SFWMD FOR LANDSCAPING The VOT Code references the SFWMD Water Wise Guide for acceptable plants at: Sec. 78-406. - Interior landscaping of parking areas. "(d) Trees of the species designated within South Florida Water Management District Waterwise Guide, as amended, which is adopted as part of this division and is on file in the village clerk's office, shall be planted in each planting area, provided that each species planted shall be designated as moderate drought tolerant or very drought tolerant, designated as a non-invasive species, have a hardiness zone designation other than tropical, be proposed for planting with regard for salt tolerance depending upon the proposed geographic location and its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and have a medium or high wind tolerance. All designations referenced in this section shall be as indicated within the South Florida Water Management District Waterwise Guide, as amended. Tree plantings shall meet the landscaping requirements of the village." (Ord. No. 39-13, § 1, 2-13-14) AND Sec. 78-400. - Landscape plans "(6) Any and all landscaping provided shall be in accordance with the South Florida Water Management District Waterwise Guide, as amended, techniques, practices and landscape vegetation lists, which shall constitute the village approved landscape guide and list with the following exceptions. All vegetation species not designated as moderate drought tolerant or very drought tolerant, all invasive species and all species having a hardiness zone designation of tropical shall not be approved and do not constitute a part of the approved village landscape guide and list, a copy of which is hereby incorporated as a part of this division as if fully set forth in this section. Plants should be proposed for planting with regard for salt tolerance depending upon the proposed geographic location and proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. Plants should be grouped in accordance with their respective water and maintenance needs. Fifty percent of all required landscaping shall be landscaping indigenous to the South Florida area as indicated in the Waterwise Guide, as amended." Page 74 of 220 SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT D I S T R I C T .S°4 F th Ai VAN . AL NA 40 A T E R I S E South Florida Landscapes Landscaping to Promote Water Conservation Using the Principles of XeriscapeT"' .,.,q Agenda Item #4. BEFORE YOU DIG...CHECK YOUR TEMP Before beginning any waterwise landscape,one of the most important considerations in determining what plants you can grow in your yard or garden is whether or not they will survive the climate and temperature in your area.Plant hardiness zones are a general guide to help you know which plants will grow where you live because plants can vary in the temperature extremes they can endure. The U.S.Department of Agriculture Plant Hardiness Zone Map is the standard measure of plant hardiness throughout the United States.In South Florida,there are seven delineations between temperature zones ranging from 9a (20 to 25°F) to 11 (40°F and up). Keep in mind that plant hardiness zones are only a general guide.Other conditions influence whether a plant will survive in your garden or yard.You must also consider soil types,rainfall,daytime temperatures, day length,wind,humidity and heat.Within your own yard,block and county,there are microclimates that affect how plants grow.One part of your yard may be hotter,colder,wetter,drier,shadier or sunnier;therefore, certain plants may do better in one spot than another. Starting on page 18,you will find easy-to-read plant lists that will help you determine what plants will thrive in your yard or garden.The lists include the Florida temperature hardiness zone range,watering needs,salt tolerance, light range,plant type,size,growth rate and helpful comments from plant experts.South Florida landscapes are more than just queen palm trees and impatiens.You can select from dozens of beautiful waterwise trees,shrubs, flowers,vines,and groundcover suitable for South Florida.Get creative and enjoy your waterwise landscape! Plant Hardiness Zones for Florida e� S8a Holmas 'aakaan N/alto. 4Vashin Gatlstlen as Hamilton ' .. ,m aka •I � Wakulla an ! Fallor srru — unlonj * St.rah. Gulf Franklin Lafayette C pixi Ilohns Alachu Putnam ''—' Flagler y Mari! !! Volu�! Sum�e !al! nole m or nee Pasco • • . eeola 9b �MSporo,oh Zone Fahrenheit* = P I.d—Rlvar 8a 10°to 15° a. _ ate: RIg lends o t.Luc 8b 15°to 20° m 9a 20°to 25° arias ..a 9b 25°to 30° P-B `h �Lea Ranhr,; 10a 30°to 35° 1 lob 35°to 40° 11 Above 40' ; 10b ,. *Temperature listed is the average Doha low range for the region Boundary of the South Florida Water Management District Source:FloridaGardener.com 11 By its status as a Charter Member of the National Xeriscape Council,Inc.,the South Florida Water Management District has full permission to use the term Xeriscape and its fundamental principles for the purpose of educating the people of Florida about the concepts of Xeriscape Landscaping.-November 1987 Page 76 of 220 Agenda Item #4. W A 7- R W T S South Florida Landscapes Landscaping to Promote Water Conservation Using the Principles of Xeriscape"I from the South Florida Water Management District kF,. Contents .��. Introduction........................................................ 4` Yv What Is Xeriscape Landscaping? ................................................................................ 2 The Seven Steps of Xeriscape .......................................................... 3 a, Plan and Design Ste 1 4 Obtain a Soil Analysis—Step 2 ................................................................................ 6 Choose Proper Plants—Step 3 .................................................................................. 7 ' Use Turf Wisely—Step 4.......................................................................................... 10 Irrigate Efficiently—Step 5 Use Mulch—Step 6................................. Perform Proper Maintenance—Step 7.................................................................... 13 ' ► y Plants Not Recommended for Landscaping 15 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species...................................................................... 16 i i 1 Plant Lists and Photographs...................................................................................... 18 Glossary ................................................................... r Bibliography...................................................................................... inside back cover Ak EFTAiL Page 77 of 220 Agenda Item #4. ONTRODUCTION WHAT IS XERISCAPE LANDSCAPING? Florida is surrounded on three sides by water and Xeriscape is quality landscaping that conserves its interior is filled with wetlands,thousands of lakes, water and protects the environment.Xeriscape and many rivers and streams.With all this water landscaping is based on seven basic principles that around,many people may not realize the need to can be successfully applied anywhere. conserve water.Despite Florida's apparent watery The main objective of Xeriscape is to establish and bounty,not all of that water is available for drinking maintain a healthy landscape by matching the right or other uses by humans.In addition,Florida's plants with existing site conditions so that the use of weather is fickle—long periods of wet weather may additional resources,such as water,fertilizer, be followed by long periods of dry weather.The pesticides and labor,is minimized.In addition to state's leaders recognize the need to conserve water as helping conserve water resources,Xeriscape a means to ensure the continued availability of this landscaping practices reduce the amount of vital resource for everyone from year to year. pollutants reaching water bodies because fewer yard Preserving and protecting Florida's water chemicals are used.Fertilizers and pesticides can resources is a main focus of the state's five water contaminate water bodies when they are washed out management districts.This guide is brought to you of the yard with the rain,in stormwater runoff. by the South Florida Water Management District in The term Xeriscape and the concept of Xeriscape order to help you work with nature in our region's were first developed in the southwestern United unique environment to establish a landscape that States during droughts in the early 1980s.Residents conserves water resources and protects water quality. of the West learned that one way to save water was to Through use of the Xeriscape landscaping principles, develop landscapes with plants that occur naturally everyone can help conserve resources. in the existing conditions,rather than perpetually Achieving a natural,healthy balance in your trying to change the conditions.In Florida,Xeriscape landscape starts by putting the right plant in the right landscaping can be as lush as Florida itself— place.Matching plants to conditions that exist in Xeriscape is rocks and cactus only where they your area helps them thrive,once established,with naturally occur. little or no irrigation or chemicals.The seven The best time to establish a drought-tolerant principles of Xeriscape are explained in this guide. Xeriscape landscape for your home or commercial Scientific or other special terms appear in bold.These property is long before a drought.Once established, terms are listed in the glossary at the end of this the right plant in the right place will be highly self- guide and are defined in the context in which they sufficient,needing little help to survive nature's are used in this guide.A comprehensive plant list is included to help you choose the best plants for your landscape.Resources and references for more specific information about gardening techniques are listed at ' the back of the guide. Through this guide,we hope you'll find that when you work with nature,nature will work for you.And you'll be doing your part to ensure that our natural resources can be enjoyed today and by future generations. 2 Page 78 of 220 Agenda Item #4. extremes.Healthy,well-placed plants with deep, will remain healthy with minimal established root systems will need less help to supplemental irrigation and care survive a drought. once established. Conserving our water supply and reducing water 4.USE TURF WISELY—Grass is pollution have become important issues in our often a yard's largest water user,but growing communities.In many Florida homes,as it can still play a role in a water- much as half of household water is used outdoors, conserving landscape.Plan practical ' mostly for lawn and garden irrigation.Despite turf areas where turf is most Florida's humid climate and abundant surface water functional in the landscape plan, bodies,water shortages do occur here.Demand can such as where children or pets will } overtake supply,and regional droughts force Floridians play,or for erosion control.In other to practice water conservation as a way of life. areas,consider more water-thrifty THE SEVEN STEPS OF XERISCAPE alternatives such as groundcovers or �• mulched walkways. The seven simple steps of Xeriscape landscaping 5.IRRIGATE EFFICIENTLY— have been used by landscape professionals for years. Group plants based on their water Here is an overview of the seven principles;details of each principle are given in the following pages. needs.Put moisture-loving plants in moist areas and plants that prefer 1.PLAN AND DESIGN—Make a sketch of the well-drained sites in drier areas. landscape site.Base the plan on site conditions, ` " ± Group together plants that may existing vegetation and topography—the natural need irrigation so that water is only # features of the land.Assess the area's growing used in limited areas.Irrigate only conditions and think through intended uses of the when plants need water or when landscape.Landscapes are dynamic,so include rain is inadequate.Use the right elements of growth,time and change in your plan. irrigation system,proper sprinkler 2.OBTAIN A SOIL ANALYSIS—Determine the soil head and spacing for each area. composition,from sandy to clay,and test for the pH 6.USE MULCH—Mulch helps of the soil—its level of acidity or alkalinity.This hold moisture in the soil,moderate information will help you decide which plants are temperature,slowly release best suited to the conditions of your yard. nutrients,reduce weed growth 3.CHOOSE PROPER PLANTS—When choosing and slow erosion.Spread mulch new plants,match each spot in your landscape with 2 to 4 inches thick,around shrubs and trees and on plants that thrive in the specific conditions of that flower beds,but be sure to keep mulch from coming spot.Look for plants known to be resistant to disease into direct contact with plant stems. and pests.Consider each plant's mature height and 7.PERFORM PROPER MAINTENANCE—Keep width,its need for sun,shade,soil and water,and its plants healthy.Too much water and fertilizer tolerance to salt or temperature.To find your plant promote weak growth,as well as increase pruning temperature hardiness zone,please refer to the map on and mowing requirements. Remove weeds by hand the inside front cover.Preserve as many existing trees before they get established and crowd out the plants and shrubs as possible,if they're healthy and if the you want.Watch for pests and make sure they're truly root systems are not significantly impacted by a problem before waging war,then do it organically construction.Appropriately placed Native vegetation whenever possible. 3 Page 79 of 220 Agenda Item #4. Plan and Design — Step 1 will be developed based on space requirements for Whether you are developing a new Xeriscape each activity. landscape or renovating an existing landscape,proper The public area is the highly visible area that most planning and design are important.Think about the visitors see,such as the entry to the home.In a various areas of your landscape in terms of how they traditional landscape,this area typically receives the should be developed for different uses and how much most care,including the most water.Therefore,the space you should allot to each area. careful design of this area is important for water As you plan each area,consider several different conservation.It is possible to design this area to arrangements.For example,is a fence,wall or hedge require minimal water and maintenance without more appropriate for screening and/or security?How sacrificing quality or appearance. much space is needed for active recreation,a garden The private area of the landscape,usually the or for patio entertaining?Only after these decisions backyard,is where most outdoor activity occurs.It is are made should you begin thinking about what generally the family gathering area.It may also include plants to use. a vegetable garden or fruit trees.The landscape in this area needs to be functional,attractive and durable,but BEGIN WITH A BASE MAP it also should be designed to require less water than A base map is a plan of your property drawn to the public area of the landscape. scale on graph paper showing the location of the The service area is the working or utility area of house,its orientation to the sun,other structures on the landscape,an area usually screened from view the site,unusual features and existing vegetation. and containing such items as garbage cans,outdoor Accuracy in the base map will help you determine if equipment,air-conditioning units or doghouse.In your site will accommodate all of your plans.Later,it terms of routine maintenance,this area would be will help determine the quantity of any construction designed to require the least care and water of the materials and plants needed. three areas. Next,lay a sheet of tracing paper over the base map and label it"Site Analysis."Use arrows to ESTABLISH WATER-USE ZONES indicate the direction of desirable views you want to In addition to dividing the landscape into use areas, emphasize and any undesirable views you want to a Xeriscape plan further divides the landscape into screen.Use arrows to indicate the drainage patterns three water-use zones:high or oasis(regular of the property,including any low spots or eroded Watering),moderate or drought-tolerant(occasional areas.Make plans to correct potential drainage watering) and low or natural(rainfall watering).See problems before planting.This may require re- figure 2. There may be several of these zones within an grading,bringing in additional soil,building individual landscape.High water-use zones,or oasis retaining walls or shaping terraces.Any changes in zones,are highly visible,high maintenance areas of the the existing landscape should be subtle so that the landscape,such as the area around the patio where natural character of the landscape is retained. plants are watered regularly in the absence of rainfall. In the moderate water-use zones,established plants are PLAN FOR DIFFERENT USE AREAS watered only when they wilt or show other symptoms To begin your Xeriscape plan,overlay the base of moisture stress. map of your property and site analysis sheet with In the low water-use zones,plants are watered by another piece of tracing paper.On this sheet indicate natural rainfall and would not be irrigated.For the public,private and service areas of your greatest water conservation,design as much of your landscape.See figure 1.Consider how these areas landscape as possible into low water-use zones.Most 4 Page 80 of 220 Agenda Item #4. people are surprised to learn that the majority of Now,add a new overlay of tracing paper to the our woody ornamental trees and shrubs,turfgrasses, base map and sketch your desired water-use zones. some herbaceous perennials and even some annuals The landscape is beginning to take shape and you grow well in low water-use zones where they need no can visualize the form of the various beds,but irrigation once they are established. construction materials and plants have not yet Expect a slight loss of quality during extended dry been identified. periods,but don't be alarmed.Many plants will literally shut down during drought and cease growing. DEVELOP A MASTER PLAN Bahia grass will go dormant and turn brown during Once you have settled on a design scheme and a drought,then bounce back with the first rains. water management arrangement,give form and Learning to accept this"less than perfect"appearance definition to the various spaces in your plan.With during dry periods is one of the most difficult the identification of planting spaces as well as edging concepts to overcome in any landscape. materials,groundcovers and paving,the Master Plan begins to take form.This is a plan showing the final One exception to the water zone rule is newly product of your efforts.Straight lines or smooth planted ornamental plants and turfgrasses.These plants require regular irrigation during the flowing curves are best—tight curves or unnecessary establishment period (30 to 60 days) regardless of bends can be maintenance problems.Use right angles their intended water-use zone. or gentle curves,and avoid acute angles that are difficult to maintain and irrigate.Remember that MODERATE WATER U5E LOW WATER U5E PRIVATE AREA HIGH WATER U5E MODERATE PATIO 00 0 0-41ft WATER USE MODERATE WATER U5E 5ERVICE AREA RESIDENCE RESIDENCE HIGH WATER U5E DRIVEWAY PUBLIC AREA LOW WATER USE STREET Figure 1 The basic use area of a typical Figure 2 Diagram of water use zones of property residential lot 5 Page 81 of 220 Agenda Item #4. simplicity in the design will ensure easy maintenance Obtain a Soil Analysis — Step 2 and water-use efficiency.A prototype Master Plan is INSPECT YOUR SOIL shown in figure 3. A thorough analysis of both the physical and FIT PLANTS TO THE DESIGN chemical characteristics of the soil is important when developing a waterwise landscape.Each soil has its Once you achieve the style and overall effect you own unique structure and texture,drainage pattern, desire,it is time to select plants to fill the assigned pH,nutrient content and need for amendments and spaces.It is very important to select plants that fertilizer.To complicate matters,there may be several complement and accent the good features of the different soil types within an individual landscape,or architecture and construction materials rather than the soil may consist of fill dirt brought onto the site. overpower them. Soils are seldom perfect,and most of them can be Group plantings to conform to the shape of plant improved in some way to ensure best plant growth. beds.Avoid rigid or formal,geometric plantings as much as possible. SOIL ANALYSIS SAVES GUESSWORK Place plants at the proper spacing in the landscape Before landscaping,take a soil sample to your to ensure easy maintenance and more efficient use of County Cooperative Extension Service for testing. water.It is extremely important to space plants far enough apart so they can achieve their mature size DON'T ADD ORGANIC MATTER TO THE PLANTING HOLE FOR TREES AND SHRUBS without being crowded. For years,we have added organic matter like peat Select plants that have sizes and forms that moss,animal manure or compost to the planting conform to their location without having to be hole to enrich the soil,to conserve moisture and to sheared or frequently pruned to keep them in bounds. improve plant growth.But recent research shows no Choose plants with the same shapes and ultimate benefit from amending the planting hole.In fact, sizes as the space you want them to fill. organic matter added to individual planting holes in soil acts like a sponge in a bathtub,holding excess moisture around plant roots after irrigation or rainfall.Waterlogged soils that suffocate plant roots rrvy 5ymbole are a leading cause of plant death.Even in well "' Existing Hardwood drained sandy soils,organic matter encourages the �l`J41 p Pnrlo roots of plants to stay within the hole instead of J Existing Conifer = growing out to explore the native soil. COMP051TE PILE& 0 0(:3Shrub 3 POTTING BENCH When planting individual trees and shrubs,dig a Hedge MULCH large planting hole at least two times wider than the Groundcover RESIDENCE \ root ball of the plant. See figure 4. Research at the Proposed Hardwood University of Florida shows that plants transplanted O Proposed Conifer ° o into a large planting hole get established more quickly and develop a significantly larger root system Flowering Shrub �t o+ a o ° , than those in a small hole no larger than the root Fence n is Annuals&Herbaceous _ ball.A large,extensive root mass improves the plant's - LLIJ Perennials � I } _ _ ability to absorb moisture from the soil and helps the plant survive drought. Figure 3 Master Plan for incorporating Xeriscape principles. Next,make certain the top of the root ball is level Note how the character of this landscape is very similar to that of a traditional landscape. or slightly above the soil surface,then backfill with 6 Page 82 of 220 Agenda Item #4. the same soil removed from the hole.Do not add amendments to the hole.Simply backfill with the native soil after removing stones,sticks and other debris.Tamp the soil lightly to eliminate air pockets. MULCH Water thoroughly,and then add an organic mulch to conserve moisture. When planting a group of shrubs,cultivate the -E soil throughout the area as deeply as possible. eft Cultivation changes the structure of the native soil 4fC and provides a good environment for growth. Figure 4 Diagram of properly planted shrub.Proper planting is the key to healthy root growth and drought IMPROVE THE STRUCTURE OF POOR SOILS tolerance of trees and shrubs. Certain native soils such as dense,poorly drained clays silts have such poor structure that plant growth Also,design turf in practical shapes that can be suffers unless they are improved.Poorly drained soils efficiently irrigated and maintained.The shape of a can be improved in several ways. Sometimes deep turf area has a direct impact on water use and waste. cultivation will break apart a hard layer of soil Long,narrow strips of turf are hard to water (hardpan) several inches below the soil surface and efficiently.Turf areas of the same size that are square improve drainage. or rounded are practical.As irrigated space is On the other hand,sandy soils that tend to dry reduced,water savings increase. out rapidly and hold little moisture will benefit from Choose Proper Plants — Step 3 organic matter such as aged animal manure or Choose plants that can survive on normal rainfall compost incorporated uniformly throughout the in your area or that require minimal irrigation. planting bed.This is particularly helpful when plants Existing native plant communities are an example of requiring water,such as annuals,are to be grown. the"right plant in the right place:'There are also However,instead of adding the organic matter to the non-native plants cultivated specifically for Florida planting hole,apply 3 to 6 inches on the soil surface conditions that are water-efficient and resistant to and incorporate it into the soil using a rotary tiller. disease and pests.However,there are also some plants When selecting plants for a Xeriscape landscape, that do too well because they don't have any natural keep in mind this important fact: It is not the plants balances in the Florida environment,and they we select that save water,but our ability to locate become highly invasive.These plants have no place in them in the landscape appropriately and to manage a Xeriscape landscape. them properly that determines their water needs. And remember,the success of your Xeriscape Any ornamental plant or turfgrass presently on landscape depends as much on where you locate the market can be used in a Xeriscape-type landscape. plants as on what plants you use.Plant it smart! In fact,you may be surprised to learn just how many Learn each plants plants can thrive without any supplemental water •Mature size (height and width) once they are established.The key is to identify the • Sun and shade requirements water needs of the plant you select,then group it in • Soil needs the landscape with other plants having similar needs •Water needs for water.By doing this,supplemental irrigation can • Salt and cold tolerances be applied most efficiently to those plants that Match these factors with your soil and require it.The result is maximum water conservation. climatic conditions. 7 Page 83 of 220 Agenda Item #4. DO YOU NEED SALT-TOLERANT PLANTS? Many areas in Florida have salt prevalent in the air and the water.This is particularly true near the coast and salt marshes.Salt can even find its way into wells. Exposure to salt may severely damage or kill some plants so if necessary,choose plants that can tolerate ,. such exposure.Salt is alkaline,so a plant's tolerance ` for salt indicates its tolerance to alkalinity. Where does this salt originate?Homes near the beach experience salt spray,with stiff winds blowing , fine particles of salt and sand onto plants.Different plants can take varying degrees of this salt exposure. Some can't tolerate it at all. Irrigation water may also be salty,or saline.In Coastal scrub some areas,the water taken from the ground is naturally high in salt.Other areas suffer from MARITIME FORESTS—Soil pH moderately alkaline saltwater intrusion,where salt water moves to neutral;sandy with some shell.Gumbo limbo,bay underground into freshwater aquifers due to and oak trees are found in maritime forests. overpumping of the aquifer.If the salinity level in Pine Flatwoods irrigation water is too high,the water can kill plants. The most common plant community in Florida. Also,be aware that some household water treatment Acidic,sandy soil with a hardpan layer 1-3 feet below. systems add salt to the water to remove iron or other Slash pines,gallberry and grasses are common in minerals.Don't use this water for plants. pine flatwoods. Use this guide and consult a plant specialist to Sandhills determine if a plant is salt-tolerant.If you suspect salt High pinelands of open longleaf pine with problems,have your water tested for salt content. wiregrass,shrubs or turkey oaks. The diverse South Florida landscape includes various plant communities.Different plant Hardwood Forests communities often converge gradually in what are Hardwood forests occur in patches in temperate called ecotones—regions where one ecosystem areas of Florida.The soils are acidic and sandy. blends into another.Sometimes pockets of one UPLAND MIXED FORESTS—Occur throughout community are surrounded by another. Florida's northern panhandle region on upland Observing the differences in ecotones can help clay soils.Magnolia,beech,oak and maple trees are determine differences in home landscapes and guide found here. plant selection for microclimates throughout UPLAND MESIC HARDWOOD FORESTS— the landscape. Oak-hickory to pine-oak-hickory;range through central to west-central Florida on rich upland soils FLORIDA'S PLANT COMMUNITIES and clay hills.Sweetbay,holly and oaks are common Coastal Uplands in this community. BEACH DUNE SYSTEMS—Alkaline to neutral soils of coarse sand and shell;well drained,with some salt Forests of Abundant Cabbage Palms content Sea oats,sea grapes and dune sunflowers are Sand over marl;flat hammocks of cabbage palms a few examples of beach dune plants. and live oaks;rarely flooded. 8 Page 84 of 220 Agenda Item #4. Rocklands The uplands of southern peninsular Florida and WHAT TO PLANT the Keys with diverse tropical trees and plants. Plant lists should be generated for the different PINE ROCKLANDS—Porous limestone with sandy areas of the landscape based on growing conditions humus and marl;good drainage.Pine and palmettos and desired characteristics. dominate with numerous rare plants. Plantings should be placed with consideration for TROPICAL HARDWOOD HAMMOCKS—Alkalinechanges which will take place over time.In natural limestone with moist humus.A range of understory plant communities,these changes are called plants and a diverse canopy including bromeliads, succession.Succession is the evolution of plants orchids and ferns. starting out,maturing,being replaced by other plants and eventually developing to a climax,or a balanced, Prairies mature ecosystem. DRY PRAIRIES—Similar to pine flatwoods without In most landscapes,succession is halted by the pine overstory;dry prairies occur in central to deliberate maintenance practices.Yet plants tend to west central Florida.Scrub oaks,saw palmetto and strive toward succession. By planning for each plant's wiregrass are common in dry prairies. mature state,a dynamic landscape can be planned to WET PRAIRIES—Herbaceous plants dominate with include natural changes. sparse woody species;often inundated.Sawgrass, When plants are first put into a landscape,the slash pines and wax myrtle are found in wet prairies. area should look unfinished as the landscape must Scrub be given space and time to grow.Plan to replace Includes Florida's rarest plants and animals.Soils sun-loving plants with shade-tolerant plants as the sandy,infertile and well-drained. Sand pine,oaks and larger elements in the landscape,such as trees and rosemary can be found in scrub areas. shrubs,grow and create shade. SCRUB CYPRESS—South Florida community with Many so-called shrub species are actually 20-foot thin marl soils over limestone;scrub pond cypress with multi-trunked trees.Select plant species that will grasses and sedges. mature to a height and width that will fit the location. Cypress Swamp Forests Inundated most of the year,with epiphytes growing in the cypress canopy,and ferns and aquatic •, �: $tea ' plants growing among cypress knees below. . Wetland Forests SWAMP FOREST—Usually inundated stands of ' cypress,maples,hickory and ash. ,a� HYnRIC HAMMOCK—Occasionally flooded with „ - ,, t +, 4r-IL �i evergreens,maples,water oaks,elms and palms. Coastal Saline Wetlands COASTAL SALTWATER MARSHES—Grasses and rushes i aY dominate;mostly north and west. „ .' `_'A. MANGROVE swAMPs—Central and southern coasts s . with heavy muck created by leaf litter and alternate "r 4 "`� flooding and draining.Mangroves,buttonwood and sea oxeye daisy thrive in mangrove swamps. Cypress swamp 9 Page 85 of 220 Agenda Item #4. If you want a shrub that only grows 2-4 feet tall,find Use Turf Wisely — Step 4 a dwarf variety or use ornamental bunch grasses or Grass can be a practical part of your landscape flowering perennials like pentas and scarlet milkweed. in the right place,for example,in a play area for PLANTING FOR EFFICIENT WATER USE children.Follow these simple tips for a healthy lawn Group plants in appropriate conditions according and to reduce maintenance: to their water needs.If plant placement is done •ADD ORGANIC MATTER. This improves water correctly,once plants are established little to no retention of the soil and turf health. supplemental irrigation will be necessary. • GO LIGHT ON THE PERTILIZER.Fertilization However,when plantings need supplemental stimulates growth and increases water needs.If you watering,choose the right irrigation heads.Turf areas do fertilize,use allow-release nitrogen product. and planting beds should always be in separate These products won't be washed away like liquid or irrigation zones.This separation allows for different fast-release fertilizers,which can contaminate irrigation schedules and different irrigation heads, waterways through stormwater or irrigation runoff. such as pop-ups for turf,or drip heads for individual specimen plants such as shrubs or perennials. •LEAVE SHORT GRASS CLIPPINGS WHERE THEY FALL WHEN You Mow.This reduces the lawn's need for both water NATURAL ZONE—In this area,place plants that have and fertilizer.However,remove thick patches of adapted to the wet and dry extremes of Florida's clippings,which will decay and kill the grass. climate so that regular watering (once plants are established)won't be necessary,except during •RISE TO NEW HEIGHTS.That is,raise the height of prolonged drought. your lawn mower blades to the highest setting.When you mow the grass,remove no more than one-third DROUGHT-TOLERANT ZONE—In this area,place plants of the leaf blade.Cutting grass shorter than this may that can survive extended periods of time without stress the grass and may also decrease the depth to rain or supplemental irrigation. which roots will grow,increasing the need for water. OASIS ZONE—In the oasis zone,usually a small area, Most St.Augustine grass and bahia grass varieties colorful ornamental plants may be chosen that may should not be mowed below 3 inches in height. require extra water or care. •KEEP A SHARP CUTTING EDGE.When lawn mower blades Plants native to Florida can play a very dependable are sharp,they give a clean cut.Grass torn and shredded role in the landscape.Many of Florida's plants have by dull blades suffers stress,requiring more water. evolved through periods of extreme wet and then dry weather,so they survive through drought and don't get •CONSIDER ALTERNATIVES TO GRASS.Grass can be a useful root rot standing in water.They have also developed plant.Use grass in areas where children or pets play,or defenses to the diseases,fungi and insects found in for erosion control.In low-use areas,consider drought- Florida.Many tolerate the high winds that occur tolerant plant beds,groundcovers,mulch,walkways or during tropical storms and hurricanes. other alternatives that require little or no water. Strive to establish a yard that is largely sustained Irrigate Efficiently — Step 5 by existing conditions,then if specialty plantings such as vegetables or roses are desired,a more labor- PROPER DESIGN IS IMPORTANT.The installation of and resource-intensive planting bed can be created in an efficient sprinkler system begins with good design. one or two areas. The system must be capable of applying water Remember,the overriding guidance should be to uniformly over the desired area with a minimum of put the right plant in the right place. over-spray into adjacent areas. 10 Page 86 of 220 P Agenda It9m #4. - 71 or tuna cans is a measure of the output of the system ti (in/hr).Repeat this procedure in each sprinkler zone, particularly if different types of sprinklers are used on different zones. Fd ADJUST SPRINKLER HEADS AS NEEDED. Improper adjustment of sprinkler heads not only wastes water but also may damage buildings or cause accidents if the water is allowed to spray onto buildings,public streets or sidewalks. Carefully adjust the radius and arc of part-circle sprinklers to prevent undesirable over-spray.Check the system several times during the year to ensure proper adjustment. - OPERATE SPRINKLERS BETWEEN 4 P.M.AND 10 A.M. Time of application affects water-use efficiency.The best time to irrigate with sprinklers is between 4 p.m. ' T and 10 a.m.since the least amounts of sunlight and evaporation occur during these hours. CHECK THE APPLICATION RATE OF YOUR GUIDELINES FOR IRRIGATING THE LANDSCAPE SPRINKLER SYSTEM.Application rate is the rate at AN AUTOMATIC CONTROLLER CAN HELP TO which a sprinkler system applies water to the soil SAVE WATER.An automatic controller attached to the surface,measured in inches per hours (in/hr).If irrigation system turns the system on and off and application rates exceed the absorption capacity of controls the water flow through the various zones the soil,then runoff occurs.Problems with runoff are according to a pre-set time clock.It allows you to set more likely to occur in clay soils that have a low the length of time each zone operates as well as the intake capacity. days of the week and time of day the system operates. Rotary sprinklers usually have application rates of However,an automatic controller does not relieve 0.25 to 0.50 inches per hour and rarely cause runoff. you of the need to closely monitor its operation. Spray heads,on the other hand,typically have Controllers should be re-programmed frequently application rates between 1 and 2 inches per hour and during the growing season because water needs may cause runoff on heavy soils,especially where change from week to week. slopes are greater than 10 percent.If runoff occurs, A rainfall sensor or rain switch attached to the turn the system off for an hour or two to let the water controller detects rainfall and prevents the irrigation soak in,and then apply the remainder of the water. system from operating if Determine the application rate of a sprinkler significant rainfall has occurred. system by placing three or four rain gauges or empty Another type of sensor measures tuna cans at random on an irrigated area for a soil moisture and overrides the predetermined length of time (usually one hour).By system when soil moisture is knowing the application rates of your sprinkler adequate.Sensors are system,you will know how long to operate the system especially useful if the system to apply a given amount of water and will avoid cannot be monitored and wasting water.Average water level within the gauges adjusted regularly. 11 Page 87 of 220 Agenda Item #4. winter season when temperatures are cooler,it is usually adequate to irrigate only once per week or less. NEVER WATER GRASS DAILY EXCEPT DURING ESTABLISHMENT.Daily irrigation with a Small amount of water encourages a shallow root system and =F reduced drought tolerance as shown in figure 5.Since roots generally grow where the soil is moist,a shallow 1 root system also prevents efficient uptake of plant nutrients.Shallow,frequent irrigation increases evaporative water loss from the soil. Use Mulch — Step 6 Mulching is one of the most beneficial landscape practices.Mulches conserve moisture by preventing evaporative water loss from the soil surface and Mulched beds conserve soil moisture and add design interest reducing the need for supplemental irrigation during to this bed of viburnum and crown of thorns. periods of limited rainfall.By maintaining an even moisture supply in the soil,mulches prevent There are many different types of controllers on fluctuations in soil moisture that can damage roots. the market.Make sure you get one with the features Mulches also prevent crusting of the soil surface you need.When managed properly,an automatic and allow water to penetrate readily to plant roots. controller can pay for itself in reduced water usage, They insulate the roots of plants from summer heat cost and labor. and winter cold and help control weeds that compete HANDWATERING IS NOT JUST FOR NEWLY PLANTED with plants for moisture.By serving as a barrier ORNAMENTAL PLANTS. It is also an effective and between the plant and soil,mulches help discourage efficient way of applying water to selected plants soil-borne diseases that stress plants and cause them that show signs of stress during dry periods.The to have a higher demand for water. direct application of water to the base of the plant, Islands of mulch beds designed to blend with provided it is applied slowly enough to be absorbed the landscape are an economical way to retrofit an by the soil,uses less water and is more efficient than existing landscape by reducing water needs and sprinkler irrigation. maintenance requirements.Aside from occasional KNOW WHEN AND HOW TO IRRIGATE TURFGRASS. weed control and topdressing with additional mulch, Turf under water stress will appear a dull bluish implanted mulched areas require no water and little green color,the leaf blades will roll inward,and routine maintenance. footprints will remain on the grass after walking over Pine straw,melaleuca mulch,recycled yard waste an area. and shredded hardwood mulch or chips are some of Under optimum growing conditions (high water- the best mulches for a waterwise landscape.These use zone),turfgrasses use 1 to 1 1/2 inches of water per fine-textured mulches hold moisture in the soil better week during hot,dry weather.It is usually best to than course-textured mulches like large-nugget pine divide this amount into two applications per week bark.They also are non-matting and allow water, applying 1/2 to 3/4 inch each time.Never apply more nutrients and oxygen to freely penetrate to plant roots. than 1/2 to 3/4 inch at a time as this will likely result in Inorganic mulches,on the other hand,such as runoff or deep percolation below the root zone.In the rock,gravel and marble absorb and re-radiate heat 12 Page 88 of 220 Agenda Item #4. from the sun and increase water loss from plants and soil. Table I compares commonly used mulches on the market today.Cypress mulch is not recommended in order to protect natural cypress wetlands. Apply approximately 3 inches of mulch under ornamental plants in the landscape.Avoid applying too much mulch because it encourages shallow roots that are easily damaged by excessive cold,heat or drought. Where possible,extend the mulched area two to three times beyond the canopy spread of ornamental trees and shrubs.Research shows that the roots of ornamental plants grow far beyond the canopy spread,so it is important to mulch as large an area Figure 5 The healthy, deep-rooted gross on the left as practical. results from proper irrigation. The weak,shallow- Once mulch is in place,use your hand to pull it rooted grass on the right results from light, frequent irrigation. back 2 to 3 inches away from the trunk of trees and shrubs.Keeping mulch away from the trunk will help prevent wood rotting diseases. FERTILIZE LESS AND USE SLOW-RELEASE FERTILIZERS. During periods of limited rainfall,make certain Many common commercial fertilizers are known sufficient mulch is maintained beneath plants.If by their analysis number,such as 16-4-8, 10-10-10 or watering restrictions prevent you from irrigating, 6-6-6.A complete fertilizer contains nitrogen, mulches will help conserve the soil's remaining moisture. phosphorus and potassium.The numbers indicate Newspapers placed under organic mulches the percentage of each of these nutrients.A 16-4-8 improve water conservation in the soil and provide grade,for example,contains 16 percent nitrogen,4 effective recycling.Place them on the soil surface percent available phosphorus,and 8 percent soluble under organic mulch at planting time. potassium.Purchase a fertilizer with nitrogen in slow-release form. Slow-release type fertilizers last Perform Proper Maintenance — Step 7 longer by releasing nutrients gradually,in some cases A Xeriscape landscape is a low-maintenance for an entire season with one application.Also,they landscape.By working smarter,not harder,in the do not leach from the soil or wash away in runoff as landscape,you'll save time,energy and water without readily as all-purpose fertilizers. sacrificing the beauty of the environment. COMMONLY USED MULCHES MULCH SOURCE DURABILITY SUBSIDENCE HIGH IN MAINTAINS MAINTAINS NUTRIENTS PH COLOR eucalyptus plantations poor good poor good poor melaleuca degraded good good poor good good wetlands pine bark by-product good good poor good fair pine straw pine good poor fair poor poor plantations recycled various good fair good good good cypress Not recommended in order to protect natural cypress wetlands. Table 1 Attributes of suggested mulches 13 Page 89 of 220 Agenda Item #4. H PROPER MOWING SAVES WATER.Mow at the recommended height(table 2).Keep blade sharp and - , - mow often enough so that no more than one-third of �y the leaf blade is removed at each mowing.Research shows that raising the mower blade during dry r —ITMOMweather and cutting the grass higher encourages deeper rooting,increases turf survival during drought and reduces water demand. f Avoid scalping and stressing the grass and make certain mower blade is sharp at all times. Always check the application rate on the label. PRUNING.If a plant is placed in the right location The label usually suggests an application rate for and given enough room to mature,pruning should optimum growth.This application rate is ideal for be minimal.Prune to retain the natural shape,or structure,of trees and shrubs and to promote or newly planted ornamental plants and turfgrasses to encourage healthy new growth and plant maintain strong structure.Less pruning is usually establishment.However,once plants are established, better because pruning is stressful to a tree or shrub, the recommended application rate of fertilizer can be which causes it to require more water.Also,pruning reduced without sacrificing quality or appearance. at the wrong time of the year can stress plants. This reduction in application rate is particularly Your County Cooperative Extension Service has important before and during dry periods.A good information on how and when to make proper rule of thumb on established plants is to cut in half pruning cuts for each type of plant. the rate recommended on the package. Leaving grass clippings on turfgrass at each mowing supplies the grass with recycled nutrients and reduces the need for supplemental fertilizer.This does not promote thatch (a spongy condition of the turf).Thatch results from an accumulation of grass stems,shoots and roots,not clippings.By leaving h r cuttings on your lawn,as much as one-third of the nutrients applied to your lawn can be recycled. l:S- - T 1 TURFGRASS MOWING HEIGHT (inches) Centipede 1 to 1.5 - - •' ' Bermuda 1 to 2 Hybrid Bermuda 0.5 to 1.5 St.Augustine 2 to 3 Table 2 Mowing heights for turfgrasses - 14 Page 90 of 220 Agenda Item #4. PLANTS NOT RECOMMENDED FOR LANDSCAPING The problem with invasive,exotic plants is that survived outside cultivation.And,of those,only they spread from managed landscapes into Florida's 63 species are currently thought to be invading and natural areas.These plants crowd out native plants disrupting native plant communities.This is less than and stress the habitats that support Florida's one percent of all introduced plants. threatened and endangered species of plants and animals.Melaleuca,Brazilian peppertree,water SO WHICH PLANTS ARE OK? hyacinth and kudzu are well known pests that cost Some of the plants on the FLEPPC list are still the state millions of dollars annually to control.Not commercially available.Some are already prohibited as well known are some ornamental plants that from propagation by federal or state laws,and others also spread into Florida's waterways,parks and are under review and may or may not be prohibited natural areas. in the future.Talk to your local extension agent and This guide includes a list of plants not conduct your own research in making your decisions. recommended for landscaping because they have The nursery industry offers alternative plants and shown their abilities to invade natural areas.The non-invasive varieties of some of the species known list is maintained by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant to spread into natural areas.Availability of these Council(FLEPPC),an organization comprised of plants is noted in this plant guide where applicable professional botanists,environmental scientists,park and known. rangers and land managers.The list is updated every COULD SOME PLANTS CAUSE PROBLEMS FOR two years based on observations and documented NATURAL AREAS IN THE FUTURE? records of pest plants'spread and reproduction in Only extensive research should guide legal Florida's natural areas.It is posted at the FLEPPC prohibition of any plant. Consideration may include web site (www.fleppc.org). Some of the plants on the both ecological and economic impacts.The fact that FLEPPC list are prohibited from possession,sale or some plants may become invasive only in certain cultivation by federal,state or local laws. habitats or regions adds to the complexity of this The South Florida Water Management District, issue.Consensus regarding the invasiveness of plants along with other agencies,battles invasive plants produced by Florida's nursery growers is sought in waters and lands managed for the protection of through ongoing dialogues between the plant public resources.The District encourages the public industry,regulators,academia and natural to learn about the problems posed by these plants areas managers. and use this knowledge to wisely choose landscape Information on distribution of plants found in plants.The District does not recommend the use of Florida may be found at the University of South invasive plants for landscaping. Florida Center for Systematic Botany web site— http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu/.Because plant ARE ALL NON-NATIVE PLANTS BAD FOR OUR distributions and our understanding of their impacts ENVIRONMENT? No.In fact,most non-native plants used in may change over time,the information in the above our Florida landscapes do not spread into the web site and the FLEPPC most invasive plants list are environment.While more than 10,000 non-native updated periodically.The information provided here plants are estimated to have been purposely or was updated in 2003.Be sure to check for the most accidentally brought into Florida,only 1,200 have current information. 15 Page 91 of 220 Agenda Item #4. FLORIDA EXOTIC PEST PLANT COUNCIL 2003 UST OF CATEGORY I (MOST INVASIVE) SPECIES Scientific Name Common Name Government Regional List Distribution Abrus precatorius rosary pea C,S Acacia auriculiformis earleaf acacia S Albizia julibrissin mimosa,silk tree N,C Albizia lebbeck woman's tongue C,S Ardisia crenata(=A. crenulata) coral ardisia N,C Ardisia elliptica (=A. humilis) shoebutton ardisia S Asparagus densiflorus asparagus-fern C,S Bauhinia variegata orchid tree C,S Bischofia javanica bischofia C,S Calophyllum antillanum(=C. calaba; santa maria, S C.inophyllum misapplied) mastwood,Alexandrian laurel Casuarina equisetifolia Australian pine P N,C,S Casuarina glauca suckering Australian pine P C,S Cinnamomum camphora camphor-tree N,C,S Colocasia esculenta wild taro N,C,S Colubrina asiatica lather leaf S Cupaniopsis anacardioides carrotwood N C,S Dioscorea alata winged yam N N,C,S Dioscorea bulbifera air-potato N N,C,S Eichhornia crassipes water-hyacinth P N,C,S Eugenia uniflora Surinam cherry C,S Ficus microcarpa(E nitida and E laurel fig C,S retusa var.nitida misapplied) Hydrilla verticillata hydrilla P,U N,C,S Hygrophila polysperma green hygro P,U N,C,S Hymcnachne amplexicaulis West Indian marsh grass C,S Imperata cylindrica cogon grass N,U N,C,S (I.brasiliensis misapplied) Ipomoea aquatica waterspinach P,U C,S Jasminum dichotomum Gold Coast jasmine C,S Jasminum fluminense Brazilian jasmine C,S Lantana camara lantana,shrub verbena N,C,S Ligustrum lucidum glossy privet N,C Ligustrum sinense Chinese privet,hedge privet N,C,S Lonicera japonica Japanese honeysuckle N,C,S Lygodium japonicum Japanese climbing fern N N,C,S Lygodium microphyllum Old World climbing fern N C,S Macfadyena unguis-cati cat's claw vine N,C,S Manilkara zapota sapodilla S Melaleuca quinquenervia melaleuca,paper bark P,N,U C,S Melia azedarach Chinaberry N,C,S Mimosa pigra catclaw mimosa P,N,U C,S Nandina domestica nandina,heavenly bamboo N,C Nephrolepis cordifolia sword fern N,C,S Nephrolepis multiflora Asian sword fern C,S Neyraudia reynaudiana Burma reed;cane grass N S Paederia cruddasiana sewer vine,onion vine N S Paederia foetida skunk vine N N,C,S Panicum repens torpedo grass N,C,S 16 Page 92 of 220 Agenda Item #4. FLORIDA EXOTIC PEST PLANT COUNCIL 2003 UST OF CATEGORY I (MOST INVASIVE) SPECIES Scientific Name Common Name Government Regional List Distribution Pennisetum purpureum Napier grass C,S Pistia stratiotes water lettuce P N,C,S Psidium cattleianum (P. littorale) strawberry guava C,S Psidium guajava guava C,S Pueraria montana(—R lobata) kudzu N,U N,C,S Rhodomyrtus tornentosa downy rose-myrtle N C,S Rhoeo spathacea(see Tradescantia spathacea) Ruellia brittoniana Mexican petunia N,C,S Sapium sebiferum popcorn tree,Chinese tallow tree N N,C,S Scaevola sericea(=Scaevola Scaevola,half-flower,beach naupaka C,S taccada var.sericea,S.frutescens) Schefflera actinophylla schefflera, C,S (—Brassaia actinophylla) Queensland umbrella tree Schinus terebinthifolius Brazilian pepper P,N N,C,S Senna pendula climbing cassia,Christmas cassia, C,S (=Cassia coluteoides) Christmas senna Solanum tampicense wetland night shade,aquatic soda apple N,U C,S (=S. houstonii) Solanum viarum tropical soda apple N,U N,C,S Syngonium podophyllum arrowhead vine C,S Syzygium cumini jambolan,Java plum C,S Tectaria incisa incised halberd fern S Thespesia popuhrea seaside mahoe C,S Tradescantia fluminensis white-flowered wandering jew N,C Tradescantia spathacea(—Rhoeo oyster plant S spathacea,Rhoeo discolor) Urochloa mutica(—Brachiaria mutica) Para grass C,S ABBREVIATIONS USED: Government list: Distribution: P—Prohibited by Fla.DEP N=North Florida N=Noxious weed list of Florida Dept.of Agriculture C=Central Florida and Consumer Services S=South Florida U=Noxious weed list of U.S.Dept.of Agriculture PLANT IT SMART that can be used in your water-wise Florida landscape. Incorporating non-invasive plants and Xeriscape Please do not plant non-indigenous,invasive plants principles into your landscape is easy and doesn't such as Australian pine,melaleuca or water hyacinth. require a large investment.By following these When non-indigenous and invasive plants escape they recommendations,you can soon turn your yard into a become biological invaders wreaking havoc on the thriving,waterwise landscape.But,most importantly, environment.The environmental and economic harm you can help protect our environment today—and caused by exotics is staggering,especially in South for generations to come—by conserving our most Florida where our tropical environment encourages valuable resource,water,and using plants that plants to quickly disperse into new areas.As a result, encourage rather than threaten natural Florida. our natural areas suffer from encroaching invasive On the following pages,you'll find lists,photos and plants that not only drive out native plants and descriptions of dozens of indigenous trees,shrubs, animals,but can also affect water flow in the groundcovers including flowers and grasses,and vines Everglades and the regional canal system. 17 Page 93 of 220 Agenda I effL#4. & \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ z ! \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ { \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ _ �: « - ■ .. � - 2 / � � �-JE )iEi 0 — \ )\ a \\ \ )} \\ \\ )\ \) Z \\ \} \\ \\ \\ \ \ J� / \ \ } } \ \ \ \ 8 \ \ \ \ ) \ |a & ■ ■ m & & ■ & & m ■ ■ m & ■ ■ a,2 � _ / _ 0 o _ _ o e o .0 o e o o _ _ o .0 -AjLw&dbmi }\ - \ t E / �)§} k{ ~ \ ` l �/ \ W W E U _ ! _ ( !) � �/ }] e J! }{ � . »k < io{ a u« aG ;3 \\ Aa a t/ \/ 0u !, _ £a Agenda lem#. 2 lo %42 \ � lb )\ \) \ ( - - , _ _ , � Z$ f= ,« ,_ J � - - : - 0 El 0 : El |a & & ■ & ■ ■ m & & m m & ■ m & m _ a� _ _ ■ _ ■ ■ _ _ _ _ _ _ ■ _ _ _ � �&� § \ \ \ j \ ) \ \ \ \ \ \ \ / � ) ( e .0 < < < < < e -6 \\ �J2} / § \ , _ , , _ , - t W EEz� \ \) J& j all )f ) % < /Em ■ )/ {) ° � -{ (^ ®! 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C7 F a G N c� ;1" •" 4 Z o._ a R 3 C7 o a c O v o c y E c o vrn �O �C �O OIL alp aC a'I� �nH cnQ v�i 1= �nU Nh 3ti YO NN° Agenda I em#4. a In 7F0-0 0 643 15E E c E E 3 2 � 3 Q Q zg io EL CD >a 9 T 'C Of 'C Of 'O 01 C 0 � 2 1 C v_ �V 0 3'9 Ga,I 42 432 w W -321 w �W a c ti y m O t7 Q C a E c E O1 E �i E o m — - .2�i Y - .��n } E �• `• } E > v'i E c E '� c d � o i U J �.O Y o O � `c a u o. = m N O ~ ~ Z v Y O) �2 Q C d a o a a o a a a o 0 0 0 0 2 = `o 0 3z Z xv 2 E S c C o .6 F o rn rn .6 a ��R� d � � 6 6� � o � awl o o a = p N Y] O y O W ` Rq � E'C Ede C �� WV Ca dN ti � WYV � [' RN OjG O Z VC Q > a m L V Q a J P `o c a uH z m� u9 ve u m 2 '>aa 1c� Agenda Iem#. ) : EP \ \ \ \ \ iE - - _ _ § r! /E ±E M M§ _ «§ _ - +§ �& k\ \\ \ )/ \/ )\ ){ }\ ){ )\ /{ }\ PI }\ ! %| m ■ ■ ■ & ■ ■ ■ ■ & ■ ■ ■ _ - &- |¥ { I ! k =$ 2 \2 ) } i 6- � « i L5 § �\ {/ . \ &! , { _ r 0 ) } \ j/ �&2} \ \{ \\ \ k ) } & } LU [ {] EE - Z z ■ 2 ` �� �/ ) ! (# \\ \ \ ) � �� �21 \\ \\ a J! 3\ \\ a Z) !\ ]\ }\ \\ 2# 3G Agenda Item #4. Glossary mesic—Moist conditions;characterized by a moderate amount of moisture. acid—A condition which is derived by partial exchange of replaceable hydrogen,an element that is microclimate—A small-scale site of special sour,on the pH scale;acid conditions are any pH conditions within a larger climate. below 7.0 which is neutral. oasis—A restricted area of the landscape where alkaline—The condition of water or soil that specimen or colorful plants are used,although they contains an amount of alkali substances (various may require more maintenance and water. soluble salts) to raise the pH above 7.0;when extreme,alkalinity is caustic. plat—A plan or map of a piece of land. aquifer—A layer of underground rock or sand potable—Water suitable for human consumption. which stores and carries water. practical turf area—A place where grass serves brackish—Somewhat salty. a function,such as a child's or pet's play area,or an area designed to receive stormwater runoff conserve—To use only what is needed. and pollution. deciduous—Losing foliage in autumn or winter. saline—Containing salt. ecotones—Regions where one ecosystem blends saltwater intrusion—When salt water moves into into another. the freshwater zone of an aquifer,making the water unfit for drinking. epiphyte—A plant that gets its moisture and nutrients from the air and rain. specimen planting—A plant located as a stand-alone highlight in a landscape design. groundcovers—Small plants that grow close to the ground. stormwater runoff—Rainwater that runs off surfaces into water bodies. groundwater—Water below the earth's surface. succession—A series of ecosystem changes where herbaceous—Having the texture,color or plants compete,succeeding and displacing each other appearance of a leaf,with little or no woody tissue. as they respond to,and so modify,their environment. humus—Decomposed plant or animal matter;the topography—Natural features of land. organic portion of soil. water table—The upper limit of where groundwater hydric—Characterized by abundant moisture. permeates the ground. inorganic—Composed of matter other than plant wetlands—Vegetated areas having high soil or animal. moisture year-round. leach—To pass through by percolation. xeric—Characterized by dry conditions;requiring only a small amount of moisture. marl—A loose,earthy deposit containing a substantial amount of calcium carbonate;used for soils deficient in lime. 76 Page 123 of 220 Agenda Item #4. Bibliography Marvell,Lewis S.Florida Fruit. Tampa,FL:Lewis Bailey,Liberty Hyde.Manual of Cultivated Plants. S.Marvell, 1967. New York,NY.Macmillan, 1949. McGeachy,Beth.Handbook of Florida Palms. Bell,C.Ritchie,and Bryan J.Taylor.Florida Wild St.Petersburg,FL: Great Outdoors PublishingCompany, 1977. Flowers and Roadside Plants. Chapel Hill,NC: Laurel Hill Press, 1982. Meerow,Alan W.Betrock's Guide to Landscape Betrock's Florida Plant Guide. Hollywood,FL: Palms. Hollywood,FL:Betrock Information Betrock Information Systems, 1996. Systems, 1992. Black,Robert J.,and Edward F. Gilman. Your Morton,Julia E Fruits of Warm Climates. Florida Guide to Bedding Plants:Selection, Winterville,NC: Creative Resource Systems, 1987. Establishment and Maintenance. Gainesville,FL: Myers,Ronald L.,and John J.Ewel,eds.Ecosystems University Press of Florida, 1997. of Florida. Orlando,FL: University of Central Brandies,Monica Moran.Herbs and Spices for Florida Press, 1991. Florida Gardens.Wayne,PA:B.B.Mackay Nelson,Gil. The Trees of Florida.Sarasota,FL: Books, 1996. Pineapple Press, 1994. Broschat,Timothy K.,and Alan W.Meerow. . The Shrubs and Woody Vines of Florida. Betrock's Reference Guide to Florida Landscape Sarasota,FL:Pineapple Press, 1996. Plants. Hollywood,FL:Betrock Information Systems, 1996. Osorio,Rufmo.A Gardener's Guide to Florida's Native Plants, Gainesville,FL:University Press of Dehgan,Bijan.Landscape Plants for Subtropical Florida,2001. Climates. Gainesville,FL:University Press of Florida, 1998. Shaefer,Joe,and George Tanner.Landscaping for Florida's Wildlife:Re-creating Native Ecosystems in Gilman,Edward F.Horticopia: Trees, Shrubs and Your Yard. Gainesville,FL:University Press, 1998. Groundcovers, 2d ed.CD-ROM.Purcellville,VA: Horticopia, 1998. Stresau,Frederic.Florida,My Eden.Port Salerno, .Horticopia:Perennials and Annuals,2d ed. FL:Florida Classics Library, 1986. CD-ROM.Purcellville,VA:Horticopia, 1998. Suncoast Native Plant Society. The Right Plants for Dry Places:Native Plant Landscaping in Central Gilman,Edward E,and Robert J.Black. Your Florida.St.Petersburg,FL: Great Outdoors Florida Guide to Shrubs. Gainesville,FL: University Publishing Company, 1997. Press of Florida, 1999. Taylor,Walter Kingsley. The Guide to Florida Haehle,Robert G.,and Joan Brookwell.Native Wildflowers. Dallas,TX: Taylor Publishing Florida Plants.Houston,TX: Gulf Publishing Company, 1992. Company, 1999. Florida Wildflowers in Their Natural Hammer,Roger L.Everglades Wildflowers:A Communities. Gainesville,FL:University Press of Fieldguide to Wildflowers of the Historic Everglades, Florida, 1998. Including Big Cypress, Corkscrew and Fakahatchee. Guilford,CT:Globe Pequot Press,2002. Wade,Gary,and James T.Midcap,et al.Xeriscape: roud,eds.Xeric A Guide to Developing a Water-Wise Landscape. Jameson,Michael,and Richard Mo Y Athens,GA:Cooperative Extension Service-The Landscaping With Florida Native Plants.Association University of Georgia College of Agricultural and of Florida Native Nurseries, 1991. Environmental Sciences and The Georgia Water Langeland,K.A.,and K.Craddock Burks,eds. Wise Council,Inc., 1992. Identification and Biology of Non-Native Plants in Wasowski,Sally. Gardening With Native Plants Florida's Natural Areas. Gainesville,FL:Institute of of the South. Dallas,TX: Taylor Publishing Food and Agricultural Sciences Publications, Company, 1994. University of Florida, 1999. Watkins,John,and Thomas J.Sheehan.Florida Little,Elbert L.National Audubon Society Field Landscape Plants,revised edition.Gainesville,FL: Guide to North American Trees,Eastern Region. University Press of Florida, 1975. New York,NY.Alfred A.Knopf, 1980. Wunderlin,Richard. Guide to the Vascular Plants Mabberley,D.J. The Plant-Book:A Portable of Florida. Gainesville,FL: University Press of Dictionary of the Higher Plants. Cambridge,MA: Florida, 1998. University Press, 1987. Yarlett,Lewis L.Common Grasses of Florida and MacCubbin,Tom,and Georgia Tasker.Florida the Southeast. Spring Hill,FL:Florida Native Plant Gardener's Guide. Franklin,TN: Cool Springs Society, 1996. Press, 1997. Page 124 of 220 Agenda Item #4. Florida's Water Management Districts Suwannee River Water Management District 1 a St. Johns River Northwest Florida Water Management Water Management District District Southwest Florida Water Management District f' South Florida \ Water Management \ District WaterWise:South Florida Landscapes was produced to inform the public about landscaping that supports water conservation and promotes the use of non-invasive plants. This South Florida edition was produced by the South Florida Water Management District. Contents also provided from WaterWise:Florida's Landscapes,a publication of Florida's five water management districts and Xeriscope:A Guide to Developing a Water-Wise Landscape, a publication of the Georgia Cooperative Extension Service. Editor. Mike Bodle Graphic Designer.Cheri Craft Illustrator-Diana Nickels Technical Editors: Steve Fairtrace, Marjorie Moore, Ray Miller, Dan Thayer,Amy Ferriter, Kris Serbesoff-King, Dan Boyar, Gail Irwin, Susan Bennett, David Black, Bruce Adams and Linda Yarrish. Location Credits:The Nature Conservancy's Blowing Rocks Preserve,Carl Bates'Indigenous Plants, City of Boca Raton, City of Delray Beach, City of West Palm Beach,the South Florida Water Management District,Town of Hypoluxo, Meadow Beauty Nursery, Mesozoic Landscapes, Inc., Mounts Botanical Garden, Preservation Foundation of Palm Beach's Pan's Garden, Southern Gardens, Inc.,Trotsky property, Sosnowski-Ferriter property, Bodle property and Craft property. Photography Credits:Patrick Lynch, Mike Bodle, Cheri Craft, Dan Boyar,Amy Ferriter, Rob Sosnowski and Adana Edwards. First printing, May 2003. Printed on recycled paper South Florida Water Management District 3301 Gun Club Road•West Palm Beach,Florida 33406 561-686-8800•Fl.WATS 1-800-432-2045•www.sfwmd.gov MAILING ADDRESS:P.O.Box 24680•West Palm Beach,FL 33416-4680 Page 125 of 220 F f P Fir _ f �.. Iffy z ♦ iI y I 1 P Terrestrial Noxious Weeds of Florida FIELD GUIDE 'J4 Aft QPRZMENT pR ,.off T 'yc°oNs UMER g����`�y Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Agenda Item #4. Noxious Weed Species SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMONNAME •- Abrus precatorius rosary pea Alternanthera sessilis sessile joyweed - • Ardisia crenata coral ardisia • • • Ardisia elliptica shoebutton ardisia • • • Casuarina spp. Australian pine • • • Colubrina asiatica latherleaf • • • Commelina benghalensis tropical spiderwort - • Cupaniopsis anacardioides carrotwood • • • Cuscuta species dodder Dioscorea alata white yam Dioscorea bulbifera air potato Dolichandra unguis-cati cat's claw vine Imperata cylindrica cogongrass Ipomoea triloba little bell morning glory Leucaena leucocephala white lead tree • • • Ligustrum sinense Chinese privet • • • Lonicera japonica Japanese honeysuckle Lygodium japonicum Japanese climbing fern Lygodium microphyllum small-leaved climbing fern Melaleuca quinquenervia melaleuca • • • Mikania micrantha climbing hempweed Mimosa pigra catclaw mimosa • • • Neyraudia reynaudiana Burma reed Paederia spp, skunkvine and sewervine Pennisetum pedicellatum Kyasuma grass Pennisetum polystachyon missiongrass, thin napiergrass Pueraria montana kudzu Rhodomyrtus tomentosa downy myrtle • • • Rottboellia cochinchinensis itchgrass Saccharum spontaneum wild sugarcane Sapium sebiferum Chinese tallow tree • • • Scaevola taccada beach naupaka • • • Schinus terebinthifolius Brazilian pepper • • • Setaria pumila yellow bristlegrass Solanum tampicense wetland nightshade • • • Solanum torvum turkeyberry • • • Solanum viarum tropical soda apple • • • Tridax procumbens coat buttons Page 127 O 0 Agenda Item #�pW to Find Your Noxious Weed • Decide which category the plant in question best fits: fern, grass, herbaceous, vine or woody plant. • Note how the leaves are arranged along the twig: opposite, alternate or maybe no leaves. • Observe the leaf structure: simple or compound. • Then look through the species descriptions in the category for your plant. 1 Opposite Alternate Simple leaf Compound leaf This guide includes plant species regulated as noxious weeds in Florida and known to grow here. Although the descriptions refer mainly to the adult plant, some information about seedlings is also provided. You can confirm a species name by sending a sample to DPI in Gainesville. Note: This guide does NOT include aquatic weeds. LEAF LEAF ARRANGEMENT STRUCTURE• COMMONNAME FERNS Japanese Lygodium climbing fern japonicum small-leaved Lygodium plants, usually climbing fern microphyllum with finely divided leaves Burma reed Neyraudia reynaudiana cogongrass Imperata cylindrica GRASSES itchgrass Rottboellia cochinchinensis herbaceouswith F Kyasuma grass Pennisetum plantsspecialized WPM pedicellatum leaves • ■ missiongrass, Pennisetum flowers �F thin napiergrass polystachyon ■ wild sugarcane Saccharum spontaneum yellow Setaria pumila bristlegrass alternate simple sessile joyweed Alternanthera sessilis alternate sim notple tropical Commelina tender, s iderwort ben sis • ' • p Page 119 sf 220 opposite simple coat buttons 7fidax procumbens LEAF STRUCTURE COMMON NAME alternate compound; kudzu Pueraria montana 3 leaflets alternate compound; rosary pea Abrus precatorius many leaflets alternate simple little bell Ipomoea triloba morning glory alternate simple, air potato Dioscorea bulbifera heart shaped • none; dodder Cuscuta spp. • orange stems • opposite compound; cat's claw vine Dolichandra 2 leaflets unguis-cati • opposite simple climbing Mikania micrantha hempweed opposite simple Japanese Lonicera japonica honeysuckle opposite simple skunkvine and/or Paederia spp. sewervine opposite simple, winged yam Dioscorea alata heart shaped alternate compound; Brazilian pepper Schinus 3-7 leaflets terebinthifolius alternate compound; carrotwood Cupaniopsis usually 5-7 anacardioides leaflets alternate compound; catclaw mimosa Mimosa pigra many leaflets alternate compound; white lead tree Leucaena many leaflets leucocephala alternate simple beach naupaka Scaevo/a taccada alternate simple Chinese tallow Sapium sebiferum tree • • alternate simple coral ardisia Ardisia crenata alternate simple latherleaf Colubrina asiatica • alternate simple melaleuca Melaleuca quinquenervia alternate simple shoebutton Ardisia elliptica ardisia alternate simple tropical soda Solanum viarum apple alternate simple turkeyberry Solanum torvum alternate simple wetland Solanum nightshade tampicense needle-like Australian pine Casuarina spp. opposite simple Chinese privet Ligustrum sinense opposite simple downy rose- Rhodomyrtus myrtle tomentosa Page 129 of 220 A enda Item #4 - -, Curly-grass Fern — Ly• • • . • • • fern growsThis twining fern profusely abundant, light weight, windborne spores. being originally introduced as an ornamental and is known to contaminate pine straw harvested from infested pine plantations. It is now classified as a noxious weed by Alabama as well as Florida. HABITAT usually found in disturbed roadsides, ditches and pine plantations, but increasingly in natural areas such as pine flatwoods and wetlands GROWTH FORM vine-like, twining fern with matted, above or below ground rhizome; above ground parts freezing in winter, but resprouting in spring LEAVES fronds (the leaves of ferns) grow to 90 feet long with a slender, winding and twining, tan rachis; sterile pinnae (major segments of the leaf) triangular in shape, bipinnately compound; pale hairs on pinnae and rachis FLOWERS no flowers; fertile pinnae on the same fronds as sterile pinnae; slender, fingerlike lobes of the pinnules (divisions of the pinnae) 0 FRUIT no fruit; spores under curled lobes of pinnules SEEDLINGS sterile pinnae, similar to adult IDENTIFICATION dense stands of tangled, vine-like, climbing ferns with bipinnate fronds hairy rachis and pinnae pinnules farthest from rachis are elongated lacey, dissected fronds distinguish it from old-world climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum) DISTRIBUTION This species is native from eastern and southeastern Asia through Indonesia to northern Australia and is occasionally weedy in the tropical parts of this range. It is apparently ` absent from South America and Africa. In the United States, it has naturalized throughout the southeastern coastal states from North Carolina to Texas and in Species Distribution Map Arkansas. It is also reported from Hawaii and Puerto Rico. ❑NotVouchered This climbing fern is rapidly expanding its range in Florida. 0Vouchered ���`` While it is still most common in the panhandle and the northern peninsula, it has been collected throughout the state. Page 130 of 220 Lygodium japonicum -Japanese climbing fern r` QL - -w-�-� .r�11'�' '06 , } L' L iti - \ 1. w� growth form {' m I l c CD O - � O O >, i N N _ > O vi � c LU II N m L U 7 G - L I U habitat _ _ fertile frond @ (D F i U) N N (n @ N � N O LL U) t -•; D CO 6 sterile frond _, k e A enda Item 14 - the Curly-grass Fern • • • • • small-leaved • fern growsThis twining fern profusely includingabundant, light weight, windborne spores. This species has escaped from cultivation and covers native vegetation, .. FEDERAL NOXIOUS WEED FLEPPC-Cat. HABITAT usually found wet areas, such as flatwoods, moist hammocks, swamps and floodplain forests, as well as abandoned fields, drainage ditches and other disturbed sites GROWTH FORM twining, vine-like fern growing from rhizome; slender, winding, wiry rachis with petiolelike stalks that attach to each pinnule (leaflet), remaining as a stub when the pinnule falls off LEAVES fronds (the leaves of ferns) grow to 100 feet long; sterile pinnae (major segments of the leaf) roughly triangular or somewhat heart-shaped, once compound and not lobed FLOWERS no flowers; fertile pinnae on the same fronds as sterile pinnae; fringe along the leaflet margins created by rolled leaf tissue that covers the sporangia 0 FRUIT no fruit; windborne spores under rolled edges of pinnae, viable up to four years SEEDLINGS sterile pinnae, similar to adultlobes; petioles may be purple-tinged or green IDENTIFICATION dense stands of tangled, vine-like, climbing ferns with pinnate fronds nearly glabrous rachis and pinnae rachis with short petiolelike stalks or stubs remaining after pinnules fall pinnae somewhat heart-shaped, once compound and not lobed, distinguish it from lacey, dissected fronds of Japanese climbing fern (Lygodium japonicum) DISTRIBUTION Old World climbing fern is native through much of the tropics, including tropical Africa, Asia, Australia and Pacific islands. In Florida, this fern is found throughout most ' of the peninsula, and a separate population has been documented in Duval County. Species Distribution Map ❑Not Vouchered Vouchered �oeel Page 132 of 220 Lygodium microphyllum - small-leaved climbing fern O L O N �0 U) N - - i L w T �r h r i M young plants BNCD cn I 7 M, } .: ' CDCD t.4 1 U habitat . ' �# _ >. , sterile and fertile pinnae o r o L w Q sterile pinnae % ; fertile pinna Page 133 of 220 Agenda Item #4 eae (Gramineae)- Grass Family Or- r —Neyraudia reynaudiana - Burma reed In 1915, Burma reed was introduced to the Chapman Field USDA Subtropical Horticulture Research Station as a potential erosion c• • • ornamental. By 1993, had invaded nearly 75% of pine rocklands in Miami-Dade County outside of Everglades National Park. This grass forms large stands like Phragmites berlandieri (common reed); however, Neyraudia lacks the ring of hairs around the stem just below the inflorescence,that helps identify Phragmites. HABITAT disturbed areas, swamps, forest edges and pine flatwoods; drought and flood tolerant GROWTH FORM robust, perennial grass up to 15 feet tall, growing in dense clump spread by fragmented rhizomes; culms (stems), often branched, approximately '/2 inch wide LEAVES leaf blade, up to 40 inches long and 1 inch wide above, glabrous (hairless) on the undersides; with auricules (small earlike projections) at its base; ligule (found where the blade meets the sheath) a cartilaginous ridge with a fringe of hairs about '/,o inch long - FLOWERS plumelike, glistening, silky inflorescence up to 3 feet long, erect to nodding 0 FRUIT spikelets break apart to release the tiny seeds, 1120 inch long SEEDLINGS N/A IDENTIFICATION dense clumps of tall grass, spreading by rhizomes shimmery, silky flower plumes to 3 feet long, with hundreds of tiny flowers ligule composed of a cartilaginous ridge with a fringe of very short hairs DISTRIBUTION This species is native to warm temperate and tropical Asia from northeastern India and Nepal eastward to Taiwan and southward to the Indonesian island of Java. ° In its native range, Burma reed is found in a variety of habitats at altitudes from sea level to 6,500 feet. It is occasionally cultivated and has now become naturalized in Species Distribution Map the Bahamas, Mexico and Florida. Neyraudia reynaudiana ❑NotVouchered V has been vouchered with herbarium specimens from a few �Vouchered South Florida counties. Page 134 of 220 • • . .,{_ r Pa 1 �e � I f�a ink h, � •f 4�"�� IF r# �+ k 1116 fro a ;' j{ 1 .may*■/ r LL, ' �{ .h L i'• "r• "5 �Ti. y. i k .I t a' T 'L r f ` i Agenda Item #4 --- eae)- Grass Family imperata cylindrica , This is a fast-gr6 feet. Cogongrass is recognized as one of the most aggressive weeds in Florida, capable of rapidly owing, choking . rhizomes (underground stems) it produces forms a dense mat and makes the species difficult to control. Removal of the aboveground portions of the plant is easily accomplished, but rapid regrowth occurs if the rhizomes are not killed or removed. FEDERAL NOXIOUS WEED FLEPPC-Cat. HABITAT fire-adapted natural areas such as pinelands, disturbed areas and agricultural lands GROWTH FORM rarely seen as a single plant, as it spreads by creeping, horizontal underground stems, forming dense patches over large areas LEAVES arise directly from underground stems; overlapping leaf sheaths give the base a rounded appearance; yellowish green (turning red-brown in cool weather), prominent white, off-center midrib; blades '/2 to 1 inch across, with hairy bases and finely serrated margins FLOWERS flowers are borne in dense, fluffy, silvery white panicles; persistent, purplish-black stigmas among the white hairs FRUIT fluffy, plumose seedheads 2 to 8 inches in length; up to 3,000 seeds SEEDLINGS leaf blade glabrous, except for tuft of hair at base IDENTIFICATION grass with white, off-center midrib fluffy, plumose seedheads below ground scaly rhizome with sharp pointed growing tip DISTRIBUTION Cogongrass is native to Australia, Micronesia, East and Southeast Asia, India and eastern and southern Africa, but it is now naturalized pantropically. In the United States, it occurs in southern states from Texas eastward to South Carolina and a few other scattered states. In Florida, it has l been documented from the western panhandle to the Keys. 71 ,on Map It occurs on both moist and dry sites that are disturbed, but not frequently tilled, such as roadsides, utility corridors, 0 Vouchered ���`�` industrial sites, pastures, pine plantations and orchards. Page 136 of 220 �c kN; - , 7 • - _ Via. - • v 4 J Agenda Item #4 --- eae)- Grass Family F"22�2� .r- ' Rottboelfia cochinchinensis • Itchgrass has become a major weed of upland rice, sugarcane, corn, sorghum, soybean and several vegetable crops throughout the tropics. It competes for soil nutrients, water and light, resulting in reduced yields, and also hosts insect pests and diseases that affect grain crops. Itchgrass plants may begin producing seed six to seven weeks after they emerge, and a single plant can yield between 2,000 and 16,000 seeds. FEDERAL NOXIOUS HABITAT disturbed and agricultural areas such as hammock edges, clearings, pastures and roadsides in Florida; tropical and subtropical agricultural areas worldwide GROWTH FORM erect, annual grass to 10 feet tall, often with stilt roots at the base of the stem, growing in large clumps from side shoots LEAVES leaf sheath and blade have stiff hairs with a swelling (tubercle) at the base; hairs break off to penetrate and irritate skin; blades, 6 to 20 inches long, 1 inch wide, with white midribs and scabrous (like sandpaper) margins. FLOWERS cylindrical, unbranched, segmented inflorescence similar to Fakahatchee grass (Tripsacum dactyloides) 0 FRUIT cylindrical seedhead breaks into segments SEEDLINGS single first leaf sheath and blade with long, stiff hairs IDENTIFICATION tall, erect grass with inch-wide leaf blades and white midrib irritating hairs with bulbous base, especially dense on the leaf sheaths and base of leaf blade cylindrical, unbranched, segmented inflorescence that breaks apart when mature DISTRIBUTION Itchgrass is native to tropical Africa, tropical Asia and northern Australia. It has been introduced throughout the Caribbean, tropical America and the southeastern and central United States. It is most commonly found on sunny, disturbed sites with high rainfall or irrigation in subtropical and tropical climates. This species has been reported 7SpeciesDistribution Map from scattered locations throughout Florida and has been ❑NotVouchered I vouchered with herbarium specimens from Escambia �Vouchered County in the north to Monroe County (Florida Keys) in the south. Page 138 of 220 Rottboellia cochinchinensis - itchgrass Agen 4. m _ _ L O - l I t leaf o m Y L Y ## f i f r stem flower whole plant L aa� Eu , Q { Q firuf seedlinpage 139 of 220 A enda Item #4 , - • - grass Pennisetum pedicellatum is a tropical grass with a massive root system. Its common names include kyasuwa grass, annual mission grass, Deenanth grass, feather penniseturn and hairy fountain grass, as well as kyasuma grass.Although its Latin name is now considered to be Cenchrus pedicellatus, we use the name found on the Florida state noxious weed list. FEDERAL NOXIOUS HABITAT dry, disturbed areas; reported as a pest plant in citrus groves; not common in Florida GROWTH FORM annual or perennial, erect bunch or tussock grass, sometimes bending and growing roots at nodes, to 6 feet tall LEAVES typical grass leaves, to 10 inches long, with scattered, stiff hairs at the base of the leaf blade - FLOWERS foxtail or bottlebrush shaped panicles, 2-4 inches long, with pale pink to purple tinged bristles 0 FRUIT grain (cayopsis) remaining enclosed in floret at maturity SEEDLINGS typical grass seedling with parallel veins IDENTIFICATION clumping, more or less erect grass with no obvious stolon, to 6 feet tall, but usually shorter inflorescence erect, 2-4 inches long, pale pink to purple spikelets bundled with 40-90 inner bristles and 10-20 outer bristles DISTRIBUTION Kyasuma grass is native to tropical Africa and India. The weedy species is now naturalized in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions in Australia, Hawaii, New ° Caledonia and Brazil as well as Florida. It has been vouchered with herbarium specimens from Manatee and � Polk counties in Florida. 7Vouchered ion Map f Vouchered Page 140 of 220 � \ 4 . -- _ /d .. � i � , y .. ter•. . - gee. J, } 4 - y - 1 4 A enda Item #4. • • • missiongrass introducedMissiongrass was - grass. species has a negative impact on the productivity of agricultural fields and pastures and can out- compete and displace native grasses. It also alters fire regimes, resulting in extremely hot fires that can kill native plant species. The accepted name is now Cenchrus polystachios, and that name was included in 2017 on the federal noxious weed list, although this has yet to be changed on the Florida FEDERAL NOXIOUS WEED FLEPPC-Cat. HABITAT dry, disturbed sites, including roadsides, pastures, agricultural fields and levees; in Australia, found in undisturbed grasslands and open woodlands GROWTH FORM variable in appearance, but generally upright and growing in clumps LEAVES leaf sheaths are hairless, but have ciliate margins; leaf blades, 1/6 to 3/4 inch wide and up to 22 inches long FLOWERS inflorescence with one to several spike-like panicles; flower spikelets sessile (stalkless) and surrounded by bristles FRUIT each spikelet surrounded by plumose (feathery) bristles, with one or several bristles noticeably longer than the others; mature seeds airborne by bristles SEEDLINGS single first leaf, like corn plants IDENTIFICATION clumping, perennial grass with a hard, knotty base and erect, branching stems to 6 feet tall erect to slightly drooping panicles to 14 inches long with short, dense branches inflorescence appearing yellow, light brown or purplish brown DISTRIBUTION Native to tropical Africa, missiongrass is now naturalized in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions worldwide. It is particularly common on cleared forest ° lands in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. In the United States, it has been found only in Florida and l Hawaii. Missiongrass has been vouchered with herbarium 7Vouchered bution Map specimens from only a few isolated occurrences, except in Collier County, where missiongrass seems to be locally 0 Vouchered established in the Immokalee area. Page 142 of 220 Pennisetum polystachion - missiongrass Agenda Item #4. L x 7 fe U f f a � , 1�. growth form O ��t..�•ap N E � * Y D - a L @ U y a� 0 IL ,a ,I flowers leaves and flowers c L � U N co — @ @ � N - � L U fruit Page 143 of 22,0 A enda Item #4. Saccharum • • speciesSaccharum spontaneum is a highly variable, invasive weed. It hybridizes easily with other species and is used in sugarcane breeding research which puts it at risk of escaping and spreading. In Florida, it is believed to have escaped from research facilities during hurricanes. This weed of cotton, pearl millet, sorghum, rice, tea and coffee. FEDERAL . . HABITAT range of environments from wet to dry habitats, low to high elevations, fertile to nutrient poor soils and tropical to temperate climates; agricultural lands, roadsides, disturbed areas and banks of rivers, lakes and ponds GROWTH FORM variable grass, some short bunchgrasses and others with 12-18 feet tall stems; culms less than 1 inch in diameter; very similar to cultivated sugarcane, but culms thinner LEAVES to 6 feet long, about '/z inch wide, usually glabrous (without hairs); white-ish midrib; minute teeth on leaf edges FLOWERS inflorescence an open, multi-branched panicle to 1'/2 feet long; panicle axis hairy; spikelets composed of two flowers, without awns 0 FRUIT dry fruit typical of grasses, wind dispersal aided by a callus hairs forming a "parachute" SEEDLINGS typical grass seedling IDENTIFICATION grass with large, plumose inflorescence terminal, erect, branched panicle inflorescence with unawned spikelets solitary culms or a few growing in a small clump from elongated rhizomes leaf blades hairless, except near ligule DISTRIBUTION Wild sugarcane is native to tropical Africa and tropical and temperate Asia, but this weedy species is now naturalized in Mesoamerica, southern Europe and the Pacific, ° including Hawaii. It has been introduced to North America for breeding research and vouchered with herbarium specimens from a few counties in southern Florida where it 7Vouchered ion Map has escaped. f Vouchered eel Page 144 of 220 Saccharum spontaneum — wild sugarcane Agenda Item #4. .3 _0 Q 0 O ,. CQ growth form LL H r � a it 1 _ Tk' leaves flowers Y N L @ U a CO m D o z a� o n m L ji leaf with midrib spikelet Page 145 of 220 Agenda Item #4 --- (Poaceae)- Grass Family yellow bristlegrass Setaria species are characterized by bristles below each flower spikelet, and this one has 4-12 bristles for each spikelet, giving its inflorescences a foxtail appearance and suggesting its common name, although it is also known as yellow foxtail, cattail grass and pigeon grass. The species name for plant on - Florida noxious weed list is Setariapallidefusca, but - 2017 federal • • agriculturalweed list includes the currently accepted name. It is an early invader of disturbed and FEDERAL NOXIOUS HABITAT roadsides, ditch banks, fields, pastures, railroad beds and other disturbed sites GROWTH FORM annual grass, growing in tufts from fibrous roots LEAVES leaf sheaths are hairless, but have ciliate ligules and a few hairs at the collar; leaf blades up to 12 inches long and '/2 inch wide FLOWERS yellowish, densely packed, giving the panicles a cylindrical, spike-like appearance 0 FRUIT each spikelet surrounded by plumose (feathery) bristles, with one or several bristles noticeably longer than the others; mature seeds airborne by bristles SEEDLINGS single first leaf, like corn plants, usually roughly parallel with ground surface IDENTIFICATION clumping, annual grass with no obvious rhizome, to 4 feet tall, but usually shorter inflorescence erect, yellowish,1-4-inch long, cylindrical panicle leaf blades hairless, except near ligule DISTRIBUTION Yellow bristlegrass is native to tropical and temperate Africa, Asia and Europe. The weedy species is now naturalized in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate ° regions worldwide. It has been introduced throughout most of North America and vouchered with herbarium specimens from counties scattered throughout Florida from Escambia Species Distribution Map to Miami-Dade. ❑Not Vouchered f Vouchered Page 146 of 220 Setaria pumila - yellow bristlegrass Agenda Item #4. � }4 L O d leaves a a z whole plant u ligule a a seedling : inflorescence Page 147 of 220 A enda Item #4 - - -Amaranth Family along-Altemanthera sessilis - sessile joyweed This is a perennial herb with stems that are sometimes erect, but usually creep the soil and produce roots at the This lant is classified as a terrestrial weed by the state of Florida, but it can . . trade.FEDERAL . . HABITAT found in a variety of wet sites and disturbed areas GROWTH FORM perennial, herbaceous weed with creeping or erect stems sometimes lined with rows of whitish hairs LEAVES simple, opposite, hairless, with no teeth along the margin, narrowly oval to oblong, blunt or pointed at the tip, 2 to 4 inches long and less than an inch wide FLOWERS tiny, white, with a paper-like texture, and borne in dense, rounded, sessile (without a stalk) clusters in the leaf axils, about '/2 inch long and wide FRUIT dry fruits, called "utricles," that remain attached to the flower until the mature fruit is exerted beyond their tips SEEDLINGS seeds produce new plants with opposite leaves similar to mature plants, but rooting at the nodes allows vegetative reproduction. IDENTIFICATION herbaceous weed usually with creeping stems, rooting at the nodes; sometimes weakly erect stem; hairs at nodes and sometimes in lines along the stem simple, hairless, opposite leaves, 2 to 4 times longer than wide white, papery flowers in dense clusters attached directly to the leaf axil; very similar to the aquatic weed, A. philoxeroides, which has a stalked flower dry fruits peek out above the persistent flower parts when mature DISTRIBUTION This weed is found in wet disturbed areas as well as rice and sugarcane fields in tropical and subtropical regions. It is possibly native to southern Asia, but is now found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world and has been introduced throughout the southeastern United States from South Carolina to Texas. This species has been reported in Florida counties scattered from the Species Distribution Map western panhandle through the central peninsula. It grows 7 ❑Not Vouchered 0Vouchered ��� in wet and drier areas, including roadsides, ditches, bogs, swamps, pond banks, disturbed areas, pastures and other cultivated areas. Page 148 of 220 4 1L • • • - • . 4 rri 45 e�n l �dY� 'I 't A enda Item #4 - - - - Spiderwort WCommefina • - • - tropical This herbaceous lant is a serious est of beans and cotton because it is resistant . herbicides. produce roots . . both the above-ground and below-ground flowers add to the difficulty of control. FEDERAL NOXIOUS HABITAT fields, nursery beds and containers, lawns and other disturbed areas GROWTH FORM annual (perennial in frost-free areas) herbaceous plant with succulent, sprawling, hairy stems to 15 inches long LEAVES alternate, with ovate blades about twice as long as wide, 1 to 4 inches long; petiole base sheaths around the stem, sheath margin with reddish brown (or pale tan), eyelash-like hairs - FLOWERS above ground: two conspicuous blue or purple petals and a third smaller, inconspicuous, white or pale blue petal; below ground: closed, white, self-pollinating (cleistogamous) flowers on runners 0 FRUIT pear-shaped capsule, splits at maturity; above-ground flowers produce 1 large, 4 small seeds; below-ground flowers produce 1 large, 2 small seeds SEEDLINGS first leaf: erect, ovate to ovate-elliptic, glabrous IDENTIFICATION herbaceous weed with succulent, sprawling, hairy stems two conspicuous blue or purple petals and a third smaller, inconspicuous, white or pale blue petal; similar species have flowers with all blue or all white petals below ground closed, white, self-pollinating (cleistogamous) flowers growing on runners DISTRIBUTION Tropical spiderwort is native in the Old World tropics and subtropics, but has spread to the United States, the West Indies and South America. In this country, it has ' been reported in Alabama, California, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi and North Carolina. This weed grows in cultivated fields, nursery beds and containers, Species Distribution Map lawns and other disturbed areas in scattered counties from ❑NotVouchered the panhandle nearly to Lake Okeechobee in the central 0Vouchered ���`c` part of the state. Page 150 of 220 Ms • - R• I � F. Agenda Item #4 •• -- eraceae) - Daisy Family F_�__ Tridax • • • 'ns - coat buttons Coat buttons is common and widespread and is a serious weed of various crops in South Asia, several Pacific islands and tropical Africa.Although it is listed as a noxious weed by the USDA and the State of Florida, it is not yet a serious weed in North America. To help avoid future infestations, be on the lookout for this weedy plant. FEDERAL NOXIOUS HABITAT vacant lots and roadsides, as well as in lawns, nursery containers and sidewalk cracks GROWTH FORM perennial herbs; stems procumbent (growing along the ground without rooting) to ascending LEAVES opposite; with or without petioles; arrow-shaped, lanceolate, or ovate, often lobed or coarsely toothed; hairy on both upper and lower leaf blades - FLOWERS heads usually borne singly, 3-8 non-overlapping, creamy yellow (sometimes white or purplish) three-lobed ray florets, 40-80 yellow disc florets 0 FRUIT 3-, 4-, or 5-angled, dry, single-seeded achene with a feathery crown (pappus) SEEDLINGS first leaves opposite, with a fringe of hairs along the margins IDENTIFICATION herbaceous plant with opposite leaves, growing along the ground without rooting at the nodes daisylike, with widely spaced, white or cream ray florets and yellow disc florets easily confused with Bidens alba, Spanish needles, but that plant has upright stems, compound leaves (3-5 leaflets) and much larger, more conspicuous flower heads pubescent leaves DISTRIBUTION The plant is native to tropical America, but is widely naturalized in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. In the United States, it is established only in Florida, ` Hawaii and Puerto Rico. It is common in dry, sunny, disturbed areas from Volusia County to the Keys, and in l Leon County. 7Vouchered n Map f Vouchered Page 152 of 220 Tridax procumbens - coat buttons z C O L U) op y T 4 a leaves E z E C: m o _ i Q7 L O t t growth form owers T D L m U Z m — O "O A f -- fruit seedlings Page 153 of 220 Agenda Item #4. Fabaceae • -- --- Family • • • . kudzu In EastAsia, kudzu has a long history of use for fiber and It was introduced from Japan as an ornamental . . . . inexpensive livestock • .•- and means of erosion c• • • 1 • aggressive, --•y tendencie were becoming more widely known, and it is now listed as a noxious or restricted plant in 13 states. HABITAT full sun, forming dense masses of vegetation along roadsides, watercourses and hammock edges, flatwoods, gullies, spoil areas and other weedy sites GROWTH FORM fast-growing, climbing and trailing perennial vine with stems to 100 feet long and an extensive root system, producing massive tubers weighing up to 400 pounds LEAVES alternate, trifoliate (with three leaflets) on long petioles; lateral leaflets are usually two-lobed and the terminal leaflet three-lobed, but leaflets may be unlobed; upper and lower surfaces of the leaflets covered with soft, golden hairs FLOWERS pink to reddish-purple, typical pea flowers, 0.5 inch across, in clusters (racemes) in the upper leaf axils; sweet fragrance like grape candy or jelly 0 FRUIT flat legumes, 3 to 4 inches long, brown with golden hairs; three to 10 reddish-brown seeds, with a white scar left from attachment to pod SEEDLINGS young stems vine-like with long, fine hairs; first leaflets usually unlobed IDENTIFICATION vine with rampant growth, massive stature, overtopping trees or covering roadsides large tri-foliate leaves with lobed leaflets covered in golden hairs grape-scented flower spikes DISTRIBUTION Kudzu is native to eastern and southeastern Asia and the western South Pacific islands. It has become naturalized in central Asia, eastern Europe, southern Africa, much of the ` eastern and central United States and parts of the West Indies and Central America. This species has escaped l from cultivation and occurs in disturbed habitats throughout Species Distribution Map the state. Herbarium specimens document kudzu scattered ❑NotVouchered from Escambia County in the panhandle to 0 Vouchered �000 Miami-Dade County. Page 154 of 220 Pueraria montana var. lobata - kudzu C - PM. —M LL 10 _ "i � MM growth form �: r L i 0CD Adr '- U � 0 LL Z Q r r � leaf seedling ry a m o _• T = a a� E <o fruit flower Page 155 of 220 Agenda Item #4 - - Bean Family ir Abrus precatorius - rosarypea This woody vine has no tendrils or other climbing structures, but grows by twining over native shrubs and trees, disturbing natural areas. The deep tap root of this perennial aids in resprouting after fire or attempts at eradication. HABITAT invades natural areas, including both pinelands and hammocks, and is established in disturbed areas GROWTH FORM woody, perennial, twining vine with no tendrils LEAVES alternate; even-pinnately compound leaves have eight to 20 pairs of oblong leaflets, less than 1 inch long - FLOWERS stalks of pea-like pale purple to lavender or rarely white flowers 0 FRUIT pubescent legume with a sharp beak at the tip, containing four to eight poisonous, red seeds with a black spot SEEDLINGS first true leaves are pinnate compound with tiny oblong leaflets IDENTIFICATION scrambling, woody vine with no tendrils or other climbing structures even-pinnately compound leaves have eight to 20 pairs of oblong leaflets less than 1 inch long a pubescent bean pod bright red seeds with a black spot DISTRIBUTION This species is possibly native to India, but certainly 7FINotVouchered tropical Asia, and is now found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. In the United States, Abrus precatorius is found in Hawaii and Florida. In Florida, this species is found growing from central peninsula counties southward to Miami-Dade and Collier counties. stribution Map Vouchered �.. Page 156 of 220 Abrus precatorius - rosary pea Y _ O a d C . L O leaf x � m a �► Q Ilk ti flowers Amok&, fruit J yy, co PT •� .� Mf ■ N sy � LL rt it IR } F 4# ' A, � + seedling growth form Page 157 of 220 10' Agenda Item #4. - - - Glory Littlebell is a vine with a twining or creeping habit. It is not a high climber but is more often seen scrambling through grasses and over low shrubs. Stems rarely exceed 10 feet. When cut, the stems and the petioles (leaf stalks) exude a small amount of milky sap. HABITAT disturbed sites such residential landscapes, nurseries, abandoned homesites, agricultural fields, orchards, old pastures and highway and utility corridors GROWTH FORM twining or creeping vine, most often described as an annual; but in parts of Australia, a perennial, with a woody, underground tuber LEAVES alternate; variable in size (ranging from % to 3 '/4 inches long) and in outline (heart- shaped, three-lobed or five-lobed) FLOWERS borne in the leaf axils; sometimes solitary but more often in small clusters; pink to pale purple tubular flowers, '/2 to 1 inch long with five short lobes, each ending in a short, abrupt point 0 FRUIT small (about 1/ inch wide), globose capsules with a persistent style; containing two to four dark brown seeds SEEDLINGS first leaves deeply dissected with two long, pointed lobes IDENTIFICATION vine with low, scrambling habit milky sap from cut or broken stems flowers less than an inch long and colored pink or purple with white anthers DISTRIBUTION This species is native to the West Indies, Mexico, Belize and Trinidad, but it is now widely naturalized throughout the tropics. The first record of littlebell in Florida is from Monroe ° County in 1891. By the 1980s, it was recognized as a serious weed of citrus groves, especially in Hendry County. Littlebell has now been documented from many Florida 7SpeciiesDistributiion Mapcounties, including the entire southern peninsula, parts of ! the central and northern peninsula, and the 0Vouchered .» central panhandle. Page 158 of 220 X JT � # 46, f • � a Agenda Item #4 • -- -- -Yam Family - IF Air potato has separate male (staminate) and female (carpellate or fruit-bearing)flowers borne on different plants, and only carpellate plants have been observed in Florida. Plants reproduce asexually by means of bulbils (aerial tubers). One to four bulbils are produced at each leaf axil, • a single plant can produce 200 bulbils in a growing • •ils spread by gravity, currents, heavy machinery, and movement of contaminated brush and soil. HABITAT disturbed sites and natural areas, including hammocks and pinelands, throughout Florida GROWTH FORM deciduous, counter-clockwise twining, herbaceous vine, growing to 65 feet or more, sometimes with an underground tuber LEAVES alternate; heart-shaped, with rounded basal lobes, long tips; conspicuous, arching, longitudinal veins on leaf blade with secondary veins giving a quilted appearance FLOWERS not common in Florida; female in spikes of up to 50 inconspicuous flowers with whitish-green petals FRUIT not seen in Florida SEEDLINGS new plants develop from bulbils growing at each leaf axil; bulbils are either dark brown with a warty texture or light tan to gray and smooth IDENTIFICATION vigorous vine with counter-clockwise twining habit, rounded stems, alternate leaves abundant globose aerial tubers heart-shaped leaves with elongated tips and both arching longitudinal veins and puckering secondary veins avoid confusion with winged yam which has opposite leaves, a winged, squared stem and long, rather than rounded, bulbils DISTRIBUTION Native to tropical Africa, Asia, the Pacific Islands and northern Australia, air potato is now naturalized throughout the West Indies and tropical America. In the United ` States, it is found in Hawaii, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and Florida. Sensitivity to freezing temperatures has limited its expansion into more temperate 7SpeciesDistribution Mapareas. Air potato occurs throughout Florida from Monroe ooucee County in the south to Escambia County in the western �Vouchered �.-- panhandle. It is most often found on disturbed sites, but also invades natural habitats including hammocks and pinelands. Page 160 of 220 Dioscorea bulbifera - air potato to od leaves gr wth form LL dark and warty bubils r� • b �"�` �'^ .'��.", ems.. � ■i. !. y 4 • � ♦ L r , X4*oil Y .I. IA ryr ' S J u rT`W# p Y< f49 lighter and smoother bubils habitat 4 Page 161 of Agenda Item #4. - - • glory Family dodders noxious -s of Cuscuta, but all dodder species are considered plant pests that reduce the viability of nursery stock. Plant pests include any living stage of parasitic weeds that can injure or damage a plant. Parasitic plants in nursery stock are • - to quarantine to prevent • ad of the •- 1 FEDERAL NOXIOUS HABITAT roadsides, pastures, forest edges; depend on the host plant for nutrition; generally, they do not kill their host, but can substantially weaken it GROWTH FORM fast growing, twining, parasitic vines, with yellow or orange stems; tooth-like projections called "haustoria" that penetrate the host plant; not aromatic when crushed; roots present only on young plants LEAVES inconspicuous or absent J- FLOWERS white, tubular, about '/a inch in diameter, often in dense clusters FRUIT a whitish berry, opening by a cap-like lid in some species, or more often, decaying on the vine or on the soil and releasing the seeds gradually SEEDLINGS single thread-like stem attached by roots until contact with host, then roots wither IDENTIFICATION parasitic vine with spaghetti-like stems, 1-3mm in diameter; forming a dense mat over host plants no chlorophyll (not green in color, but orange or yellow) roots and leaves usually lacking penetrating haustoria (suckers) along stem not aromatic when crushed DISTRIBUTION The genus contains about 150 species with a worldwide distribution. In this country, one or more species is found in every state, except Alaska. Many species are restricted to a single host, but all Florida dodders have a wide host range. Eight species are native in Florida, and of these, Cuscuta pentagona is the most widely distributed, but at least one of 7Vouchered ion Map these species is found in almost every county. Of the exotic I species, only C.japonica has been collected in Florida and 0Vouchered .»--' that only in Gadsden County. The native species include C. americana, C. compacta, C. exaltata, C. gronovii, C. indecora, C. obtusiflora, C. pentagona, and C. umbellata. Page 162 of 220 Cuscuta spp. - dodders m ' 40 s = 4&1 OF t oil Cuscuta pentagona flowers �� �-. " LL W ua �} F Cuscuta pentagons orange stems Cuscuta sp. infestation U) N � @ w J O N seedling s O e lF�� 1 seedling fruit and flowers Page 163 of 220 Agenda Item #4 = • • - --- -Trumpet creeperFamily111111111111111114A• • • Cat's claw vine was known to be in Florida in the late 1940s when this attractive plant was introduced as an ornamental under the older name Macfadyena unguis-cati. This species is a woody vine with root tubers and stolons that can also form at each node as it grows along the soil surface. The name cat's claw refers to the shape of the tendrils, thought to look like a three-toed cat's claw. HABITAT disturbed areas as well as sandhills, scrub and upland pine and hardwood forests GROWTH FORM woody vine to 50 feet long, often rooting at the nodes, forming underground tubers; climbing with claw-like, three-pronged tendrils LEAVES opposite, compound, with two small, ovate or lanceolate leaflets FLOWERS yellow, trumpet shaped, growing singly or clustered, to 4 inches across FRUIT linear and flat pods, 20 inches long, containing wind-dispersed, oblong, winged seeds SEEDLINGS new plants have simple leaves with slightly toothed margins unlike the compound leaves with smooth margins of adult vines IDENTIFICATION woody vine with opposite, two-leaflet, compound leaves claw-like tendrils with tree prongs yellow tubular flowers distinguish it from the native, orange-flowered cross vine linear, flattened pods to 20 inches long DISTRIBUTION Cat's claw vine is native to the West Indies and from Mexico through Argentina. In Florida, it has been vouchered by herbarium specimens from scattered counties throughout the state with a concentration in the central and southeastern peninsula. 0 Species Distribution Map ❑Not Vouchered f Vouchered Page 164 of 220 �/ • • e ks°� ,art i Its S- �tip � �el .�*•�' , JE 4t 714 0 If Mt � Jfi or I A enda Item #4 •• -- (Asteraceae) - Daisy Family - . Although this plant has been found in Miami-Dade County, surveys have found no spread beyond the Redland area. In tropical Asia, the plant is an important weed of plantation crops, such as tea, oil palms, coconuts, cacao, and coffee. The vine covers crops with a dense mat of foliage, shading them • even causing their stems to break. NOXIOUS •• HABITAT disturbed habitats, crop plantations, abandoned plant nurseries GROWTH FORM rampantly growing, perennial, twining vine; stem round in cross section or indistinctly six-angled, deciduous flap of leaf-like tissue (pseudostipule) between the two leaves at each node LEAVES opposite, heart-shaped or triangular, with a long, slender, tapering tip and a coarsely toothed margin; yellow-green, 5-7 nerved from the base, mostly without hairs (glabrous) on the leaf blade FLOWERS florets white, less than 5/8 inch long, densely arranged in long-stalked, glabrous, axillary flower clusters 0 FRUIT black, dry fruits (achenes) with five ribs, sparsely sprinkled with glandular dots; pappus of 30 to 32 fine, hair-like, white bristles SEEDLINGS leaves similar to adult form IDENTIFICATION twining vine without sharp angles on the stem, overtopping other vegetation in disturbed areas opposite, heart-shaped leaves with long, tapering tip deciduous flap of leaf-like tissue (pseudostipule) between the two leaves at each node heads of four white florets, less than 5/8 inch long, on glabrous inflorescence branches DISTRIBUTION The species is native throughout tropical America, but it has become widely naturalized in the Old World tropics, particularly in Asia and the Pacific islands. In the United %Map States, it was found in Florida. So far, the plant has only been found in the Redlands area of Miami-Dade County. Species Distributio❑Not Vouchered Vouchered Leo Page 166 of 220 Mikania micrantha - mile-a-minute a I FM, E IL growth form flowers � L CO f6 4 leaves fruit ❑ �' � z �r. I C � Y a flower close up AL seedling Page 167 of 220 Agenda Item #4 -• • - --- - Honeysuckle Family W__ Lo / /nica — Japanese honeysuckle saplingsJapanese honeysuckle was introduced in Florida in 1875 as an ornamental and has been used as a deer forage.This species is a woody vine that can cover forest floors, climb tall trees and form dense mats in forest canopies. The vine can even strangle small . d girdling their HABITAT disturbed areas, hammock edges, wetlands, scrub and upland hardwood forests GROWTH FORM woody, evergreen to semi-evergreen vine, twining or scrambling, without tendrils or aerial roots; to 30 feet in length LEAVES opposite, simple, ovate to oblong, 1-2 inches long, sometimes lobed, midrib pubescent ► FLOWERS fragrant, tubular, two-lipped, white to cream colored FRUIT spherical berry, '/a inch in diameter; black when ripe SEEDLINGS leaves can be simple, like the adult leaves, or with lobed margins IDENTIFICATION woody vine, usually very hairy, with opposite, simple leaves and twining habit white to yellow tubular flowers with very unequal lobes forming two lips black spherical fruit DISTRIBUTION Japanese honeysuckle is native to China, Japan and Korea. In the United States, it has escaped cultivation throughout most of the East Coast and southern states ° from New York and Michigan through Florida and California. It is regulated as a noxious weed, prohibited plant or invasive species in Connecticut, New Hampshire, 7SpeciesDistribufion Map Ohio and Vermont. In Florida, it has been vouchered ❑NotVouchered by herbarium specimens from scattered counties �Vouchered throughout the state with a concentration in the central and moo southeastern peninsula. Page 168 of 220 Lonicera japonica - Japanese honeysuckle Ui > .. OL y C •t i e J �'F ' 6 i k � w ; growth form 6.:. W Y � T � Q >' Y N t leaves fruit C T U Y � U @ Q 07 � U Y i 7 L U f: flowers seedling Page 169 of 220 Agenda Item #4 - • - --- Familym4VP9W�Pa ' • ' • ' • . Paederia foetida (skunkvine) and Paederia cruddasiana (sewervine)are very similar in habit, appearance and odor. The following description applies to both perennial twining vines. Both are aggressive, fast-growing vines that can trail over the ground or climb high up in trees forming thick, tangled masses of vegetation and killing trees and understory plants. In Florida, sewervine has been found only in Broward and Miami-Dade counties. HABITAT disturbed sites such as residential landscapes, parks, abandoned lots, pastures, fencerows, roadsides and utility corridors; native plant communities, including sandhills, floodplains, hammocks and upland mixed forests GROWTH FORM vines with slender and herbaceous stems, reaching over 30 feet in length; evergreen in South Florida, but deciduous in central and northern Florida; woody roots and stem base possible; can produce roots along stem at nodes LEAVES opposite or whorled; disagreeable (skunklike) odor when crushed; variable blade shape, but usually lobed or cordate (heart shaped) at base; petioles from '/4 to 3'/z inches long; flap of tissue (interpetiolar stipule) between the two leaves at each node - FLOWERS pinkish-white, grayish-pink or pale purple, less than '/2-inch-long, tubular with five short lobes, darker purplish-red throat; outside of tube densely hairy '0_ FRUIT globose, pea-sized, capsule, shiny brown and papery at maturity; two black seeds, dotted with white, needle-shaped crystals SEEDLINGS no description found, assume leaves similar to adult IDENTIFICATION vine with opposite leaves, obvious stipules and disagreeable odor when crushed small, white to pinkish-lavender, tubular flowers with purple throat Paederia cruddasiana fruit ellipsoid to ovoid and laterally compressed capsules and conspicuous wings on the seed margins Paederia foetida capsules subglobose with unwinged seeds DISTRIBUTION Skunkvine is native to temperate and tropical Asia and has naturalized in North America, South America, the Mascarene Islands and the Pacific Islands. In the United ° States, it occurs in Hawaii, Texas, Louisiana, Florida, Georgia and the Carolinas. Skunkvine has been vouchered from Florida counties scattered from Escambia in the north Species Distribution Map to Miami-Dade in the south, while sewervine has been ❑NotVouchered rr found only in Broward and Miami-Dade. Vouchered Page 170 of 220 Paederia foetida - skunkvine Agenda O Q D 0 O 0] I �r V, ow leaves o co o � CO N O LL flower frluit, co seeds Page 171 of 220 Agenda Item #4 • -- eae -Yam Family ff" r �Dioscorea alata - winged yam This yam is an important food crop throughout the tropics.Although it is not as common as the air potato (Dioscorea bulbifera), vines of the winged yam are just as vigorous, smothering other vegetation from ground level into the tree canopy. The winged yam reproduces primarily by means of aerial tubers (called bulbils) borne on the stems and seldom develops flowers in Florida. HABITAT growing in disturbed sites, canopy gaps and forest edges throughout the state; escapes from cultivation GROWTH FORM deciduous, clockwise twining, herbaceous vine, growing to 50 feet or more, with four usually purplish wings LEAVES opposite, but often alternate at the base of the vine; heart-shaped or arrowhead- shaped; 5-7 conspicuous, arching, longitudinal veins on leaf blade FLOWERS rarely seen in Florida; inconspicuous, whitish petals 0 FRUIT rarely seen in Florida; three-winged capsules in drooping racemes SEEDLINGS rarely seen in Florida; new plants develop from elongated, tuber-like bulbils IDENTIFICATION vine, with twining, winged stems, dying to the ground during the winter leaves opposite, but can be alternate at the base of the vine elongated, rough-textured tubers in the axils of the leaves; up to 4 inches long. two native species, D. floridana and D. villosa, do not produce aerial tubers, but have flowers and fruit in Florida; air potato (D. bulbifera) has alternate leaves and no wings on the stem DISTRIBUTION This plant is widely cultivated as a food plant, with 0 hundreds of named cultivars. Its area of origin is believed to be in Southeast Asia. In the United States, it is reported ` to be naturalized in Florida, Georgia and Louisiana, with its naturalized range is expanding. Although the winged yam was introduced into Florida by Spanish and Portuguese Species Distribution Map traders in the 1500s, it only recently has become widely ❑NotVouchered naturalized. At present, it is found growing outside �Vouchered ��� cultivation in counties scattered throughout the state, from Escambia to Miami-Dade. Page 172 of 220 Dioscorea alata - winged yam co 4. co �3 Y o5 LL Q o r flower stem showing wings E Y Y 0 0 0 LL f leaves Page 173 of 220 Ar enda Item #4 • - - - Cashew• pepper Brazilian pepper was first introduced to Florida as an ornamental in the 1840s, and by • 1 had invadedbeen documented as an invasive pest in both disturbed and natural habitats. It is estimated to have over 700,000 acres in Florida, including large swaths of - • .•-s National Park.The name of this genus has been treated as either masculine or feminine, so the epithet may be spelled terebinthifolius or terebinthifolia. Classical Greek and Latin usage seems to be feminine. We are following the Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants and other authorities in spelling the epithet terebinthifolia. HABITAT moist to mesic disturbed sites, sand dunes, shell mounds, coastal strands, tidal marshes, swamps, hammocks, wet flatwoods, scrub and upland pine forests GROWTH FORM shrub or a small- to medium-sized multi-stemmed tree to 45 feet tall (usually shorter) with a dense tangle of branches LEAVES alternate, odd-pinnately compound, with usually seven to nine sessile leaflets; oblong to elliptic leaflets, 1 to 2 inches long, dark green above and paler green below, conspicuous midvein and parallel lateral veins are lighter in color; margins often toothed FLOWERS male and female flowers on separate plants; tiny (less than '/,o inch long), five-petaled, white flowers in short clusters in the leaf axils near the branch tips 0 FRUIT spherical, fleshy fruit with a single seed, about '/5 inch in diameter; glossy, bright red at maturity SEEDLINGS first true leaves are not compound, but have sharp teeth along the margins and can be lobed at the base IDENTIFICATION medium tall shrub or small tree with intertwining branches dark green, pinnate compound leaves with prominent lighter colored veins clusters of bright red, ripe fruit clear, resinous sap from wounds that turns black when dry DISTRIBUTION Native to Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay, Brazilian pepper is widely cultivated as an ornamental. It has escaped from cultivation and naturalized in much of tropical America, the West Indies, Africa, the Mascarene Islands, Europe, southern Asia, Pacific Islands, and the coasts of Australia. ` In the United States, Brazilian pepper has established 7Vouchered ion Map outside of cultivation in southern regions of California, I Texas, and Alabama as well as Hawaii and Florida. 0Vouchered Brazilian pepper occurs throughout peninsular Florida. f.. Page 174 of 220 • . i leaf LL �5 ti ► s, i seedling -- ► r flower whole plant - Page of A enda Item #4 -• •- --- •-••- This fast-growing, evergreen tree has smooth, gray outer bark, but the inner bark is often orange; hence, the common name ... introduced coastalas 1955; by 1990, it was observed in both disturbed and natural communities, especially moist . . mangroves. HABITAT planted as a street ornamental; escaped into disturbed areas and natural areas GROWTH FORM evergreen, usually single-trunked tree up to 35 feet tall LEAVES alternately, pinnately compound, with four to 10 leaflets on short, swollen stalks; glossy, leathery leaflets may be oblong, elliptic or obovate and have no teeth or lobes, but the rounded apex is sometimes notched - FLOWERS less than inch wide, greenish-white to yellow, borne in branched, often pendulous, inflorescences in the axil of leaves FRUIT three-lobed or three-ridged, woody capsules; orange-yellow when ripe and '/z to 1 inch in diameter; splitting, when ripe, to reveal three shiny, black seeds enclosed in a fleshy orange to red tissue called an aril SEEDLINGS first true leaves are pinnate compound or trifoliate (sometimes only two leaflets), with a few teeth along the leaflet margin; petiole and rachis winged IDENTIFICATION conspicuous clusters of orange-yellow, three-lobed fruit black seeds surrounded by bright red aril when fruits open pinnate, compound leaves, some with a notch indented at the tip DISTRIBUTION Carrotwood is native to New Guinea and the northern and 7Species eastern coasts of Australia. It is cultivated as an ornamental in subtropical and tropical regions. In Florida, this species has escaped from cultivation and is naturalized in both disturbed and undisturbed coastal habitats on the central and southern peninsula. Tolerant of poor soils, periodic bution Mapflooding, drought, salt and shade, carrotwood is found in ooucered coastal hammocks, dunes, strands, mangrove swamps, �Vouchered ���`�` marshes, pine scrub, flatwoods and spoil islands. Page 176 of 220 Cupaniopsis anacardioides - carrotwood Y fA O LL fe• leaves ' . LL PF r fy f. KNf f _ p/zo 4 Ir 1 ,� ti ✓iva t r , Nf seedl i n gsand seeds m � Y � �qr. J 7e; tree (fifV920 Agenda Item #4 -•- --- • -- --- Family • • • mimosa This species was first collected in Florida in 1953 and is thought to have been introduced through intentional cultivation or as a contaminant in imported nursery stock. By 1985, large infestations were noted in South Florida. Catclaw mimosa forms dense, impenetrable thickets that displace native vegetation and choke FEDERAL NOXIOUS WEED FLEPPC-Cat. HABITAT scrub, sandhills, coastal berms, shell mounds, mesic flatwoods, strand swamps, depression marshes and weedy areas GROWTH FORM sprawling, multi-branched shrub, 10 to 20 feet high; stems covered with short, stiff, appressed hairs and scattered, curved prickles to inch long LEAVES alternate and bipinnately compound, with 8 to14 pairs of pinnae and 25 to 43 pairs of leaflets; solitary, vertical prickles where opposing pinnae meet and paired horizontal prickles on the rachis between each pair of pinnae; leaflets and pairs of pinnae are sensitive (fold together at night or when touched) FLOWERS tiny; four inconspicuous petals and eight showy, pink, lilac or white stamens in dense, globular heads about '/2 inch wide composed of about 100 flowers 0 FRUIT flattened pods 1'/2 to 5 inches long, covered with bristly hairs in clusters of two to 30; turning from green to brown at maturity and breaking into single-seeded segments SEEDLINGS first leaves may be pinnate, rather than bipinnate IDENTIFICATION sprawling, multi-branched shrub with scattered, curved prickles to %2 inch long on the stem bipinnate leaves, with 8 to14 pairs of pinnae armed with horizontal and vertical prickles pink, lilac or white flowers with showy stamens in heads '/2 inch wide flattened pods 1'/2 to 5 inches long, covered with bristly hairs in clusters of two to 30 DISTRIBUTION Catclaw mimosa is native to Mexico, Central America, South America and probably the West Indies. It is also widely distributed in large parts of continental Africa, as ° well as the islands of Madagascar and Mauritius, but it is unclear whether it is native or a very early introduction to Africa. This species has escaped from cultivation and 7Vouchered ion Map naturalized in northern Australia, Southeast Asia, the Galapagos Islands, Hawaii and Florida. In Florida, it has �Vouchered been vouchered by herbarium specimens from a few moo counties in the southern peninsula. Page 178 of 220 Mimosa pigra - catclaw mimosa Dcr Q - 0 �e. AVPF � �.� - •�► flowers 0- a � a � o � fruit fruit L CO - � jai r •� �; �y � � d._ t w AL leaf habitat Page 179 of 220 A enda Item #4 - Legume • - • . . . . tree The tree is frost-sensitive and is usually killed to the d during most winters in northern Florida; however, regrowth is rapid and most trees recover sufficiently to produce a large crop of seeds each year. This species is very similar to the tree Albiziajulibrissin (mimosa), but the flower . . HABITAT disturbed flatwoods, spoil areas, roadsides, and other weedy sites GROWTH FORM deciduous shrub or small tree to 25 feet tall has an open, spreading crown and smooth, pale gray-brown bark LEAVES alternate; twice-pinnately compound, to about a foot long; 4-9 pairs of pinnae (main divisions); dimple-like gland on the rachis; leaflets, with a pointed tip and an uneven base, about '/z inch long and '/a inch wide; 13 to 17 pairs per pinna FLOWERS tiny, white or yellowish; in dense ball-like clusters (heads) about 3/4 inch in diameter 0 FRUIT flat pods, rounded or blunt at the tip or with a short, broad point, 5 to 7 inches long and an inch or less wide, reddish brown when mature; 10 to 20 flattened seeds SEEDLINGS first leaves pinnate, but twice-pinnate leaves quickly develop IDENTIFICATION small tree twice-pinnately compound leaves dimple-like gland on the rachis during flowering, numerous tiny, white or yellowish-white flowers in dense, spherical heads during fruiting, numerous seed pods, reddish brown when mature DISTRIBUTION The lead tree is native to Mexico and Central America, but it is cultivated throughout the tropics, and it has widely escaped and naturalized. In the United States, it has been ` reported from Arizona, California, Florida, Hawaii and Texas. Lead tree has been collected in scattered counties from Alachua County to the Keys (Monroe County). 7Speciiesribution Maped �Vouchered ,,• Page 180 of 220 Leucaena leucocephala - white lead tree x' �y Qs: " B r{a w Ie .I seedling ' r 7 _N z m @ L fruit .Fa growth form z 1' N � @ u � O (6 Z IMP— 5 U) Y � U @ 46 leaf gland ofc2,W Agenda Item #4 •••- - --- - Goodenia Family Rce9ev• . • . beach The name of this species has been the source of considerable debate. Other names that have been used include Scaevola sericea, Scaevola koenigii and Scaevola frutescens. In Asia, the pith of the stems is used to make rice paper, and the leaves and fruit are said to be edible, but not palatable. In Florida, beach naupaka is displacing endangered native plant species. It grows rapidly and produces abundant seed, which has hastened its spread. HABITAT coastal strands, tidal swamps, beach dunes, rock barrens, maritime hammocks and disturbed coastal sites GROWTH FORM variable, evergreen, multi-stemmed shrub forming rounded mounds, usually 3 to 8 feet high, but can reach 16 feet LEAVES leathery, spirally arranged, densely clustered at the branch tips; 3 to 9 inches long, with a spoon-like shape; glossy, lime green; revolute (with the margins rolled under) FLOWERS in groups of three in short, axillary clusters; corolla is split along one side, fan-like, five pale green and white petal lobes, with faint dark lines running lengthwise 0 FRUIT single-seeded, globose to ovoid, fleshy, white fruits about %2 inch long with persistent sepals; small seeds are white to off-white in color, with longitudinally ridges SEEDLINGS juvenile leaves are similar to mature leaves IDENTIFICATION shrub near coastal strands or beaches similar to native inkberry, Scaevola plumieri leathery, flexible leaves 3 to 9 inches long, with margins often rolled under flower corolla split along one side, in a distinctive fan-like shape ripe fruit white in color (native inkberry fruit turns black when ripe) DISTRIBUTION Beach naupaka is native to coastal areas and islands of the Old World tropics and subtropics, including East Africa, Asia, the South Pacific and northern Australia. It is ' naturalized in Florida, the West Indies and possibly in other parts of tropical America. This species is found in frost-free l areas along the coast from Brevard and Pinellas counties Species Distribution Map southward. ❑Not Vouchered f Vouchered Page 182 of 220 Scaevola taccada - beach naupaka U C (0 a flower N L � U � L seedling fruit. E ► E Y Y co N U) in N N O O LL LL "_ habitat t-d', "�1s►� 4 � leaves Page 183 of 220 A enda Item #4. • • • - --- •- Family There is not general agreement as to the correct generic name for this plant(Triadica or Sapium), so we use the name as it appears in Rule 5B-57, Florida Administrative Code, where Sapium sebiferum is designated a noxious weed by the state of Florida. Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas have also designated it a noxious weed. Before its invasive character was known, Chinese tallow (also known as popcorn tree)was planted as an ornamental with leaves that turn brilliant shades of red in the fall. HABITAT mostly moist sites, from roadsides to mesic flatwoods and swamps GROWTH FORM deciduous tree to 40 feet tall, with an airy, rounded crown; abundant root suckers LEAVES alternate; blade roughly diamond-shaped, broad base and long-pointed tip, 1 to 3 inches long; petiole often as long as the blade; milky sap - FLOWERS separate male and female flowers in long, slender, drooping yellow catkins 0 FRUIT three-parted capsule, brown at maturity, with three white seeds, remaining on the branches and resembling a popped kernel of popcorn SEEDLINGS first leaves similar to adult leaves IDENTIFICATION simple diamond-shaped leaves, with long petioles and long, pointed tip conspicuous brown, three-lobed fruit with three white seeds like popped popcorn milky sap exuded when leaves are damaged DISTRIBUTION The tree is native to Central China and Japan, but it is widely cultivated for the oil in its seeds. It has escaped and has become a weed in various parts of the world, but particularly in Asia and Australia. In the United States, it is naturalized in the coastal states from North Carolina to ` Texas. It has been recorded from counties in all parts Species Distribution Map of Florida. ❑Not Vouchered f Vouchered Page 184 of 220 Sapium sebiferum (Triadica sebifera) — Chinese tallow U nda 0 U U L yY U r r k es A �L a .4 r leaves Z 7 2E P N o - E -,gyp ,�. _ �M•,,. (D _U C y � @ 7P O t' m O seedling fruit T O L O U U habitat flower Page 185 of 220 Agenda Item #4. Myrsinaceae e Family r " rdisla crenataardisia This ecies is a multi-stemmed shrub to 6 feet but It is sometimes . . .. ..-. from cultivation and is now thoroughly naturalized. The dense clusters of bright red berries ripen in winter. HABITAT dense stands of coral ardisia cover forest understories, especially wetter areas, and shade out seedlings of native ground covers GROWTH FORM multi-stemmed shrub up to 6 feet tall; usually no more than 3 feet tall; large underground storage stem; plants resprout after fire or stem damage LEAVES alternate, elliptic, evergreen, glossy, up to about 8 inches long; margins are conspicuously crenate (scalloped) FLOWERS in the axils of the leaves in dense, drooping, rounded clusters; five, small, pale pink or white petals FRUIT bright red when ripe, round, about V3 inch in diameter, in dense drooping clusters; occasional plants with white or pink fruits SEEDLINGS even very young plants have the characteristic leaves with scalloped margins IDENTIFICATION understory shrub glossy green leaves with conspicuously crenate (scalloped) margins; nodules in the crenations bright red, round fruit about V3 inch in diameter, in dense drooping clusters, persisting through the winter small, white or pale pink, star-shaped flowers other species of Ardisia occur in Florida, but only coral ardisia has leaves with scalloped margins and red fruit DISTRIBUTION Coral ardisia is native to temperate and tropical Asia, from Japan to northern India, but has been widely introduced in other areas as an ornamental and has become naturalized ` in Alabama, Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana and Texas as well as Florida. In Florida, the shrub is usually found in rich, moist, often dense woods in the panhandle and in the Species Distribution Map peninsula in scattered counties from Duval south to Lee ❑Not Vouchered and Palm Beach counties. 0Vouchered � Page 186 of 220 • Agenda r t4l' leaf LL flower 'ALI, resprouted young plant CL Ui whole plant unusual white fruit L „ r ., s x ` }{ f •s — M Page 187of 220 Agenda Item #4 - - Buckthorn Colubrina asiatica was used the plant as a traditional source of soap, medicine and fish poison. This fast-growing plant has become extremely problematic in hammocks of South Florida and the Keys where its dense growth is threatening native flora. HABITAT coastal dunes and hammocks, marshes, beaches and disturbed areas GROWTH FORM fast-growing, scrambling evergreen shrub with stems to 30 or more feet long LEAVES alternate, glossy green, serrate margins and three main veins arising from the base; 1.6 to 3.5 inches long by 1 to 2 inches wide FLOWERS small, green to white flowers in small clusters near leaf axils; five conspicuous sepals, five concave petals clasping a fleshy nectar ring; each petal enclosing a stamen FRUIT green and fleshy turning to brown and dry capsule containing three grayish brown seeds that float and are salt-tolerant SEEDLINGS first true leaves small, but resemble adult foliage IDENTIFICATION leaves with serrate margins with three main veins scrambling growth form upright glabrous stems crushed leaves producing a thin soapy lather in water DISTRIBUTION This species is native from eastern Africa across to 7Species southern Asia and Australia. It is also found naturally on some Pacific Islands, including Hawaii. The plant has spread from introductions in Jamaica throughout the Caribbean and to Mexico and Florida. Latherleaf has been documented along the central Florida coasts south through bution Mapthe Keys, where it is very common. Often, the plant invades ooucered coastal hammocks and dunes as well as mangrove forests, �Vouchered marshes and disturbed areas. Page 188 of 220 a F q A 400 qp • a. l ` Ak Ilk Apo 10 !A, 5. r / Awl- ' . h. Agenda Item #4 - Family introducedMelaleuca was first .. - In the 1930s, the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers planted it to stabilize levees on Lake Okeechobee, and seeds were spread from airplanes over the Everglades. FEDERAL NOXIOUS WEED FLEPPC-Cat. HABITAT usually expected in wetlands, but found in a variety of habitats, including scrub, sandhills, mesic to wet flatwoods, coastal hammocks, marshes, lakes, mangroves, coastal strands and disturbed sites GROWTH FORM evergreen tree to 80-100 feet tall; white, orangish-tan or gray peeling bark LEAVES alternate, narrowly lance-shaped or sickle-shaped, leathery, gray-green, usually with five parallel veins running lengthwise; strong eucalyptus aroma when crushed FLOWERS white, cream or greenish-white flowers in bottlebrush-like spikes at branch tips; conspicuous stamens, held in bundles of 5-10, fused at their bases FRUIT cup-shaped, woody capsules, approximately 3/8-inch-wide, in dense clusters along branches; each with hundreds of tiny seeds SEEDLINGS silvery hairs on young leaves, otherwise similar to adult leaves IDENTIFICATION evergreen tree with peeling white, orangish-tan or gray bark alternate, narrow, leathery, gray-green, leaves with (usually) five longitudinal veins bottlebrush-like of white flower clusters at the branch tips dense clusters of woody capsules along branches, persisting for years DISTRIBUTION Melaleuca is native to New South Wales and Queensland, Australia, New Caledonia and Papua New Guinea. It is widely cultivated in tropical regions and has naturalized ` in southern Africa, India, the Philippines, the West Indies, Central America, Guyana, Hawaii, Louisiana and Florida. l This species is found in central and southern Florida 7Vouchered ion Map counties. Melaleuca's impact is most profound in the i Everglades, where it forms dense stands that severely 0Vouchered impact the ecosystem by altering water flow, displacing f.. native plant species and reducing habitat and food sources for wildlife. Page 190 of 220 Melaleuca quinquenervia — melaleuca 20 tm r a fruit and leaves N + � m E LL 1i.. Iv 4 bark - r J flower U O N O (n � Y T N (0 d L (6 � C O .@ Z U) U) (6 C N a T C H seedling Agenda Item #4,r Myrsinaceae e Family Ir- r Ardisia elliptica - shoebutton • This evergreen tree or shrub invades natural areas, forming ps or thickets that crowd . other species. It is a pest plant in tropical and subtropical areas, including Hawaii. HABITAT escaped from cultivation into mesic hammocks in the central and southern peninsula GROWTH FORM evergreen tree or shrub, 15 to 20 feet in height, with a large tap root that aids in resprouting after fire or other damage LEAVES leathery, alternate leaves; entire, elliptic to elliptic-obovate or ovate; dotted with glands on the lower surface of the leaf blade; new leaves reddish FLOWERS axillary cluster of pinkish-purple, star-shaped flowers 0 FRUIT fruit looks like a berry, but is a round drupe (like a peach fruit, with a single seed), about '/4 inch across; first white, and then maturing from red to purple to black SEEDLINGS first true leaves are similar to mature leaves IDENTIFICATION tree or shrub in dense stands within natural areas new foliage is often with a red tint conspicuous clusters of small, purplish-pink, star-shaped flowers in the axils of leaves black fruit (when ripe) DISTRIBUTION This species is possibly native to India, but certainly 7Species tropical Asia, and is now found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Documented occurrences of shoebutton ardisia are known from several coastal counties in the central and southern peninsula. This species thrives ` in maritime hammocks, coastal forests, swamplands, bution Map flatwoods and waste places in South Florida. d Vouchered �o Page 192 of 220 r� rye - i ° mop Of Bob- rjr � AL °t Agenda Item #4 • - - - - -•- Family . tropical • , apple Tropical soda apple is a fast-growing, rapidly spreading species that adapts to a broad range of environmental conditions. It displaces native plant species and poses a serious threat to the cattle and vegetable industries.A successful biocontrol program using the tropical soda apple leaf-eating beetle, Gratiana boliviana, has helped control this weed by causing extensive defoliation. FEDERAL NOXIOUS WEED FLEPPC-Cat. HABITAT pastures, citrus groves, vegetable fields and roadsides as well as natural areas of scrub, flatwoods, swamps, floodplain forests and edges of pinelands and hammocks GROWTH FORM shrubby, herbaceous perennial, 3 to 6 feet tall; stems finely pubescent with simple hairs and broad-based, curved prickles (occasionally straight prickles also) LEAVES alternate, glistening, ovoid, slightly sticky blades, three to five broad lobes on each side, 4 to 8 inches long, covered with a mix of simple, gland-tipped and stellate (star- shaped) hairs (seen with a 10X hand lens); petioles to 2 inches long; straight, rigid, yellowish prickles along midvein and secondary veins on upper and lower surfaces and petiole FLOWERS star shaped with 5 white petals and 5 prominent, pale-yellow anthers in clusters of up to 5 flowers FRUIT spherical berries '/2 to 1'/2 inches across; immature fruit pale green with darker green markings, turning dull yellow; up to 400, small, rounded seeds SEEDLINGS first leaves and petioles have prickles IDENTIFICATION shrubby plant with prickles and hairy, sticky-feeling leaves immature fruit pale green with darker green markings, turning dull yellow when ripe most often found in pastures and agricultural fields DISTRIBUTION Although native to South America, tropical soda apple is now naturalized in the West Indies, Mexico and Central America, as well as tropical regions of Africa, Asia and ` Australia. It has invaded the United States, from North Carolina and Tennessee west to Texas and Oklahoma. l First reported from Florida in 1988, tropical soda apple Species Distribution Map has now been vouchered with herbarium specimens from ❑NotVouchered most counties in the peninsula and several in the eastern 0 Vouchered � e`e panhandle. Page 194 of 220 _ Mks Kj N:rBAD _Ile If ALIMC rAll ak JL vt- r _ a + } r • w f Y a r 4 - Agenda Item #4 • - - - Black ade Family -Solanum torvum - - This is an evergreen, multi-branched shrub or small tree that can grow to 16 feet high. Branchlets bear stellate (star-shaped) hairs and scattered, flattened, broad-based, straight to slightly hooked prickles (absent on older woody branches). FEDERAL NOXIOUS WEED FLEPPC-Cat. HABITAT usually open, disturbed areas (with full to partial sun exposure), such as roadsides, agricultural fields, pastures and cleared woodlands, but also dry to mesic hammocks, floodplain marshes and swamps GROWTH FORM evergreen, multi-branched shrub or small tree and grow up to 16 feet tall LEAVES alternate, blade is 3-10 in. long, oblong to ovate in shape, irregularly lobed or unlobed; upper leaf surface, is green and stellate pubescent; lower surface, paler grayish-green and more densely stellate pubescent with scattered prickles along the midveins FLOWERS stalks of up to 100 bright white, star-shaped flowers, 1/2 to 1 inch across in a mix of bisexual and staminate (male) flowers at leaf axils; scattered stellate hairs and simple gland-tipped hairs are found on the calyx 0 FRUIT globose to ovoid fruit, to inch wide, yellow to brown at maturity; in erect clusters SEEDLINGS cotyledons with short trichomes; first true leaves green, pubescent, with irregular lobes; petioles may be purple-tinged or green IDENTIFICATION tree-like habit (or at least the development of woody tissue) stout, flattened, slightly hooked prickles petiolate leaves with oblique bases and dense stellate hairs below bright white flowers with short, glandular hairs mixed with stellate hairs on the inflorescence branches, pedicels and calyces clusters of blueberry-sized fruit that turn yellow, orange or brownish with age DISTRIBUTION Turkeyberry is native to the West Indies (including the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles and the Lesser Antilles), Mexico, Central America and northern and western South America. In Florida, it has been documented with herbarium specimens mainly in southern Florida, but also ` in Columbia County. 7SpeciesDistribution Map I Vouchered Page 196 of 220 1 m 11 / q 3111111 dot i Ty � _ — f'' 1, a0'`'•' �— y �� ��• R � ' •# _ate; � . a. 1i . t r' � � 5 4- r a 3 •ram;. -.�+ 1 T I y� ' A enda Item #4 • - - - - -•- Family • . • - - nightshade This species, known as aquatic soda apple and scrambling nightshade as well as wetland nightshade, is especially difficult to control. Plants resprout readily, and in full sun, plants produce flowers and fruit year-round. It displaces native species by forming extensive, impenetrable thickets in remote areas, in full sun or deep shade in hammocks, on ditch banks and along roadsides. FEDERAL NOXIOUS WEED FLEPPC-Cat. HABITAT floodplain forests, swamps, disturbed and regularly flooded wetlands, open marshes GROWTH FORM sprawling to clambering multi-stemmed shrub with a woody base or small tree; stems to 16 feet tall with broad-based, curved prickles; forming dense, tangled thickets LEAVES alternate, ovate to lanceolate, 3 to 9 inches long, and pinnately lobed with broad, rounded sinuses between the lobes; curved prickles on veins of lower surface; sometimes straight prickles along veins on the upper leaf surface; unlike tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum) not sticky to the touch FLOWERS borne in short-stalked clusters in the leaf axils; white corolla, about 5/8 inch wide, with five linear-lanceolate petals united only at the base; bright yellow anthers 0 FRUIT globose berries, about 3/8 inch in diameter; lustrous surface changing from green to orange to red; 10 to 60 flattened, roundish, yellow to tan seeds SEEDLINGS first true leaves green with sinuate margins, glabrous or with a few short hairs; purple main veins, petiole and prickles IDENTIFICATION sprawling to clambering multi-stemmed shrub or small tree found growing near water in dense thickets clusters of small (less than 3/8 inch wide) fruit, maturing red pubescent leaves with stellate hairs only (no sticky, glandular hairs) DISTRIBUTION Wetland nightshade is native to Cuba, the Cayman Islands, Mexico and Central America. This species has been observed in a few central Florida counties and the Keys ° of Monroe County. It has invaded three major river basins, including the Peace River drainage, Fisheating Creek (part l of the western Okeechobee River drainage), and the Big 7Vouchered n Map Cypress Swamp drainage. f Vouchered Page 198 of 220 W F lost �• ;y y r 4 y y • k. Agenda Item #4 ir Casuanna • • pines Three species of glauca. noxiousThe latter two are listed as Prohibited Aquatic Plants.Also, hybrids of Casuarina in Florida with intermediate characteristics make species-level field identification difficult. For that reason,this guide will help you to recognize the genus, not species or hybrids. HABITAT dense stands GROWTH FORM evergreen tree with gray-brown to reddish-brown bark, smooth and peeling on younger trees, becoming rough and furrowed with age LEAVES true leaves are tiny, triangular, scale-like; arranged in whorls at the end of each branchlet; structures that appear to be needle-like leaves are slender, segmented branchlets, olive-green to gray-green with minute, longitudinal ridges FLOWERS tiny, inconspicuous; C. equisetifolia is monoecious, with male and female flowers on a single tree; C. glauca and C. cunninghamiana are dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate trees. 0 FRUIT '/6 to inch long, single seeded, samaras, borne in woody, cone-like fruiting heads '/2 to 1 inch long SEEDLINGS even very young plants have the characteristic branchlets with segments that break apart IDENTIFICATION trees, superficially like pines, which have needle-like leaves in bundles of two to five needles, but on Casuarina the needle-like structures are branchlets that snap apart in segments true leaves are tiny, triangular, scales arranged in a whorl around the branchlet samaras, borne in woody, cone-like fruiting heads '/2 to 1 inch long no pine fragrance DISTRIBUTION Of the three Australian pine species found in Florida, C. equisetifolia has the widest native distribution, ranging from the Andaman and Casuarina glauca Nicobar Islands through Southeast Asia, Malesia and the western Pacific Islands to northern and eastern Australia. Casuarina Species Distribution Map cunninghamiana and C. glauca are native Australia.All three are ❑Not Vouchered cultivated throughout the subtropics and tropics. In Florida, C. 0Vouchered equisetifolia and C. glauca are most common in coastal habitats near brackish or salt water; C. cunninghamiana is typically found on the fringes of freshwater rivers and streams and can occur further inland than the two other species. In Florida,Australian pine is found in frost-free areas most often on coastal strands, but also in tidal swamps, beach dunes, rock barrens, maritime hammocks and Casuarina equisetifolia l disturbed coastal sites. Casuarina equisetifolia is the most common and widespread Australian pine species in FP)r�.e 200 Of 220 Casuarina spp. - Australian pines � T E ge to - m o � "# - f C. equisetifolia female flower j;' C, equisetifolia male flower E r, St t s C. glauca fruitk� _ :� ' '* Casuarina equisetifolia in landscape/growth form M { 2- O ; oc a) ti T ii m YA 0 leaf, fruit and seeds Casuarina equisetifolia seedling Page 201 of 220 Agenda Item #4,r Oleaceae - Family Chinese privet was introduced .. southeasternescaped from cultivation by the 1930s. It has colonized abandoned homesteads, vacant lots, pastures and forests and is now regarded as one of the major weeds of woodland habitats in the -• HABITAT usually open, low and moist disturbed sites, but also reported from upland hammocks, pinelands, floodplains, maritime hammocks, beach dunes and edges of swamps, marshes, lakes and streams GROWTH FORM evergreen to semi-deciduous shrub or small tree to 16 feet tall; shallow, but extensive root system, with frequent suckers that help form dense stands LEAVES opposite to subopposite; petioles (leaf stalks) and leaf undersides sparsely pubescent; ovate to elliptic leaf blades, less than 2 inches long FLOWERS tiny, white to off-white flowers borne in 2- to 4-inch-long, cone-shaped clusters at branch tips and leaf axils; disagreeable odor 0 FRUIT small (less than 1/4 inch long), blue-black; one to four seeds SEEDLINGS first true leaves opposite and similar to adult leaves IDENTIFICATION dense stands of shrubs or small trees hairy twigs with raised, tan-colored lenticels (plant pores) blunt-tipped, opposite leaves less than 2 inches long with hairs on leaf undersides cone-shaped clusters of tiny, white flowers with a disagreeable odor DISTRIBUTION Chinese privet is native to China, Vietnam and Laos. It is naturalized in South Africa, the Mascarene Islands, Australia, New Zealand, the Pacific Islands, Argentina ° and much of the eastern and central United States, from southern New England west to Kansas and south to Texas and Florida. It is particularly problematic in wetlands and Species Distribution Map moist forests in the southeastern United States. This ❑Not Vouchered species has been documented with herbarium specimens 0Vouchered ��� from most of the panhandle, parts of North and Central Florida and Miami-Dade County. Page 202 of 220 Ligustrum sinense - Chinese privet N C 4�' 7 " a - C _ 3 J Y Pt - U ~ C z �16 AV ,j „� r seedlings a , TM r a flower r'- _ fruit Y � Y LL ,. ca o a Fj LL ' 3, # + +5 co growth form ` ' �.; ' , leaves Page 203 of 220 A enda Item #4 e Family r' — Rhodomyrtus tomentosa • • This attractive ornamental with sweet and edible fleshy fruits was introduced into Florida in the 1920s, where it soon escaped and rapidly became a serious pest. It is fire-resistant, resprouting rapidly after being burned, and it forms dense stands in pinelands and other habitats, mostly in the central part of the state. HABITAT varied sites including scrub, coastal strands and flatwoods GROWTH FORM shrub growing to 6 feet tall with many branches LEAVES opposite, leathery evergreen with three conspicuous main veins; densely hairy on the underside with gray or tawny hairs, occasionally glabrous (without hairs); oval, blunt at the apex, 2 to 3 inches long FLOWERS growing singly or a few together in the axils of the leaves; five rose-pink petals, central mass of pink stamens FRUIT juicy berry is about '/2 inch across, turning dark purple when ripe, blueberry shape, up to 200 small seeds SEEDLINGS young leaves similar to adult leaves IDENTIFICATION shrub with opposite leaves three-nerved leaves, dark green on the upper side and gray or tawny on the underside from dense hairs rosy pink flowers with five petals and many stamens DISTRIBUTION The downy myrtle is native to southern and southeastern Asia, from India to the Philippines and Indonesia, where it grows in a variety of habitats from sea level to 7,000 feet ' elevation. It has been introduced into the Pacific Islands where it has become seriously invasive. In the United ` States, it has only been recorded from Hawaii and Florida, 7Vouchered bution Map where it has been documented in scattered counties, from Central Florida to Collier and Palm Beach counties in 0 Vouchered the south. Page 204 of 220 y r �Y 3 7 f+. `4, Y • r � ,'� , :4� Agenda Item #4. Noxious Weed Species COMMONNAME SCIENTIFIC NAME •. air potato Dioscorea bulbifera Australian pine Casuarina spp. • • • beach naupaka Scaevola taccada • • • Brazilian pepper Schinus terebinthifolius • • • Burma reed Neyraudia reynaudiana carrotwood Cupaniopsis anacardioides • • • catclaw mimosa Mimosa pigra • • • cat's claw vine Dolichandra unguis-cati Chinese privet Ligustrum sinense • • • Chinese tallow Sapium sebiferum I • • • climbing hempweed Mikania micrantha coat buttons Tridax procumbens - • cogongrass Imperata cylindrica coral ardisia Ardisia crenata • • • dodder Cuscuta spp. downy myrtle Rhodomyrtus tomentosa • • • itchgrass Rottboellia cochinchinensis Japanese climbing fern Lygodium japonicum Japanese honeysuckle Lonicera japonica kudzu Pueraria montana Kyasuma grass Pennisetum pedicellatum ■ latherleaf Colubrina asiatica • • • little bell morning glory Ipomoea triloba melaleuca Melaleuca quinquenervia • • • missiongrass, thin napiergrass Pennisetum polystachyon rosary pea Abrus precatorius �h sessile joyweed Alternanthera sessi/is - • shoebutton ardisia Ardisia elliptica • • • skunkvine and sewervine Paederia spp. small-leaved climbing fern Lygodium microphyllum tropical soda apple Solanum viarum • • • tropical spiderwort Commelina benghalensis turkeyberry Solanum torvum • • • wetland nightshade Solanum tampicense • • • white lead tree Leucaena leucocephala • • • white yam Dioscorea alata wild sugarcane Saccharum spontaneum yellow bristlegrass Setaria pumila Pa 20 to,pW"ffie#49ulated by the state of Florida, based on CHAPTER Additional Information Sources Websites FDACS DPI https://www.freshfromflorida.com/Divisions-Offices/Plant-Industry/Bureaus-and-Services/ Bureau-of-Entomology-Nematology-Pl ant-Pathology/Botany/Noxious-Weeds OF/IFAS Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu OF/IFAS Assessment of Non-native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas https://assessrf-ierit.ifas.ufl.edu/ Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council http://www.fleppc.org/ Federal Noxious Weed List https://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant health/plant pest_info/weeds/downloads/weedlist.pdf Books Bryson, C.T. and M.W.DeFelice. 2009. Weeds of the South. University of Georgia Press, Athens, Georgia. 468 p. Langeland, K.A., H.M. Cherry, C.M. McCormick and K.A.Craddock Burks. 2008. Nonnative plants in Florida's natural areas. The University of Florida, IFAS Communications Services, Gainesville, Florida. 193 p. Simberloff, D. et al. 1997. Strangers in paradise: impact and management of nonindigenous species in Florida. Island Press, Washington, DC. 479 p. Acknowledgements This guide would not have been possible without the much appreciated effort of DPI staff, especially Scott Burton and other staff of our Technical Assistance Section, including Denise Feiber, Christina Bunch and Jeff Lotz. Staff from our Bureau of Plant and Apiary Inspection were also extremely helpful in planning this guide. The work of all the volunteers and professionals who provide information about noxious weeds or attempt to control them is noted with gratitude. The photographs made easily available from Bugwood https://www.bugwood.org, Florida Plant Atlas http://florida.plantatias.usf.edu and wikipedia https://www.wikipedia.org are appreciated. Photographers are acknowledged for individual photographs within the guide. Fresh From Florida.com 1 -888-397-1517 Page 207 of 220 FDACS-P-01886 Rev.09/18 Agenda Item #4. Palm Beach County ERM Prohibited Plants r South Florida's warm tropical climate creates growing season for plants all year long. Unfortunately, this also encourages plants introduced from other regions and even continents, either purposefully or accidentally, to proliferate. These nonnative plants often become invasive due to their ability to grow quickly, produce abundant seeds, flourish in a wide range of soil conditions and live without their natural enemies to keep them in check. Invasive nonnative plants displace native plants species, turning healthy, diverse habitats into monocultures that offer little in the way of food or shelter to Florida's native animals. H I D ACCESSIBILITY& E TRANSLATIONS Page 208 of 220 Agenda Item #4. Rol- � it ♦� Why Should You Care About These Nonnative Invasive Plants? HEALTH: They pose serious health threats to persons allergic to pollen or sap. DAMAGE TO PROPERTY: Many of these plants are easily damaged during high wind events due to brittle wood and/or shallow root systems. MESSY: Some plants produce large quantities of fruits which stain sidewalks, patios, and cars. DESTROY PARADISE: Florida's forests and wetlands are being devoured by plants such as Old World climbing fern which blankets large areas of central and southern Florida. Nonnative Invasive Plants Prohibited in Palm Beach County Article 14.0 of Palm Beach County's Unified Land Development Code Requires removal of nine (listed below) nonnative invasive plants prior to receipt of a :ertificaW of Occupancy for new construction in unincorporated Palm Beach County. Prohibit' planting any of these nine nonnative invasive plants. ACCESSIBIPItoperti@s in unincorporated Palm Beach County improved after 1986 must remain clear TRANSLATThese nine nonnative invasive plants. Page 209 of 220 Agenda Item #4. Individual municipalities may have their own nonnative invasive plant removal requirements. Article 14.11) of Palm Beach County's Unified Land Development Code Requires removal of nine (listed below) nonnative invasive plants on all properties within 500 feet of a designated natural area, including those in municipalities. Requires the removal of Old World climbing fern and air potato from all developed properties countywide. Air potato Dioscorea ,bulbifera ram . r �..f. k 1q - •:!i ,.r 4r Identifying Characteristics: Vine with stems up to 60 feet. Heart-shaped leaves. Aerial tubers ("potatoes") are round, brown and -), :,e in siA from golf ball to tennis ball size. Growth Characteristics: RSF.I I"TY6sidential areas, growing on fence lines and trees, especially in shady areas. Dormant in TRANSLATIONS winter, dropping tubers that sprout in spring. Page 210 of 220 Agenda Item #4. Did you Know? Introduced in 1905 from tropical Asia for commercial use to provide food for livestock. Brazilian pepper Schinus tere,binthifolius r.. Identifying Characteristics: Multi-trunked shrub or tree; can grow up to 40 feet tall, forming thickets. Crushed leaves smell peppery or like turpentine. Produces clusters of red berries. Growth Characteristics: Salt-tolerant, able to withstand flooding, fire and drought. Sprouts easily from trunk and roots. Seeds spread by widlife (birds and small mammals). Did You Know? Relative of poison ivy. Sap may irritate skina and pollen may cause respiratory irritation. H I D ACCESSIBILITY& E TRANSLATIONS Page 211 of 220 Agenda Item #4. Earleaf acacia t Acacia auriculiformi 1 Identifying Characteristics: Tree up to 50 feet tall. Leaves are blade-like and slightly curved, up to 8 inches long. Fruits are produced in flat, brown, oblong pods which are twisted at maturity. Growth Characteristics: Invades pinelands, scrub, and hammocks. A fast-growing, brittle tree that breaks easily in storms. Displaces native vegetation and threaten to shade out rare plants. Did You Know? Originally from Australia and Indonesia. Introduced during the early 1930s as a landscape plant. Old World climbing fern Lygodium microphyllum H I D ACCESSIBILITY& E TRANSLATIONS Page 212 of 220 Agenda Item #4. wim ow ' N -44 wdPi �1 ` ` I Identifying Characteristics: Vine-like fern that can grow up to 90 feet. Wiry stems may be green to orange, turning dark brown or black. Leaves are 2 to 6 inches long and 2 to 3 inches wide. Growth Characteristics: Will grow in shady or sunny areas. Form mats up to 4 feet thick on trees and shrubs, smothering native vegetation. Reproduce by millions of spores spread by wind. Did You Know? Facilitates the spread of fire into the tree canopy which can fuel destructive wildfires. Australian pine H I D ACCESSIBILITY& E TRANSLATIONS Page 213 of 220 Agenda Item #4. Casuarina spp. Identifying Characteristics: Evergreen tree up to 150 feet tall. Although the tree resembles a pine, it doe snot have needles. Seeds form woody, cone-like clusters about 3/4 inch long. Growth Characteristics: Found on sandy shores, pinelands and road shoulders. Grows very fast - 5 to 10 feet per year. Trees blow over easily in storms due to shallow root systems. Did You Know? Introduced in the early 1900s and planted as windbreaks and shade trees. Ca rrotwood Cupaniopsis anacardioides H I D ACCESSIBILITY& E TRANSLATIONS Page 214 of 220 Agenda Item #4. Identifying Characteristics: Tree up to 35 feet tall. Leaves are evergreen, shiny and leathery. Fruits are formed in 1 inch capsules and are yellow to orange when ripe - split to reveal 3 seeds. Growth Characteristics: Grows in wet and dry areas, in any soil type, in full sun or full shade. Invades coastal sites including mangroves, cypress swamps, and marshes. Seeds dispersed by birds. Did You Know? Introduced as landscape plant in the 1960s. Dropped fruits can stain sidewalks and cars. Kudzu Pueraria montana var. lobata H I D ACCESSIBILITY& E TRANSLATIONS Page 215 of 220 Agenda Item #4. k � t a t , J Identifying Characteristics: Vine with rope-like brown woody stems up to 100 feet long. Lavender flowers bloom June to September. Fruits are clustered, dry, flattened, bean pods. Growth Characteristics: Occurs along streams and roadsides. Forms dense mats over the ground, debris, shrubs, and trees. Can kill a tree by blocking out all sunlight. Did You Know? Found throughout the southeast. More common in northern Florida than southern Florida. Melaleuca Melaleuca quinquenervia H I D ACCESSIBILITY& E TRANSLATIONS Page 216 of 220 Agenda Item #4. a 4 4 k r Identifying Characteristics: Tree up to 100 feet tall. White, many-layered peeling bark. Leaves smell like camphor when crushed. Fruits are small, brown, cone-like clusters that can hold up to 300 seeds. Growth Characteristics: Prefers wet sites such as lake shores, swamps and wetlands. Sprouts easily from stumps and roots. Spreads rapidly, creating thickets. Releases seeds when stressed. Did you Know? May cause headaches, rashes, asthma attacks and respiratory irritation in some people. Queensland umbrella tree Schefflera actinolphylla H I D ACCESSIBILITY& E TRANSLATIONS Page 217 of 220 Agenda Item #4. 'I y ' I i� I Y ' Identifying Characteristics: Evergreen tree up to 40 feet tall. Leaves up to 2 feet long, shiny, palm-like shape. Red flowers appear in dense clusters above foliage. Growth Characteristics: Found in a variety of habitats, from cypress swamps to sand pine scrub. Can be found growing in seedlings in the boots of cabbage palms (similar to strangler figs). Did You Know? Introduced in 1927 for use as an indoor house plant and outdoor landscaping. 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