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HomeMy WebLinkAboutHandouts_Regular_04/12/2007ommunities al- over America are responding to the threat ` of global warming with smart energy solutions. These "Cool Cities" are taking decisive action to reduce heat-trapping emissions, lower energy bills, save taxpayer dollars, and protect our environment. At a time when the federal government is failing to act, mayors and other local lead- ersare taking the lead to curb global warm- ing. Beginning with Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels, more than 200 mayors represent- ing 42 million Americans in 38 states have signed the U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement to reduce global warming car- bondioxide (COz) pollution in their cities to 7 percent below 1990 levels by 2012 (see seattle.gov/mayor/climate). These Cooi Cities are working to meet this goal with practical and innovative energy solutions that reduce energy waste and pol- Iution,and thereby cut our dependence on oil, beneftt public health, and save money. GLOBAL WARMING: NOW IS THE TIME TO ACT Scientists have concluded that burning fossil fuels-like oil, coal, and natural gas-to power our cars, homes, and businesses is causing global temperatures to rise. This heating of the earth poses a serious threat to our health, safety, economy, and environment The good news is that we have the tools today to reduce global warming pollution, and cities of all sizes are pursuing innovative energy solutions. While every city's energy solutions plan will be unique, there are three key com- mon Cooi Gty strategies: Green Vehicle Fleets, Energy Efficiency, and Renewable Energy. GREEN VEHICLE SOLUTIONS The biggest single step we can take to curb global warming is making our cars, trucks, and SUVs go farther on a gallon of gas. Many cities are cutting their global warming emissions by purchasing gas-electric hybrid cars and SUVs for their city vehicle fleet. By using less gasoline, hybrid vehicles release a fraction of the global warming and ~Ilclgc.-~---4~ Lc~ n~ ~l~-~~3 C04L CITIES TAKE THE LEAD air pollution emitted by conventional vehi- cles while saving money at the gas pump. Some cities are also providing incentives, such as free parking and lower registration fees, to encourage the purchase of hybrids by local residents and businesses. ENERGY EFFICIENCY SOLUTIONS Energy efficiency means using less energy through better technology to light streets and power buildings and industrial facilities. Reducing energy use is one of the most cost-effective and fastest ways to meet our energy needs. Lowering energy costs enables communities to invest more in schools, job creation, and new infrastructure. Since fossil fuel power plants account for more than one-third of U5. global warm- ing emissions, saving energy also means tlean Harvest Waverly Light & Power in Iowa has Installed wind turbines on land leased from local farmers, creating clean electricity for the city and additional income for farmers. Cod Mayor: Mayor Joseph Adams, of University Ctty, Missouri, accepts the Sierra Uub's Cool City award for signing the U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement. less pollution. From high-tech interior and street lighting, energy~fficient building standards and retrofits, to efficient com- bined heat-and-power, cities in every region of the country are modernizing lighting, heating, cooling, and other systems. meet the goals of the U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement. Local businesses, builders, faith groups, environmentalists, and labor unions are working together to make their cities more livable and vibrant while lowering energy bills, creating good jobs, and tackling a global problem. RE-ENERGIZING YOUR CITY As the news of successful city solutions spreads, more cities are joining in the Cool Cities movement to lead our country and our world into a new energy future. Cool Cities are literally re-energizing our nation, proving that we can solve global warming one city at a time. Now it's your cites turn. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS Cities across the nation are investing in clean and renewable power like solar and wind energy to lower global warming emissions and create a reliable source of safe, homegrown electricity. Many cities are adopting "renewable ener- gy standards" that require a specific per- centage ofthe electricity sold in a city or utility area to come from renewable sources by a specific target date. Other cities are incorporating renewable energy technologies, such as solar photo- voltaic panels, into the design of public buildings. Renewable power and energy efficiency are essential solutions for replac- ing electricity from dirty, fossil-fuel-burn- ing power plants. ue thr~ tl.S. iN~lygFS C~ma~e 'ectlor~Ageeere~ea~i<tes r~uc ~aEwarming palfution reern ~rouc qty`s; vehicle i, hidancl o~ cl ears -------r -----~---_-~: ~_..~.--~ technc~gY ~. Itnrest is de~a~x a safe reloewabl~r energy LEARN MORE: COOL CITIES: BRINGING COMMUNITIES TOGETHER The most successful Cool Cities are engaging the entire community to help For a list of cities that are becoming "cool," and for resources and specific examples of smart energy city solutions and model action plans, go to sierracl ub.org/coolcities. SIERRA CLUB HEADQUARTERS: 85 SeCOnd St, Second Floor • San Francisco, CA 94105 • (4i 5) 977-5500 MAttCH 2006 TERRA aus LEWSLAATNE oFRCE: 408 C St NE • Washington, DC 20002 • (202) 547-1141 • sierraclub.org Florida ~ Sierra Club ~ Cool Cities Campaign http://www.coolcities. us/taxonomy_menu/2/2' ~. i Alabama Nome Alaska - ------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------- Arizona _ -------------------------- - Florida Arkansas California ---------------------------- Parlssart~, ~loritia Colorado ---------------------------- The mayor ofthis city, Michael Udine, has signed the U.S. Mayors ~;.onnecticut Climate Protection Agreement-the first step to becoming a Cool City. Ceiaware Be the first to sign up as an activist in this city and help the mayor ~isthcr of t'olumbia follow through on his or her commitment. Click the Get Involved button --'------- '---'--------'--~ on the right to register and join the Cool Cities community. Florida categories: Pari~ia~3~~ ) Gaines•~niie Gulf Breeze Hallandale Beach ~'aCiCSO1'tviile, F~ Holly Hiti Date of Adoption: May/26/2006 Hollywood Contact Name: Tom Larson Contact Email: NEFLSC~~msn.•~:om Jacksonville Contact Phone: Florida.SierraClub.org/Northeast Key Biscayne Why My City is Cool Key West Warming is causing glacier melt and thermal expansion of ocean water; Lauderhill sea level will rise and inundate coastal cities, such as Jacksonville, its Miami beaches and coastal islands & marshes. Climate change will affect Miramar hurricane storm risk. North Miami Parkland Pembroke Pines Pompano Beach Port St. Lucie Sunrise Tallahassee Tamarac West Palm Beach Georgia ---------------------------- Hawaii Idaho ---------------------------- illinois ---------------------------- Indiana owa Kansas Kentucl<.v Louisiana Maine ---------------------------- Marviand "~lassacrusetts ---------------------------- We intend to enjoy Sustainable Buildings Replace old vehicles with Clean & Green i-leet Set strict no-net-emissions' goals for JEA, the local publicly-owned electric, water & sewer utility. Jacksonville's mayor said, "We're already doing a lot of this you talk about." We hope to convince him he should commit to the MCPA soon. read more -------------------------------------------------------------------- Gainesville, Florida The mayor of this city, Pegeen Hanrahan, has signed the U. S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement-the first step to becoming a Cool City. Be the first to sign up as an activist in this city and help the mayor follow through on his or her commitment. Click the Get Involved button on the right to register and join the Cool Cities community. ( categories: Grinesville ) ~/ltest Palm beach, Florida The mayor of this city, Lois J. Frankel, has signed the U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement-the first step to becoming a Cool City. Be the first to sign up as an activist in this city and help the mayor follow through on his or her commitment. Click the Get Involved button on the right to register and join the Cool Cities community. Search Cool Cities Activists Login Problems Logging In? Click here There are currently 2 users and 21 guests online. Online users: • sarahkeen • Sylvie Download Download the the coolcities coolcities Guide fiact sheet Florida ~ Siena Club ~ Cool Cities Campaign http://www.coolcities.us/taxonomy_menu/2l2° .';i;i;nir~trn (Categorle5: 'J C'~% ~;~Ir?? ~~'~Ci' } 'vlinnescta ---------------------------- °~~lississi,;pi - - - '~~~x~9 ~~19a9°t'a!, ;~r•3~~ -- - ---------------------- `~lissouri The mayor of this city, Kevin Burns, has signed the U. S. Mayors ----"----------------------' Y1entana Climate Protection Agreement-the first step to becoming a Cool City. ---------------------------• Be the first to sign up as an activist in this city and help the mayor ~lebraska .__________________________, fallow through on his or her commitment. Click the Getlnvolvedbutton iV2vada ---------------------------- on the right to register and join the Cool Cities community. ~iz~N Harnpsr,tr- ---------------------------- { categories: i,4arh ih%rni ) ;`levv Jersey ~~ie`P/ 3VI L''}CICQ ~o~l~r Y-9~1~, 3-PO1"9~t~ nle~,v "crk The mayor of this city,William D. Arthur, has signed the U.S. Mayors '---'---'------------------' nlorth uaroiir~a Climate Protection Agreement-the first step to becoming a Coof City. Be the first to sign up as an activist in this city and help the mayor _darri~ ~~a1«ta--------------• follow through on his or her commitment. Click the Get Involved button Ohio ---------------------------- on the right to register and join the Cool Cities community. t~ldai~cma (categories: roii} ~;; } Oregon ---------------------------- ~'ennsyivania rBftlpatio ~~iiC~dl, D'?Orlt;la ---------------------------- Rhode •.siant7 The mayor of this city, John C. Rayson, has signed the U.S. Mayors -----"---"--"--'---'-'--"' 5 th O ii Climate Protection Agreement-the first step to becoming a Cool City. uu arn na ---------------------------• Be the first to sign up as an activist in this city and help the mayor South Dai<ota ---------------------------• follow throw h on his or her commitment. Click the Get Involved button 9 r ennessee on the right to register and join the Cool Ci#ies community. Texas (categories: ~©rrpano Ssrci~ } Utah '/ermant eJ Bis+cayne, ~101'i+d~ Vir,inia The mayor of this city, Robert Oldakowski, has signed the U.S. Mayors -~--~-~--------------------- Climate Protection Agreement-the first step to becoming a Cool City. bVashingten •--------------------------- Be the first to sign up as an activist in this city and help the mayor 'Nest VirrJin~a •--------------------------• follow throw h on his or her commitment. Click the Get Involved button 9 1Nisconsm --- on the right to register and join the Cool Cities community. ------------------------- ~Ny~ominC (categories: I~Cey Biscayne } {.Ir1PBS~, =lo~ida The mayor of this city, Steven B. Feren, has signed the U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement-the first step to becoming a Cool City. Be the first to sign up as an activist in this city and help the mayor follow through on his or her commitment. Click the Get Involved button on the right to register and join the Cool Cities community. ( categories:anrise } ~~udert'lilt, ~tos'lda The mayor of this city, Richard J. Kaplan, has signed the U.S. Mayors Climate Protection 1~greement the first step to becoming a Cool City. Be the first to sign up as an activist in this city and help the mayor follow through on his or her commitment. Click the Get Involved button on the right to register and join the Cool Cities community. ( CategorleS: 1 3lYderhlll } ~ ._ ;lQxT. ~,:a Vie;' ?aS iix'3CjE' Sign our Petition -Sierra Club http:!/www. sierraclub. org/petition/energysolution: ER~, Y TT environmental update fk-d Dire about Issues that matter w you my i5a+ckyatd ~ ip touch with es~erits, 3~u~ea ~d ciwrstm to ~+our ~ r4oHOw ~aa Our Conservation Initiatives ~ Select a Place .. ... •.. r Get Started: Sign Our Petition! Senator d~ete D~rrtenici ~iaairartasa, senate Ct~rrtrnrttee ran fs~er~y aa~d aVatura~ es+ocrr~cas Representative oe Barts3rt ~'~aarrrean, ~-lnte~e .or~artaittee ~~~~ ~~se~~y seed ~onDmerce Dear Senator Domenici and Representative Barton, America deserves a better energy future, one that relies on clean 21st century technology. From hybrid cars to solar panels to energy-efficient buildings, American innovation can lead us toward a safer, cleaner, and more prosperous future. Smart energy solutions will not only curb global warming and cut the country's dependence on fossil fuels, but it will spur economic growth. Our current reliance on polluting sources of energy like oil, coal, and nuclear power puts our country at risk. Each day, the signs of global warming are becoming clearer, and at the same time, our country's oil dependence forces us to rely on politically unstable regions that threaten our national security. A responsible energy policy would i. increase the fuel economy of our cars, trucks, and SUVs, 2. boost energy efficiency to lower energy bills, and 3, increase production of clean, renewable energy sources like wind and solar power. I am taking personal responsibility by making my home and my lifestyle more energy-efficient. Meanwhile, across the country, more than 220 mayors representing more than 43 million Americans in 43 states have pledged to significantly cut their cities' global warming emissions by putting smart energy solutions to work. States are also moving forward with renewable energy standards, energy efficiency programs, and emissions standards that will cut global warming pollution from vehicles. But they cannot do it alone. You and other leaders in Washington, D,C., must move the country forward. Building a smart energy future is our challenge and our responsibility. I urge you to support efforts to create a new energy policy for America that harnesses the power of smart energy solutions to curb global warming, cut America's oil dependence, and create a stronger economy. Salutation First Name ~--~ Last .Name ~- xi~rra elub stare I?t1E55 Pt3pitl sierra st~ana~ie~a poiit6cs & elec*~ians eontaet us Sign our Petition -Sierra Club http://www.sierraclub.org/petition/energysolutions Email Address City State/Province Please Select ZIP/Postal Code Send me the Insider, the Sierra Club's biweekly email newsletter: ~' Yes r No Note: Selecting "No" will unsubscribe you if you're already subscribed. Keep me informed on issues and special offers: ~ Yes ~' NO Z'm Signingthe Petition! Save time! Select "Yes" to save your personal info for the next time you sign a Sierra Club online petition. ~' Yes !: No Photo licensed to Sierra Club; used with permission. Sierra Club Privacy Policy Rssponsibls Choices The choices we make and the products we buy test our commitment to maintain a healthy ~,~" planet. When we bum fossil fuels-Stich as oil, coal, and nataral gac-to nm our cats and light our homes, we pump carbon dioxide (CO~J into the air. This thickens the heat-trapping blanket that sunnimds the planet, cawing global warming. Choosing modern technology can reduce our use of fossil fuels and help protect the planet. These ten steps will help curb global warming, save you money, and create a safer environment for the future. Drhre Smartt A well-tuned car with properly inflated tires burns less gasoline-cutting pollution and saving you money at the pump. If you have two pus, drive the one with better gas mileage whenever possible. Better yet, skip the drive and take public transit, walk, or bicycle when you can. Nhks 1~' leaders now. !lrge thane to miss fuN economy sMndords to 40 miles per galbn. Modern technology can make our cars and trucks go farther on a gallon of gas. Its the biggest single step we can take to curb global warming. The less gasoline we burn, the less COQ we put into the air. Taking this step wrnild also save nearly ~ million barrels of oil a ehy-more oil than we c~urently import fmm the Persian Gulf and could ever extract from the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge combined. And by saving gas, you save nearly $2,t)l7fl at the pump over the life of your cm: Support clsan, renswab/e tatrgy. Renewable energy sohrtioi~,s, sucb as wind and solar power, can reduce our reliance on coal-blueing power plants, the largest soiune of global warming polhition in the United States. Call yotu local utility and sign up for renewable energy. If they don't offer it, ask them why not? Rsp/ace incondsscent /fight bulbs with compact Ihmrescer~t bulbs. Especially those that burn the longest each day. Compact fluorescents produce the same amount of light as normal bulbs, but use about a quarter of the electricity and last ten times as long. Each switch you make helps clean the air today, cnirb global warming, and save you money on your electricity bill. i Saving energy at home is good for the environment and for your wallet. Start with catilking and weather-stripping on doorways :u~d windows. Then ~uljust your thermostat etnd S~Ftut. sieving. Far each degree you lower your thermostatu~ the winter, you can cut your energy hills by 3 percent. Fn~ally, ask your utility company to do a free energy audit of your home to show you how to save even more money. Become a smart water consumer. Install low-flaw showerheads and faucets and you'll mse half the water without decreasiMg Iaerfonmance. Then turn your hot water heater clown to 12t)uF and see hot-water costs go down by as much iu 50 percent. Buy energy-efNcient electronics and Qppllances. Replacing an old refrigerator or an ivr conclitioner with an energy-efficient model will sieve you money on your electricity bill and cut global warming pollution. Kook for the Energy Star label on new appliances or visit their website at w•cvzc.enc~-g~s~tur.;~c~v to find the most energy-effic7ent products. Plant a Tree, protect a forest. Protecting forests is a big step rni the road to curbing global winning. Trees "breathe ut' car- bon dioxide, but slash-and-burn Fuming prnctices, intensive livestock production, and logging ~' s have destroyed 90 percent of the native forests in the United States. And you can take action "~ in your own backyard~lanting shade trees around your house will absorb COy, and slash your summer air-conditioiung bills. Reduce! Reuse! Recycle! Producing new paper, g~ius, and-metal products from recycled materials saves 70 to 90 percent of the energy and pollution, including COg, that wotild result if the pnxluct name from virgin materias. Recycling a stack of newspapers oiily 4 feet high will save agood-sized tree. Please...buy recycled products! Moun! a local campaign against global warming Educate your commiuuty about hrnv it can cut global winning pollution. Support measures at the national, state, and local level that: ~ Make automobiles go fiuther on a gallon of gas; ~ Accelerate the iLSe of clean, renewable energy sources, such as solar and wuid; ~ Increase energy efficiency and eonservatioi~; and ~ Preserve forests aromid the world Explore, enjoy and protect the planet Sierra Club's Guide to Local Global Warming Solutions Acknowledgements a Cool City .......................................4' :2: a ................. S Cha(lotte, NORTNCAROLINA .......................6 , Houston, TExAS ................................... 6 Marion County, FLORIDA .......................? °` Washington, o,c ................................7 a lotto"Hya;~.;~i~arai'i:?Fi1~7Nd4~9'cl ~'Aw1~yY!!®®I~IiBA~SIIIR fait b.'3 p ........... 8 Salt Lake City, UTAH ......... .:.................9 Scottsdale, AR(zoNa .......... ...................9 '._ Twin Falls, IoANO .............. .........:.......1t} St. Paul, M(NNESOTA ............. ........... . ..... ~ O ,a .~. ~ A ~ ........11 Fort Collins, cotoRAOO ....... ............. 12 Columbia, MISSOURI ........... ............. 12 ;' Waverly, ~ow~ ............................... .. 13 .......... 14 ;. Written by Glen Brand and Brendan Bell, Sierra Club's Global Warming and Energy Program Special Thanks to John Byrne Barry, Dan Becker, Glen Besa, Pete Connolly, Aloma Dew, Kurt Ehrenberg, Annie Finch, Kim Haddow, Dave Hamilton, Cesia Kearns, Jill Miller, Brian O'Malley, Ayrianne Parks, Colleen Sarno, Emily Templin, Jenn Tuttle, and Christa Wagner. COVER PAGE PHOTOS; 1. Skyline of Chicago, one of the more than 200 cities that have pledged to reduce local heat-trapping pollution. w,oroav~sERreiuvc 2. Iowa's Waverly Light & Power is the first municipal utility to install its own wind turbines. PHOroavwavERivu~HraPDwER 3. Investing in clean energy not only saves taxpayer dollars and protects the environment, it also creates good jobs for the future. aHOroeraPOUOnwANCr 4. The Western Area Power Administration's 4-kilowatt photovoltaic array at its Rocky Mountain Customer Service Center building east of Loveland, Colorado. PI10T0 r3Y IYFSTEHN hREA P04VER ADHHJISTRRl1pN You can find this guide and more information about our Cool Cities campaign at sierradub.org/cootcities The Sierra Club's members are 750,000 of your friends and neighbors. Inspired by nature, we work together to protect our communities and the planet The Sierra Club is America's oldest, largest and most influential grassroou environmental organization. SIERRA CLUB FUUN OED 1072 This report was funded by a grant from The Sierra Club iFoundatlon. 85 Second St., Second Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105, (415) 977-5500 408 C St. NE, Washington, DC 20002, (202) 547-1141 sierraclub.org MARCH 2006 PRINTED ON RECYCIED PAPER Cool CITIES INTRODUCTION- Re-Energizing Our Cities ll over America, cities, counties and states are launching an exciting grassroots movement to help solve one of our country's most pressing problems: global warming. Frustrated by stalling on the federal level, local leaders are moving for- ward with innovative energy solutions that wt our dependence on oil, benefit public health, and save taxpayer dollars. These mayors, county commissioners, and governors are leading the way toward a safer and more secure future. The purpose of this guide is to provide a resource for citizens and local officials who are ready ro take real anion to reduce energy waste and heat-trapping global warming pollution in their communities. In the following pages, you will find inspiring city success stories from a broad range of cities, from larger metropolitan centers such as Salt Lake City, St. Paul, and Charlotte to smaller cities like Twin Falls, Idaho, and Waverly, Iowa. The strategies that these and other Cool Cities are pursuing fall under three categories: Cleaner Vehicles, Energy F.f$iciency, and Renewable Energy. Every one of these local solutions is already saving taxpayer dollars and improving public health by reducing energy waste and pollution. By taking innovative actions, forward-looking cities are re-energizing our nation, proving that we can solve global warming one city at a time. Every one of these local solutions is already saving taxpayer dollars and improving public health by reducing energy waste and pollution. Solving Global Warming One City at a Time Cool ~I~iES z GLOBAL WARMING- The Time to Act Is Now The scientific community has concluded that burning fossil fuels-oil, coal, and natural gas-to power our cars, homes and businesses is causing global temperatures to rise. This heating of the earth poses a serious threat to our health, safety, and environment. The national science academies of the United States, England, France, Russia, Germany, Japan, Italy, Canada, Brazil, China and India issued the following joint declaration in June 2005: "The scientific understanding of climate change is now sufficiently clear ro justify nations taking prompt action." The world's leading scientists ask us to "recognize that delayed action will increase the risk of adverse environmental effects and will likely incur a greater cost" [Source: "Joint Science Academies' m J Keeping Warm, Keeping Cool-In Klamath Falls, Oregon, a geothermal district heating system keeps the sidewalks clear and dry at the Basin Transit station. The 22,000 square-foot garden on the "green" roof of Chicago's city hall cools the building during the city's hot summers. Statement. Global Response to Climate Change,° June 2005-royaisocac.ukldocument.asp?id=3222] Cities Take the Lead The good news is our cities have not become para- lyzed by the threat of global climate change. Instead, they are taking the lead with the "U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement" initiated by Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels. Introduced on February 16, 2005-the same day that the Kyoto Protocol international global warm- ing treaty took effect in 141 nations-the agreement is gathering support around the country and has earned the backing of the U.S. Conference of Mayors. To date, more than 200 mayors representing more than 42 mil- lion Americans in 38 states have signed on, pledging to reduce global warming carbon dioxide (COs) pollution citywide to 7 percent below 1990 levels by 2012. [Go to seattle.gov/mayor/climate for more information on the mayors' climate protection agreement.] How will these cities accomplish these ambitious goals in the next seven years? And how can your city become a Cool City? Seattle: Cool City Model The city of Seattle is on the forefront of global warm- ing local solutions. Under Mayor Greg Nickels' leader- ship, the city government has already reduced its own global warming pollution by more than 60 percent by constructing green buildings and operating alternative fuel vehicles. Seattle City Light is the only electric utility in the country producing zero net greenhouse gas emis- sions, and the city is working to expand transportation choices, recycling, and urban forest restoration. Mayor Nickels has also created a Green Ribbon Commission on Climate Protection, composed of busi- ness, environmental, government, community, and labor leaders. The Commission is developing a plan for Seattle to meet its global warming pollution reduction targets, and identifying key economic opportunities for Seattle's transition to a clean energy future. "By making smart choices like building sustainable buildings, replacing old vehicles with a `Clean and Green' fleet, and setting strict `no-net-emissions' goals for Seattle City Light, the City has shown we can take local action on global problems," said Mayor Nickels. LEARN MORE To fmd out about Seattle's Climate Initiative, see ciseattie.wa.us/environment/ciimateinitiative.html Cool9;i~~ES ~ Cooi Cities Across America WASHINGTON OREGON WISCONSIN NEW YORK NEW HAMWSHIRE RHODE KLAND Seattle Portland Ashland New York Nashua Providence Tacoma Eugene Greenfield Albany Keene Pawtucket Bainbridge Island Corvallis La Crosse Rochester Manchester Warwick Bellingham lake Oswego NENNESOTA Madison Hempstead ~~ MASSAOiuSEr75 Lynnwood ~- ----__ Apple Valley Washburn Mt. Vernon Burlington ; . Boston Edmonds .r ~;'~~ "------ _._.__ Wauwatosa Buffalo _____ __m___-_Duluth _ '.., Cambridge Redmond - West Allis Ithaca Eden Prair'le Medford Issaquah ~ ~ _ Niagara Falls , Kirkland ~, ~-'-~""'' ~ ~'~A Minneapolis Rga+reAK - - ,.- Malden Missoula St Paell Ann Arbor Rockville Centre ~ 1 ~; Newton ,, ~ ~ -, Renton Billings. ~ Southfleh~r ~~~~ ;;;~ r-~' Somerville Vancouver. ""'' "" `--Grand Rapie!'5 White Plains ~ r.--c'y,, - Worcester Lace ^- l CntortADD ~ ~ ' y °--.~..~ Aspen svSSOURr.. __-- '~ ~.;:.--•~ _ , ,.'~ coNN D CVr OI m is "- Y tmltF-. ._.___. ..Clayton - y ^.__ ~ Brid a ort Boulder nEe~su~' Burien ; Salt Lake City Ftonssant Chlca9o Auburn Denver Bellevue aHro ,. --'w~stKNGroN,D.c Easton Moab --- Kansas City ~_... Schaumburg Toledo ~ Fairfield Park G Telluride KuisAS _ ty Mapi~wood .Carol Stream ~~~ uuFORNU ~ ~ Tope ~St Louis Fighland Park t7a~Dn PE~iadelphia Hamden A fe Valle "EIrADA Ga~eld Heights Hartford Alpiso Viejo y Las Ve as ~ Nollu Sunset Hills Waukegam' BrooklYrt- .,------Erue~~t, Mansfield ~ °_-.--.- University City INwAxw.-. .-.---~ DE~WARE Middletown --_._.. Arcata - _ _ _._ ____ _- _ _ Wilmington Berkeley ARKANSAS _ Garry K~C1! -" _. New Haven ._. LoGisville Burbank San Leandro .' Little Rock Coldmhns"-" .Lexington wiARYUND Stamford Ca itola NEW NIE7rK:0 TEXAS _ North Little Fort Wayne Annapolis N!W ~RSEY P San Mateo._ Chino SantaBarbara~ Albuquerque Denton Rock `-_.- Michigal~City Baltimore Bayonne Cloverdale Santa Cruz `` -.,. _ __-~--_.._~___ Hurst !, - y Chevy Chase Bloomfield Cotati San Luis Obispo Austin tOUIS1ANA '-- ~ ""~-~~ ~ vIRGINU Elizabeth Del Mar Santa Monica Laredo New Orleans ''%i ~ ~ "' Alexandria Hamilton Dublin Santa Rosa McKinney Alexancfria4°--N''~ F~~A Virginia Beach Hope Fremont Sebastopol Miami ~pRTMGp~~ Hopewell Hayward Sonoma Port St. Lucie Asheville Kearny Healdsburg Stockton West Palm Beach '-Durham Newark Hemet Sunnyvale - - Gainseville Chapel Hill Plainfield Irvine Thousand Oaks Pompano Beach sounlcAROUNA Robbinsville Lakewood Vallejo Tamarac Charleston Westfield Long Beach West Hollywood Sunrise Sumter Los Angeles Windsor ------------.---__..._._..---~-------.-~.~, Hollywood Monterey Park HwWAR Holly Hill ~O~ Morgan Hill - Honolulu Lauderhill Atlanta Novato 'Maul Pembroke Pines Athens Oakland Hilo Miramar East Point Palo Alto Tallahassee Macon Petaluma Key Biscayne Richmond Key West RohnertPark --- -- __ _. _ __-.__ __. ._____._ __! Hallandale Beach Sacramento San Bruno San Francisco San Jose As of ~bruary 2~, 2006, 208 mayors from 38 states representing more than 42 million Americans have pledged to reduce global warming carbon pollution in their cities to ~ percent below 4990 levels by 2092. "With the passage of significant international accords and adoption of this statement by US. mayors, we have hope that the global community can successfully join together, as nations did to solve the problem of ozone depletion, to prevent the most devastating consequences of global climate change." -Salt Lake City Mayor Rocky Anderson COOL t9I~3ES 4 PUTTING GLOBAL WARMING SOLUTIONS INTO ACTION Four Steps to Become a Cooi City Getting your city to became part of the fight against global warming is as simple as the four steps outlined below These steps are modeled on the Cities for Climate Protection program, a successful initiative run by the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI} to help cities reduce global warming pollution. Encouraging your city to join ICLEI's Cities for Climate Protection program is an excellent way to fulfill the Cool Cities pledge. But any city can start making a difference by putting existing smart energy solutions to work today. Visit iclei.org for more information on the Cities for Climate Protection program. Step 1: Take the "Cool Cities" Pledge The first step towards curbing global warming pollution in your community is to ask your mayor to sign the U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement. This agreement sets the goal of reducing citywide global warming carbon dioxide (CO2) pollution to 7 percent below 1990 levels by 2012. See seattle.gov/mayor/climate Step 2: Conduct a Global Warming Emissions Inventory The next step is to conduct an inventory of your city's current global warming emissions. This information will identify the city's major C02 sources (and the greatest opportunities for reductions), and will provide a baseline to judge the city's progress towards its goal. Cities can receive technical assistance to conduct a global warming emissions inventory from a variety of sources including state and federal agencies as well as ICLEI through its Cities for Climate Protection program. Step 3: Create a Solutions Plan After completing its global warming inventory, your city will be ready to develop a soludorts plan that can reduce emissions while lowering energy costs for the city. While every city's energy solutions plan will be unique, there are three important strategies: Gaca Vehicle Elects, Energy F~cienry, and Renewable Energy. In some com- bination, these solutions, which are illustrated with specific success stories later in this guide, will form the foundation of your city's comprehensive energy-saving plan. For examples of Cool City Solutions Plans, visit sierradub.org/cookities "Minneapolis has set high standards for COz reduction and we're meeting them-a strategy that has earned our city tremendous environmental and economic benefits. Climate disrup- tion is a global problem but we feel the effects locally. We are thrilled with Seattle and Mayor Greg Nickels' initiative and will work hard to challenge our nation through our example.' -Minneapolis Mayor R.T. Rybak, in front of his hybrid car Step 4: Implement and Monitor Progress Of course, a plan alone cannot cut global warming pollu- tion. It is essential that your city put the plan into action and monitor its progress periodically. With a strong commitment, a sound plan, and real action, your city will be on its way toward meeting the goals of the U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement. With a strong commitment, a sound plan, and real action, your city will be on its way toward meeting the goals of the U.S. Mayors Climate protection Agreement. Coo11JI~IES 5 Green Vehicle Solutions The technology exists today to significantly reduce global warming pollution from America's cars, trucks, and SUVs. Improving automobile fuel economy is the biggest single step to curbing global warmmg, since every gallon of gasoline burned creates 28 pounds of heat-trapping carbon dioxide pollution. [Source: Oak Ridge National Laboratory: U.S. Department of Energy.] Because transportation is a major source of global warming pollution, numerous cities are incorporating gas-electric hybrid vehicles and other fuel-efficient vehicles into their fleets. By using less gasoline, hybrid vehicles release a fraction of the global warming pollution emit- ted by conventional vehicles while saving money at the gas pump. Cities are also switch- ing away from polluting diesel city and school buses ro cleaner alternatives like compressed natural gas (CNG) powered vehicles. Solution #1--Green Fleets Governments of all sizes regulazly purchase automobiles to help provide a wide range of taxpayer services. Recognizing an opportunity for action, many cities, counties, and starts are saving taxpayer dollars and reducing air pollu- tion by "greening" their fleets with hybrid gas- electric and other vehicles that go farther on a gallon of gas. Currently, 48 U.S. towns and cities in 36 states have green fleets programs, as do 26 county and 17 state governments. From police departments and school districts to administra- tive agencies and taxi services, green fleets are a winning city solution. [Source: greenfleets.org] For a general overview and step-by-step advice for writing a green fleets ordinance in your city, go to greenfleets.org/stepone.html For a model green fleets ordinance, see the city of Denver's ordinance at www.greenfleets.org/denverrevised.html Solution #2-Hybrid Vehicle Incentives In addition to purchasing hybrid vehicles for city fleets, local governments can encourage citizens and businesses to buy hybrid vehicles with a wide range of incentives. Some tides are already providing incentives such as free pazk- ing for hybrid vehicles and lower registration fees and taxes. Solution #3--Clean Buses City residents have long had ro endure the sight and smell of black smoke belching from dirty diesel-engine buses. Now many cities are replacing these polluting old buses with buses that run on cleaner compressed natural gas (CNG) or with hybrid-electric diesel engines. "Increasingly, cities are providing the answers to some of America's toughest problems. So it's fitting that we're leading the way on global warming as well." -Madison, Wisconsin, Mayor Dave Cieslewia NOTE: You can find all links reFerenced in this report at sierracl ub.org/cooicities. I ~ ~ Cool CITIES ~ In April 2005, Bili White the mayor of the nation's 4th largest city, ~ w .,~,r„ .v: ~• ~.• ,~. ~ ~p announced plans to convert a substantial portion of the. city of ~ , ' ,~ ~ ~.. ' # ~ ~,. ° . _' Houston s fleet of cars, pickup trucks, and. sport utility vehicles to ,. ~.x ~ .. hybrids by the year 20tD. The city estimates that 80 percent of all I new. vehicle purchases and over SO percent of the city's fleet could ~ i' . . be hybrid vehicles by the year 2010: - * Considering; he size of the. city's Rght duty fleet (more than 3,500), p,..: , Houston's investment in hybrids wili'pay big dividends down the road. Over its. projected'-five year life-cycle, theTayota Prins hybrid. should provide net savings ofalmost $1,900, in comparfison to a ~» conventionalgaso~ine-only full-sized sedan, according,to a city of Houston study. Because. hybrids are so fuel efficient, they release a fraction of the globate warming pollution Gentlemen Start Your emitted by cornentionai vehicles. Over the lifetime of the vehicle, a hybridToyota Prins will , Hybrid Engines-Houston release 43 fewer tons of globs! warming:pollutioncompared to an average sedan. Mayor Bill White announces "This makes economic.sense, it makes environmental sense and itls going to set an example; the greening of his citys fleet. said Mayor White. "1Ne're going to save on fuel costs arxl.we're going tohelp save our airguality." LEARM M01RE Details on the city of Housmn's greenfleets program are available at: houstontxgovJmayor/press120050408.htm1 ., , ~~ ,- - When Charlotte's fleet managers found that hybrid gas-electric vehicles are less expensive to operate than conventional cars, Mayor Pat McCrory and:Council members Susan Burgess and John Tabor took action_ Working with dty staff and with-the cooperation of Mecklen- burg County, the City Councilsupported aplan to bring,thetotal. number ofihybrids in the. fleet to over two dozen by the end of 2006--more than tripling; the-city/county's current b f h b d num er o y ri s. Although they typically cost mare initially than standard: gasoline-fueled: cars, gas-sipping hybrids save on gasoline, ~' `'~+.r:.'' have lower maintenance costs,.and'retain a higherresale • _ value at the end of their useful Itfe, according to Charlotte's Fleet Environmental Analyst David Friday. Mr. Friday estimates thatswitching,fromagas-only Ford Taurus to a hybrid Toyota Prins or Honda Civic would save city taxpayers approximately 5800.51200 annually per vehicle, including over $400 in annual fuel costs. "This results in a payback of the extra. purchase cost within 2S to 5.5 years, depending on the model chosen and miles driven,° said Friday_ [Source: "Ford Taurus to Honda Civic. Hybrid and Toyota Prins Comparative Analysis; David Friday, Charlotte Fleet EnvironmentaY Analyst, May 2005] LfJ1RN MORQ Charlotte's Fleet Environmental.AnalystDavid Friday can be reached: at. dfriday@ci.charbtte.ncus. ~:..; .. Cool IiITI~S ? L~ i ~ ~; .~~ ~ ~~~ ~~ t ~fi ~~ .~. . COOL CITIES 8 Energy EfFiciency Solutions Energy efficienry means using less energy through better technology to power buildings, light sweets, and industry. Reducing energy use is one of the most cost-effective and fastest ways to save energy and reduce global warming pollution. Every city can make substantial energy effi- cienry improvements by putting policies in place to promote efficient technologies and integrating them into planning decisions. The policies outlined below represent some of the most effective steps currently being taken on the city and local level. Solution #1-Making New Buildings More Energy Efficient Incorporating energy efficienry requirements into municipal building codes increases the overall energy efficienry of new buildings. Many cities have chosen to adopt the Leadership in Energy and Enviromnental Design (LEED) standards created by the United States Green Building Council (usgbc.org). LEED standards provide energy efficient design guidelines for a variety of building types and developments. Solution #2-Energy Efficiency Retrofits to Existing Buildings In addition to improving the energy effi- cienry of new buildings, cities can make sub- stantial energy efficiency improvements to cxisting buildings. Modernizing lighting, heat- ing, cooling, and other operations can reduce the energy requirements of existing buildings in acost-effective manner, lowering energy '?he Intemationai Panel on Climate Change has warned that New ~rieans is the North American city most wlner- able tathe effetts of climate change. The rise of the Earth's temperature, causing sea level increases that multi add up to one foot over the next 30 years, threatens the very exis- tence of New Orleans. We will continue to col- laborateand support efforts on global warming." -New Orleans Mayor C. Ray Nagin costs and reducing pollutian. The U.S. Green Building Council has also developed LEED standards fnr existing buildings. The standards pro- vide guidance on improving the energy efficiency of building operations and other systems without making major changes to the interior and exterior of the build- ing. Cities around the country have made major strides in improving the energy efficiency of police and fire sta- tions, city office buildings, and schools. Solution #3-Energy Efficient Street Lighting Street lighting and traffic signals can use a significant amount of energy. By replacing traditional light fixtures with super-efficient light emitting diode (LED) bulbs, cities are reaping energy and cost savings. Solution #4-Public Benefit Funds Cities with community-owned, local municipal utili- ties can integrate energy efficiency into the city's rnerall energy plan. If your city has a municipal utility, it can set up a local Public Benefits Fund (PBF), where a small surcharge on consumer energy bills is used to create a fund to finance energy efficiency projects in the utility service area, thus lowering the overall energy costs for consumers. Austin Energy (austinenergy.com) and the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (smud.org} are examples of municipal utilities that have used public benefit funds to lower energy use and costs through energy efficienry. Solution #5-Combined Heat and Power Cities and businesses can also benefit from energy ef$cient combined heat and power (CHP) systems. These systems produce both electricity and steam for heating and cooling from a single power plant located near consumers. As a result, CHP systems recover heat that is normally wasted at power plants and funnel the heat into surrounding buildings. This reduces energy costs and lowers pollution by eliminating the need for separate fuel sources for electricity and heating. P i Cool icI~I~S~ ~ o %: t ~ q. `f r Like manyother school districts around the country with growing. numbers of students and decreasing budgets, the'itivin Falls school district began searching for creative ways to reduce;costs.Schoof offfdals realized that the district cautd reduce energy costs and cut pollution by increasing the energy efficiency of its t t schools. The upgrades included more efficient lighting;and improvements tathe heating, ventilation, and airtonditioning,sys- tems.The upgradesareexpected:: to generate $3.5 million in energy savings. In an innovative financing agreement; the school district signed an energy savings perfarm- ante contractwith Minnesota-based Honeywell Corporetion. Under a performance con- tract, a private company pays to make energy: efficient. improvements. and is then-reim- bursed with the money saved• through lovaee energy bills over the lifetime of the project ` According to Dr.JoF-n Miller; the Director of Operations for the Twin. Eafis School District, the performance contraet gave the school district "the capital to accomplish in months, what would have normally taken.us a decade to complete because of budget constraints." LlrJ1R1~t fdIIORE The?win FaI1s school disMct project Web site isavailabidat: newsiteschaaifaci[itiescomkd_7 695.aspx [ludngthe long, cold Mlnnesota:winters,the majority of the buildings indowrrtown: SaintPaul: ~_ staywarm using: District Energy'senergy-efficient tombfned heat and':power tCHP): system. Provfd- rs~i, ing;.electcicity tothe grid and heating service to ~'. th 80 nt f do t S t Ga l i ~ t" more perce o own an wn a n u ~ # , r t and adjacent areas,: including the MinnesotaState ~` 1 ' ` " ~ ~ 3r ~'` Eapitof:andnear1y30(2homes,_th~system uses; -"- ~ ~ ~ heat drawnfrom a,blomass-fired. power plant e ° ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '° locatedintheheartofthecity: ~ ~~ „h ~ `° ~, By using a renewable resource as its primary fuel " «R and. by capturing.: ambient heat thafiwould: other- ~ ~ E ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~,.. _ .wise have been wasted. Si Pouf's CHP system ~ . ~ „~ a reduces overall energy consumption;. costs, and ~ ' x ~ " u , ,; pollution: _ - ~ * _:~; ~~ . LBAtUM MQNi~ ~ _ ~~ Details of Sainr PauGs CMP system are available at ~ ~ ~ ~' ~' ~ ~~ distnctenergycomfcurrentadivitiesichp.htmf' ~ =~ ~~y ~° ~~ Heat and Power- .. BY producing both heat and electricity from one power plant, the District Energy plant helps r' save money and cut pollution. Cool l;;<T3ES 11 Renewable Energy Solutions fay harnessing nataral sources of energy like the sun and the wind, renewable ener- gy sources can replace our reliance on outdated, polluting power plants that rely on fossil fuels. Today's solar panels efficiently transform sun- light into electricity while blending into the design of homes and office buildings. Modem wind turbines rise high above the ground, cap- turing the strongest winds to produce reliable eleariciry. Currently, dirty fossil fuel power plants account for over a third of the nation's total global warming emissions. Meeting our energy needs with clean, renewable energy can move the country towards a brighter, cleaner, and cheaper energy furure. Cider around the country are discovering that investing in innovative renewable energy sources reduces global warming pollution and creates a reliable source of clean, homegrown electricity. Solution #1-Renewable Energy Standards A renewable energy standard requires an increase in the percentage of elearicity from clean, renewable energy sources (such as wind and solar power) in a city or utility area by a spc- cific target dace. These standards are phased in over time so that renewable energy capacity can be built and incorporated into the necessary energy management and reliability plans. For instance, a 20 percent Renewable Energy Standard could be phased in over ten years, requiring an additional 2 percent of electricity generation to come from renewable sources each year. Cities that operate municipal utilities have been able to set renewable energy standards for their community-owned utilities. Solution #2-Solar and end Installations Some cities are moving forward by financ- ing the construction of renewable energy proj- ects themselves. In some cases, cities are work ing with local municipal utilities to construct wind turbines. In other cases, cities are work- ing with privately owned utilities and renew- able energy developers to construct solar arrays on city buildings, schools, and homes. Solution #3-City Utility Contracts Some cities are incorporating renewable energy requirements into their contract renewals with privately owned. local utilities. For example, Denver, Colorado is working with its local utility, Xcel Energy, to establish modest renewable energy goals as part of the city's contract. Clean Energy, Good Jobs-Clean energy invest- ments not only save taxpayer dollars and protect the environment, they also create good jobs for the future. One example is the rooftop solar panels powering Northeastern Universitys Eli Student Center in Boston. Cool CRIES ~ 2 COOL C~T3ES ~ 3 .._ ~ ..r,..._ ................~....,.... in the United States to install it turbines, Waverly Light& Powe 4,300 customers in a 33 squar The utility has constructed win on land leased from local farm electricity for the city and addi income for the farmers. Waverly Light & Power's Board a rnomrc ~ipal utility sown-wind r serves e-mile- area. d turbines ers, creating tionai ~ -: a fTrustees ~ , produc- .al Dower 'This is not only an environmental protection issue, but also an economic development and sustainability issue. Protecting our environment, we are protecting our resources and preserving them for future generations to come." -Hallandale Beach, Florida, Mayor Joy Cooper .., I ~ ~ '~: B^ t n ~~~'~?r ,. ~ _ _ . CONCLUSION- Re-Energizing Your City As the success stories in this guide prove, cities are making real progress cutting global warming pollution. No longer waiting for the federal government to act, mayors and other local leaders are putting into place winning energy solutions right now By using the innovative technologies of cleaner cars, energy efficienry and renewable energy, ~ cities across America are protecting our ~ health and environment, while saving tax- payer dollazs. As the news of these successful city solu- tions spreads, more cities are joining in the Cool Cities movement. Together, they are helping to lead our country and our world into a new energy future. And that's cool. Now it's your city's turn. LEARN MORE: sierraclub.org/coolcities TAKE ACTION: 1. Join the U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement to reduce global warming pollution 2. Green your city's vehicle fleets with hybrid and other cleaner cars 3. Modernize city buildings with money- saving energy efficiency technology 4. Invest in clean and safe, renewable energy fit..,. U.S. MAYORS' ~LI1I~ATE ACTIC~~I HANG~~~~C ~, ~ ~ ~.~. ~C~~~~i ~j~` City of Seattle - ~ri)C@TS1111NA; 15 y'~¢ . ._. tae Sus.ai~:3blitV CL1I~IATE PR~TECTI_~J~I A~~E_E61/~.E~lT The Clir~~atE; Action Handbook is a resource. gi_ride ": ~ iirr:atE; prc~tE;ction created ray ICLF' - i.oG,l r'~OV rrtmen*_s for Su~,ta!r,at;ilil:y v:~al' suc,pa` from Che Clty 0" SE;attic and [hp U.S. Confierence o= +~layors. ,~ ~=~•~~. ~" ICLEI -Local Governments fior Sustainability I fecal]. C'avrrxime:atc Executive Director, ICLEI U.S.A EArSa~k.~unrtlSility Michelle Wyman FLh City of Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels Director, Office of Sustainability and the Environment Steve Nicholas U.S. Conference of Mayors Executive Director Tom Cochran President Mayor Michael Guido, Dearborn (MI) Vice President Mayor Doug Palmer, Trenton (NJ) Chair of Advisory Board Mayor Manuel Diaz, Miami (FL) Energy Commission Chair Mayor Will Wynn, Austin (TX) Environment Commission Chair Mayor Patrick McCrory, Charlotte (NJ) U.S: Mayors' Council on Climate Protection Co-chairs Mayor Greg Nickels, Seattle (WA) Mayor James Brainard, Carmel (IN) ICLEI -Local Governments for Sustainability 436 14th Street, Suite 1520 Oakland, CA 94612 P (510) 844-0699 f (510) 844-0698 E iciei-usa@iclei.org Climate Protection Benefits ............................................... .. 5 SECTION 1: POLICIES .................................................. .6 SECTION 11: ACTIONS & TOOLS .......................................... 7 Implementing Climate Protection Actions ..... ............................... 7 ICLEI's Cities for Climate Protection' Campaign ................................ 7 Sample Actions and Measures ... ........................ ............... 11 Land Use Management and Urban Forestry ...................... ........ 11 Transportation Planning ..................................... ........ 12 Green Power ............................................. ........13 Energy Efficiency ............. ............................ ........14 ,Green Building ............................................ ........15 =Water and Wastewater Management ........................... ........ 15 Recycling and Waste Reduction ... ... ............... . ... ... ........ 16 Education and Outreach ........ ..................... 16 Cost Effective Actions to Reduce Global Warming Pollution .............. ........ 17 Section III: Best Practices and Resources ..................... .. ........ 19 Land Use ...... ......................................... ........19 Transportation .................. ....................... ....... 20 Green Power ............................................. ........23 Energy Efficiency .......... ... ........................... ........ 25 Energy Star Purchasing .. ........ 27 Green Building ..................... ......... ............ ........28 Water and Wastewater Management ....... ................... ........ 30 Recycling and Waste Reduction .......... .................... .. ..... 31 Education and Outreach ....................... .............. ........32 Appendix: The U.S. Mayors' Climate Protection Agreement ....... ........ 35 References .... . ...... .37 purpose This handbook contains an abundance of resources and tools, which are marked as follows: For informational Web RESOURCES For TOOl..S that are available to assist you Climate Action Handbook The Climate Action .Handbook offers examples of actions that local governments can take to reduce global warming emissions and implement the commitments for climate protection called out in the U.S. Mayors' Climate Protection Agreement (MCPA). The Handbook demonstrates that climate protection does not necessitate entirely new government operations. It is a matter of streamlining and making modifications and improvements to many of the systems and operations a city already has in place. This Handbook offers initial steps a city can take to effectively engage in meeting the 7 percent target set forth in the MCPA and achieve deeper reductions for reducing the greenhouse gas emissions that are global warming pollutants. This guide is separated into three sections that offer simple next steps to advance climate protection in your city: Pa{icies ~-- _.-.': Actions & T©o{s _. °: Best Practices & r csources tNhat Can Local Governments do? Local governments have the power to affect the main sources of pollution directly linked to climate change: energy use, transportation, and waste. Cities control the day- to-day activities that determine the amount of energy used and waste generated by their community -from land use and zoning decisions to control over building codes and licenses, infrastructure investments, municipal service delivery and management of schools, parks and recreation areas. A range of actions can be incorporated into these operations to reduce associated global warming emissions. Local governments are uniquely positioned to influence citizen behaviors that directly affect climate change such as transportation options, energy consumption patterns, and general consumer decisions. The following sections offer the policies, tools and best practices needed to help a city meet the commitments of the MCPA and positively support the path to effectively reducing global warming pollutants and advancing climate protection. Save Taxpayer dollars Actions that reduce global warming pollution also reduce electricity and fuel use, minimizing energy costs for citizens, businesses and local governments. In 2005, through ICLEI's Cities for Climate Protections (CCP) Campaign more than 160 U.S. local governments reported collective savings of over 23 million tons of global warming pollution and $600 million in related energy and fuel costs. pry Build the Local Economy and Create Jobs Decreased energy costs and the provision of new energy services and technologies (e.g. energy efficiency and renewable energy) give local government and private firms a competitive edge. Demand for energy efficient products and services and for new or alternative energy technologies expands local business and creates localjobs. ~,~ improve kir Quality and Public Health Reducing global warming pollutants also helps cities comply with federal air quality regulations and preserves federal funding for local projects. These strategies ultimately create less air pollution, which results in fewer air quality-related public health impacts, such as asthma and other respiratory ailments, ~~ Improve Community Livability Cutting global warming pollution includes measures that also reduce auto dependency and traffic congestion, clean the air, and contribute to more efficient land use patterns and walkable neighborhoods. In combination, these types of measures can help build a more livable .community. ;'~~ Connect Cities with National Leaders and Resources The expanding network of cities committed to advancing climate protection represent U.S. MCPA signatories, CCP cities and member cities of the U.S. Conference of Mayors. ~~_ Create a Legacy of Leadership Taking action on climate change provides tangible benefits for citizens today -and ensures that future generations will have access to the resources that support healthy, prosperous, and livable communities. policies For a sample resolution ', outlining a city's commitment, view the City ,:~r ~eatte's ~s,l.aticn Planning for longterm municipal commitments is the crucial first step for a city engaging in climate protection actions. Policies and resolutions help build political will and ensure that a city's capital investments and operational changes can realize the intended benefits over time. Cities can also enact local, state, and national policies and legislation that build political support for climate protection, Lead Climate Cities: U.S. Mayors' Climate Protection Agreement As a signatory to the U.S. Mayors' Climate Protection Agreement (MCPA), your city joins a leading group of cities nationwide that have committed to action to advance climate protection at the local level. Led by Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels, the MCPA aims to promote climate protection and the goals of the Kyoto Protocol - an international agreement addressing global warming pollution and ratified by 164 countries -through leadership and action by American cities. On February 16, 2005, Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels launched the MCPA. Today it includes nearly 300 signatures from mayors representing over 49 million Americans in 44 states and Washington, D.C. To see the cities that have signed the Agreement, visit: 'lttp:%V.nnrs;,~;r-,~rtlF; t~0;itn"la`~Ciriiilmat°idL'8ult.hTr7l=~wh{? To view full text of the MCPA, visit; httD:~%y'y'v"JbN.USm~VC)r,lr~ii)S.^.r71lrP"ni'atlC~nJ7~r~' -'nnfr~r~~nr~lr~n n1 a`~ Ensure Your City`s Commitment: Pass a Climate Protection Resolution View a raml:,Er rl>s,~-;;.,:ion ', One of the first steps a city can take towards reducing global warming pollution is to from a city participating pass a local resolution that affirms the city's commitment. Passing a resolution in ICLEI's Cities for highlights the importance elected officials place on climate change and serves as another Climate Protection opportunity to educate the public and the local government staff while securing a path Campaign towards action and implementation far into the future. The sample above can be modified to include language specific to your community. See how the _ICZ_i)i:_r;ir%)6I'!dalC;~__,l has personalized its resolution PY~ action..&too[s lmpiementing Climate Protection Actions Cities can implement a range of actions to reduce global warming pollution. These measures can be instituted ad-hoc or as part of a comprehensive framework like that offered by ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability's Cities for Climate Protection Campaign (CCP). Since 1993, ICLEI has helped nearly 200 local governments across the U.S. reduce global warming pollution through its CCP Campaign. The information and tools provided both here and. in the "Take Action" section can serve as a useful resource for implementing strategies for reducing global warming pollution. After a local government has made a commitment to addressing climate change, the CCP provides afive-step methodology to reduce global warming pollution. The 5 Milestones articulated by the CCP can be implemented independently or comprehensively -though greater reductions and co-benefits are realized when all of the actions are pursued in coordination. The experience of cities participating in the CCP offers a proven. reference point to cities newly engaging in climate protection actions. The 5 Milestones of the CCP Camctaian ` ICLEI`s Cities for Climate Protection Conduct a baseline inventory of global Campaign warming pollutants j The CCP's 5 Milestones provides a simple, ~~ standardized means to enable your community to Establish a target to effectively reduce the emissions from both lower emissions government operations and the community as a whole. _ __ { Develop a local Climate "" Action Plan (CAP) to implement actions that reduce global warming pollution I __. __ _ _. ~ _ __ Impiernent the loca# ', '" Climate Action Plan Measure, verify and '~" report performance Engaging in the five-step process means that a city is making a commitment to reduce global warming emissions as financial and staff resources allow. The process of completing the five milestones is not necessarily linear. The milestones can be undertaken concurrently, and the specific target and contents of the local Climate Action Plan are up to each city to determine. The amount of time needed to complete the milestones also depends on the size and complexity of a city, and the availability of data, staff, and resources. Conduct a baseline inventory An inventory identifies and quantifies the global warming pollution produced by both government operations and the community at large in a particular year. The inventory and forecast provide a benchmark against which the city can measure the progress in terms of its own operations and that of its citizens. This emissions analysis identifies the activities that contribute to global warming pollution and the quantity of pollution generated by each of these activities. An inventory is established by collecting data about energy management, recycling and waste reduction, transportation, and land use. A local government can calculate global warming pollution for a base year (e.g. 1990) and for a forecast year (e.g. 2012). Expertise in climate science is not necessary. A wide range of government staff members, from public works to environment and facilities departments, can conduct an inventory. ICLEI also supplies technical training and support - and in some cases can provide specialized, fee-for-service project work as well. ICLEI's Clean Air/Climate Protection Software: Allows cities to calculate emissions and emissions reductions. The software enables local governments to track and quantify emissions outputs and develop emissions scenarios to inform the planning process. ICLEI's Technical Program Officers provide training and technical expertise to cities using the CACP software and implementing the CCP five milestones. httD:!!UV\~:M,•''~aCj~Svft~N='rP Orte - 11ttp:!il~t~4JwJCIeI G~!L'"1 Sample Inventories: Sonoma County Greenhouse Gas Inventor City of Somerville. MA Greenhouse Gas inventory ~.._ __ _ _... Establish a target to lower emissions Setting a reduction target for global warming pollutants creates a tangible goal and metric to guide the planning and implementation of your community's action. The target in the LI.S~M,wcr,. C;lim~,re Pn:;tPs';_en ~,cr...ehien !s to reduce emissions by a minimum of 7 percent below 1990 levels by 2012. Almost all of the local governments participating in ICLEI's CCP Campaign establish reduction targets of global warming pollution at 15 percent or higher to be met within a 10 year period. The ICLEI network provides access to data and information from both U.S. and international cities participating in the CCP Campaign. The CCP network offers direct access to best practices, technology transfer and costJbenefit analysis of measures. ICLEI's Clean Air/Climate Protection Software also estimates the scale of action needed to achieve a city's target once the inventory is complete. action & tools 3 Develop a focal Climate Action Plan ., A local Climate Action Plan (CAP) is a customized roadmap to reduce global warming pollution by the target that your city has identified. The CAP includes an ', implementation timeline for reduction measures, costs and financing mechanisms, ', assignments to city departments, and actions the city must implement to achieve its ', target. The inventory and quantification of existing climate protection measures helps guide a city to understand where they can get the largest emissions reductions. The majority of measures in CAPS fall into the following categories: ', Energy management Transportation Waste reduction Land use ', As the next section illustrates, common measures include energy effciency improvements to municipal buildings and water treatment facilities, streetlight retrofits, public transit improvements, installation of renewable power applications, and methane recovery from waste management. Q The ICLEI Clean Air/Climate Protection Software assists cities to model potential emissions reduction scenarios. Fact sheets and case studies capture capital investment and probability for return, average global warming pollution reductions, and implementation processes. Toolkits on transportation planning, urban forestry, public outreach and education are also available at http:i;v5.nw~•f:.icle .rn~~as._i Sample Action Plans: City of Seattle Green Ribbon Cammission ReRort City of Burlington, VT Climate Action Plan Cwt of Boulder CO Climate Action Plan actian & tools 4 tmpiement the local Climate Action Plan Successful implementation of actions identified in the local Climate Action Plan depends on a number of factors including management and staffing, financing, a realistic timeline and stakeholder Involvement in appropriate aspects of the Plan to build community support. ICLEI best practices and case studies offer snapshots that include information about costs, staffing and benefits as well as lessons learned. The ICLEI network of cities offers immediate access to peers and practitioners that offer informed advice. ICLEI staff also provides ongoing technical expertise to cities participating in the CCP. Measure, verify and report performance Verification of progress ensures integrity and accuracy in the city's efforts to achieve its global warming pollution reduction target. The reductions that a city achieves through implementation of actions to reduce global warming pollution must be monitored to measure progress. Tracking progress builds political support, informs the process and often drives further city investment to advance climate protection. Q When the data is maintained, ICLEI Clean Air/Climate Protection Software monitors, verifies and reports results to enable a city to capture quantifiable reductions and the cost savings realized as a result. The ICLEI network of cities offers resources and support to cities working towards setting and achieving their reduction targets. f;:' "` .,, .. . y- .. ,, ~-.. action & tools Sample Actions and Measures This section provides a carefully selected overview of the types of measures that can make a significant impact on a city or county's emissions profile. The measures are divided into two main categories -government and community. Government measures refer to the actions the local government can take to reduce the emissions associated with their operations and activities while the community measures target the reductions associated with the operations and activities of a city's residents and commercial and industrial operations. ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ ''~; Land Use Management and Urban Forestry ~' ~~ .': ~~ ,~. i ,~ l~ Increasingly, many communities are designed in such a way that residents are living farther r ~ u "` a:-:;;,._ ,_ from places of work, school, and services. This growth pattern fosters an increasing dependence ~~,~ ~r;7,~ on motor vehicles. This community design, commonly know as sprawl, translates into higher ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~~ i ' ~ ~ ~ ,, r >~ air and global warming pollution associated with higher rates of car travel. Development also , -~-~ "~`:': exerts pressure on a city's open space and urban forest resources. Many scientific studies •~, }: confirm that trees and vegetation are valuable resources for cooling our communities. ~>'~~"'Pa~e Local government, residents and businesses can profit from the development of dense, mixed- ':~:w~~ use neighborhoods. These measures save green spaces and money by cutting fuel, utility and infrastructure, and service delivery costs. Government Measures ', Community Measures Short Term rk Plant shade trees in and around local government parking lots and facilities Long Term :- Co-locate facilities to reduce travel time and maximize building use ~> Utilize brownfield sites where possible Short Term ~° Maintain healthy urban forests and street trees ,_ Promote tree planting to increase ', shading and to absorb COz Long term ~= Preserve open space ', ;= Promote high-density and in-fill development through zoning policies ,,~ Institute growth boundaries, ordinances or programs to limit suburban sprawl Give incentives and bonuses for development in existing downtown areas and areas near public transit Encourage brownfield development ', ,« Discourage sprawl through impact, facility, mitigation, and permit fees action &to~ls_ Transp©rtation Planning Automobiles are a leading cause of global warming. Nationally, the transportation sector is one of the largest sources of U.S. emissions, representing nearly one-third of total emissions. It's hard to visualize, but every gallon of gasoline burned emits 20 pounds of COZ the principal global warming pollutant. Many local governments are increasing their jurisdictions' fuel efficiency by making alternative forms of transportation more accessible to residents and employees. Government Measures Short Term ~- Encourage car-pooling, van-pooling, and mass transit use by municipal employees Encourage telecommuting for municipal employees _~ Restrict idling of municipal vehicles Station police officers on bicycles Long Term Retire old and under-used vehicles Use car sharing programs in lieu of a city fleet ,_ Purchase fuel efficient (e.g. hybrid) andlor smaller fleet vehicles Utilize fuel-efficient vehicles (e.g, scooters) for parking enforcement Utilize alternative fuel vehicles (biodeisel, ethanol, electric, compressed natural gas) for city fleet Community Measures Short Term ._ Promote commute trip reduction programs, incentives for car and van pooling, and public transit ', ~z Restrict idling at public facilities Improve traffic signal synchronization Open local government alternative fueling stations to the public Long Term Promote community purchases of compact and hybrid vehicles °- Help bring car sharing programs to the community ,;x Implement bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure programs .~- Provide electric plug-in stations for freight vehicles at truck stops or boats marinas and ports action & tools ~~~~~ Power Electricity that is generated from renewable energy sources is often referred to as "green power." Unlike fossil fuel-based power, these sources of energy emit no or low global warming pollutants. Green power can include electricity generated exclusively from renewable resources including wind, hydro-electric or solar power - or electricity produced from a combination of fossil and renewable resources. Cities can source renewable energy through utilities offering green power programs, through the purchase of renewable energy certificates called Green Tags or by installing on-site renewable technologies, such as solar panels. Government Measures Short Term ;= Purchase green electricity from solar, geothermal, wind or hydroelectric sources ~^ Purchase green tagslrenewable energy certificates ', Long Term ,~ Install solar panels on municipal facilities F~ Generate electricity from landfill or wastewater methane or refuse ', Community Measures Short Term :_ Promote community clean energy use through green power purchasing or on-site renewable '. technologies Long term „~ Offer incentives to foster solar photovoltaic installations in the community ~~ Implement a form of community choice aggregation __ _ _ _ __ _ _ action & tools Energy Efficiency Energy efficiency programs offer one of the best ways to reduce global warming pollutants. A large share of fossil fuel use is dedicated to providing the electricity that powers almost all aspects of our daily lives. Globally, 75 percent of all energy is consumed in cities. In addition, U.S. State and local governments spend upwards of $40 billion a year on energy consuming products and equipment. Government Measures Community Measures Short Term „~ Install energy-efficient exit sign lighting ,~ Perform energy-efficient building lighting retrofits Institute a "lights out at night" policy :^ Institute a "lights out when not in use" policy r Install buildingloffice occupancy sensors Purchase only ENERGY STAR equipment and appliances for City use. Negotiate prices by purchasing in bulk where feasible. Long Term a,. Conduct an energy audit of municipal facilities Implement an energy tracking and management system Perform heating, cooling and ventilation system retrofits (e.g. chillers, boilers, fans, pumps, belts, fuel-switching from electric to gas heating) _ Install ENERGY STAR appliances -and require this and the following in specs/purchasing RFPs Install green or reflective roofing Improve water pumping energy efficiency Install energy-efficient vending machines - Install energy-efficient traffic lights .. Install energy-efficient street lights (e.g. high pressure sodium) Decrease average daily time for street light operation Short Term A~ Adopt stringent residential or commercial energy code requirements a~ Promote energy conservation through campaigns targeted at residents and businesses Long Term ,~~ Implement aloes-income weatherization program H,e Implement district heating and cooling Implement time-of-use or peak demand energy pricing „„ Install energy-efficient co-generation power production facilities Launch an "energy efficiency challenge" campaign for community residents „„ Promote participation in a local green business program ', ~ Promote the purchase of ENERGY STAR appliances ', ~ Promote water conservation through technological and behavioral modification g _~ ~ action &too(s Green Building Cities across the country are passing ordinances to mandate that municipal buildings meet green building standards. One of the most frequently cited standards are those set by the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) program of the U.S. Green Building Council and the U.S. EPA and Department of Energy's ENERGY STAR program. This series of programs for new and existing buildings, as well as community design, provides a framework for cities to begin implementing energy efficiency and green building techniques that save thousands of dollars and avert greenhouse gas emissions. Government Measures Short Term w EncouragelSponsor city staff to become LEED Accredited Professionals Long Term ', ~ Require all new construction projects to ', be LEED certified ', .;> Require all retrofit projects to become LEED certified _ _ __ _ Community Measures ', Short Term Provide green building information to the public ~~ Share the efforts and knowledge of the city's green building resources Long Term Encourage incentives or mandate developers to construct LEED certified or ENERGY STAR homes Water and Wastewater Management Nationwide, drinking water and wastewater systems cost more than $4 billion a year in energy costs to pump, treat, deliver, collect, and clean water -and the majority of this cost is paid for by municipalities. The energy costs to run drinking water and wastewater systems can represent as much as one-third of a municipality's energy bill and this is often the single largest utility expenditure for a city. Government Measures Short Term Install variable frequency drives for water pumps ,_ Install energy efficient motors into equipment Make heating, cooling, and ventilation improvements in these facilities Long Term Establish methane recovery systems in local wastewater treatment plants Install an anaerobic digester at the wastewater treatment facility and optimize the co- generation potential of this technology __ _ __. _ . _.._ ............... _... t action & tQals ':; ~~ ~' ;I .~:. Recycling and Waste Reduction Waste prevention and recycling eliminates global warming pollution by reducing landfill methane emissions, transportation-related emissions and overall energy savings by reusing items that would otherwise have to be manufactured. Government Measures Community Measures Short Term Short Term x~ Establish/expand recycling programs „_ Establish/expand recycling programs x Implement organics and yard debris and set aggressive recycling targets/goals collection and composting ', ~ Educate the public about existing Long Term programs to boost compliance Establish system for reuse or recycling of construction and demolition Implement penalties for non-compliance materials for government construction with recycling programs projects Long Term Implement solid waste reduction ', Implement organics and yard debris programs for facilities ' collection and composting „< Implement environmentally preferable ~ Establish system for reuse or recycling purchasing program ' of construction and demolition _ ¢< Establish a methane collection system materials for your landfill or consider awaste-to- ', Implement solid waste reduction energy facility for your community __ programs _ __ ._ Education and Outreach From how you heat your home to how you drive your car, the daily choices that every citizen makes can impact both local and global warming pollution. Educating government staff and the public is the crucial first step to changing the behaviors that contribute to climate change. __ _ _ _ _. Government Measures Short Term ', Educate city staff about reducing global warming pollution and its importance to their work and the city's mission __ _ _ __ Community Measures Short Term & Long Term Help educate the public, schools, other jurisdictions, professional associations, business, and industry about reducing global warming pollution _action & tools Cost effective actions to reduce global warming pollution <= Education Effectively communicating to a city's staff the importance and impact of taking actions to reduce global warming pollution is key to the success of the following measures. Motivating staff to partner and pioneer simple energy and water conservation actions and implement complex measures is integral to ensuring the success of programs. See the Eaucation and C)utr~~.r.~i page for more information. ~$ Clean Fleets and Fuel From restricting the idling of all city staff vehicles or assigning police officers to patrol on bicycles in dense urban areas to purchasing the most fuel efficient vehicles possible or using alternative fuels -cities can reduce emissions and costs from what is often one of the largest sources of global warming pollution -transportation. See the Transportation page for more information. yr Recycling Waste prevention and recycling reduces global warming pollution by reducing methane emissions and saving energy. Reducing the waste stream produced by city staff operations cuts the volume of waste disposed, reduces solid waste collection fees and can even generate revenue. In 2001 ICLEI found that more than 70 percent of reported global warming pollution reductions from CCP participants were due to waste-related activities. See the Recy:aina and ~.~1laste !<eductian page for more Information. ~~ Switch to LEA's or CFL's Save energy and maintenance costs by switching to LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) in traffic signals and exit lights. Use CFLS (Compact Fluorescent Lights) to light municipal buildings. LEDs are 90 percent more energy efficient and last 6-10 times longer than conventional lights and CFLS use up to 66 percent less energy than a standard incandescent bulb and last up to 10 times longer. Both LEDS and CFLS significantly lower both energy and maintenance costs. See the Enera~r Effi; i;nrv page for more information. q~ Turn out the lights at night Instituting a "lights out at night" or "while not in use" policy is an easy and effective way to save electricity, reduce global warming pollution, and save municipal dollars. This can be accomplished through educational campaigns and through technology, such as timers and occupancy sensors. See the Erux;~;- Efficiency page for more information. action &tools ......._........ ~~ Purchase energy efficient equipment Look far ENERGY STAR labeled equipment. ENERGY STAR computers use 70 percent less electricity than non-ENERGY STAR equipment, Some ENERGY STAR copy machines reduce paper costs by $60 a month and reduce energy costs at the same time, and fax machines that have earned the ENERGY STAR label can cut associated energy costs by 40 percent. See the Enerc~~,_,,;'f_riPnc_z page for more information. ~~~ ~.lgf'ltet'1 ~i00ftOpS In warm climates, cool roofs can absorb less solar energy and quickly release any heat that they store. Simply adding a highly reflective/emissive coating to a black or metal roof on a city building can reduce the need for air conditioning and produce huge annual cost and energy savings while decreasing global warming pollution at the same time. See the Green Build_nt~, page for more information. ya, Enc®urage Commuters to take Public Transit In cities with public transit systems, providing incentives for employees and commuters in the community to commute via public transit is one way for cities to decrease traffic, free up downtown parking spaces, and reduce emissions. These can include subsidized or free transit passes, parking cash-out programs, coordinated car or van pools, and programs such as a commuter challenge. See the Trar~spertatian page for more information. ~~ Plant Trees Studies have shown that well-landscaped commercial buildings and residential neighborhoods have lower heating and cooling costs. Strategically planted street trees and shrubs can significantly reduce cooling costs around low-rise facilities by providing shade in the summer months. Planting deciduous trees can offers shade in the summer and allows the sun to warm buildings naturally in the winter. See the Lane !.ise page for more information. ' r : t _ . fi 1 ~ ~ _ ~ . Land Use ,, t. + , 4s3- .~, ~~ _ _ Best Practices :, ~,~ x~ ~ ~,~ . ~ ~, - _"~ Sacramento's Transit Village Redevelopment ~ ~~` }:. •~ ,~, ~ The City of Sacramento's 65th Street/Transit Village redevelopment project provides a 20- ~ s~ rt,` ~ ° ~ ;~:~~ ~ ~~? 25 year plan for mixed use, transit-oriented development in East Sacramento. The goal of - - = ' "r '~-~~` this project is to improve pedestrian and bicycle circulation, increase residents', shoppers', and workers' access to the city's light rail system and strengthen this neighborhood's connection to the nearby California State University, Sacramento. The project was examined using six different scenarios of varying densities and mixed uses. In 2003, the residentially focused, transit-oriented model predicted that households would drive 2,000 miles less per year compared to the existing zoning and existing use scenarios. This reduces each household's emissions by one ton of COZ yearly. Newark's Tree Planting Initiative In 2004, Newark undertook a new project to create a more attractive, healthier, energy- efficient city with one simple tool: trees. Utilizing funding from a statewide urban forest energy efficiency initiative called "Cool Cities," Newark planted 500 trees in strategic areas to employ the trees' energy efficiency and air pollution reduction benefits. The City anticipates each tree will reduce heating and cooling costs by up to 12 percent for buildings that are shaded by the trees, which will in-turn, reduce energy use and global warming pollution. ~ Res©urces Victoria Transport Policy Institute httr.):!i~r.;wr:v.±~rri orairlnc~ ~rn~nt<e1~~1~lart rho Smart Growth Online htt.:!%`~,~vrvt'.1~ert~. re~:•rdth_grc~ CCAP Guidebook flt~j"i(~•v1Nb/ r'Caj' ofC' ICLEI Land Use and Transportation Planning Toolkit httpa!wvn,~d.i;:I[: orC7 Smartgrowth America http;!ivv~n.~~^d :,m~~rtrarci`~~~thame=~ it-~ Pore EPA Getting to Smart Growth: 100 policies far Implementation: htt.,:/hNUVV~/.Sn;art:. n:,wi:fi.~:d(..~/(-:dtiCPit_O`,:..~~:~c EPA Getting to Smart Growth: II htto l;'tinr4Ratr- ~m~rtrUrov~,~th oro'F,PJf%rlc`1trsc % f`~If Smart Growth Toolkit Geared towards MA Municipalities, but generally applicable httr;:!i,r.-w•„„^d mass a~)v!~~nv~ri5mar' ~lrnvdth t~)~)Ikii National Governor's Association -Growth and Quality of Life Toolkit "'ttC:'!IL^.~~fJ`,^ r nCi n i ~ Slt~'i'1C1~ r~l 'nUltFir` ' 2 (, i^ 7''1~` l~' ~'L~ i~~~{ JdCl ~>C J''~~~' " ,. _.. ra,, : t.gne;~tt~!l:=adeb:,erg.'ti:ih32;;1.(1''v'ar!V;"'i,i1')~)(lrl;) i 1t''~ k~? Transportation Research Board -State by State Smart Growth Resources by State :,r+D:r!'•Al\i'JVV.tri1.^riJ%C(~nfPr ^'n~ ;cm r.~-~ _::__,._____.._--.--._.....~. __.. , ..n..a, _v i-_~ ; a ..: ri1V,Ith.ii=. American Forests !'it1C':!%,:!w`.q),<~;r,cric=~r)*r~re<f~ ~~rc, USDA Urban Forest Research Center hhttn:!i~•r•.wv:•~c=s.r~~~~.usinEs%«~;ar; :~;nn;;x i~~tm' tanct Use "r?esnurces'" cr~ntinucd... Northeast Urban Tree Center -Tools for assessing Urban Tree Health and Establishing Design Guidelines http:i;vnvv:~.urnaSS.(;dU!Urbal"}trOC'i,pf~?IP!'t~ Shtl"l~ Air Pollution Removal Calculator: This program is designed to estimate pollution removal and value for urban trees based on basic user inputs about the study area (e.g. a park). This program uses local data analyzed for various cities by the Urban Forest Effects (UFORE) model. hrtp:!(v~.+w~<^J.fs.ied us;neiryracusr~' ~-;o~s~rn~l=: htm Ordinances/Resolutions: Visit the Congress for New Urbanisms Web site for a listing of Model TOD Ordinances, Pltto:;hn;ww.cru.l.ora%(~df/cod=.:~ =•~talnn t'•-~-f)1 F~df Model Ordinances for Traditional Neighborhood Design and Neighborhood Preservation I"tttp:!/~nrww.srnartarawth nrn!librarv/fwldrtypr~ ~sp~tyr*=i&r~=~~-1n0U American Planning Association`s Growing Smart Legislative Guidebook: Model Statutes for Planning and the Management of Change http ilw+i/~,n; planning~~rc~grr~^~inc~rn=~r~ Guidelines for Developing and Evaluating Tree Ordinances. A website from the USDA Forest Service and the International Society of Arboriculture, which includes information on planning for an ordinance, drafting an ordinance and evaluating an ordinance. httlr,'hnrv~+.v.isa-arhor;:orr~ipublir~tic~nsrnrdln~~n~i= ,sew Transportation Best Practices Honolulu's Bus Rapid Transit Program A steady growth in passengers choosing the bus for their commute has accompanied the expansion of Honolulu's Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) program. Monthly ridership has increased from about 100,000 riders since 1999, when the program began, to over 630,000 in 2005. Assuming that half of BRT ridership represents a shift from trips made in passenger vehicles to trips taken on BRT, this equated to an annual COZ reduction of approximately 7,000 tons. Portland's Light Rail System The TriMet Metropolitan Area Express (MAX) light rail system, serving 64 stations over 44 miles of track in the Portland metropolitan area, sees 97,000 trips each weekday. More than $3 billion in development has occurred along MAX lines since the decision to build was made in 1978. MAX ridership now eliminates 22.2 million car trips per year, offsetting an estimated 26,400 tons of COZ annually, while reducing traffic, improving air quality, and preserving neighborhood livability -and public transit use has grown 75 percent since 1990. Philadelphia's Carsharing for the City Fleet The City of Philadelphia and PhillyCarShare instituted a novel car sharing system that includes both local residents and government employees. The program replaced 330 municipal vehicles and saved the city $2 million each year. In the community, 1,200 citizen vehicles were replaced saving residents $5.5 million in costs and reducing vehicle travel by 8.2 million fewer miles per year. best practices_& resources. ?ransr~nrtarion "best;°ractices'" Seattle's Bicycle and Pedestrian Planning cor~itinued... A substantial proportion of 5eattleites use their bicycles for recreation or transportation. It is estimated that about 36 percent of Seattle's 520,000 citizens engage in recreational bicycling and 11 percent of commute trips are walking and bicycling trips (7 percent walking and 4 percent bicycling, respectivelyj. In some parts of the city, bicycling and walking make up 20 percent of the commute trips. By cycling, residents avert emissions that would have otherwise been made by car trips. Cyclists and pedestrians are able to take advantage the extensive urban trails network. Seattle has about 28 miles of shared use paths, 22 miles of on-street, striped bike lanes, and about 90 miles of signed bike routes. The City's Department of Transportation has a Bicycle Program that is developing the City's first Bicycle Master Plan to improve and expand the network of shared use paths, bike lanes, signed bike routes, arterials with wide shoulders and pedestrian pathways. Marin County`s Safe Routes to Schools Today only 13 percent of children walk or bicycle to school, as opposed to 66 percent in 1970. According to a study by Marin County Safe Routes to School, Z1-27 percent of the county's morning traffic can be attributed to parents driving their children to school. More parents drive their children as a result of increased congestion near schools, further aggravating the problem, These trends have serious implications for both childhood obesity and respiratory problems, which are both rising trends. The Safe Routes to Schools program promotes walking and biking to school in order to reduce pollution and promote children's health and community livability. Since the program was instituted, single student car trips have dropped by 13 percent, saving over 4,250 one-way trips each day. Keene's Conversion to Biodiesel From fire engines to snowplows, all 77 of the vehicles in the City of Keene, New Hampshire's Public Works Department are running smoothly on B20 biodiesel. The fleet is fueled onsite at the department's pump. The biodiesel performs well in cold temperatures and has improved the air quality inside the fleet maintenance facility. The City has burned more than 4,400 gallons of biodiesel since 2002, which prevents an estimated 12 tons of COZ from entering the atmosphere annually. G~ Resources General Transportation Planning information: American Public Transportation Association h~tto:!i~,a~wr~~,,aj~ta com Transportation Research Board htt.F~:~!~^~~ry,~~.~~~_trh:~rr~ Win-Win Transport Emissions Strategies - A paper from the Victoria Transport Policy Institute htt,~!iw••~.av.%~nri.c?rq!ww;:iimat~.nr __..-. ~___:....._.__..~ -~__.___._.___...~._.~.F Clean Air and Transportation Resources from the U.S. Department of Transportation t , h tp:i,rnw:~;.ita,-xjd~~~~ ~.ca~~,,_r,,0_ress!incFr..:_~sh National Congestion and Travel Time Data from the Texas Transportation Institute's Urban Mobility Report l,.ttr;:it/mohitit~~.U::mi.i.eri,u~.r-~s Walking and Bicycle Planning Resources nttp:~!:Vl4nN~./fD.O!,a~C"(%.:;1niBnt3?':V:?~}CIIICa_.'J~.~~ ~~~tC ' ;1r`J1fw.J_k__:.'4_H_K_;)'r] _ best practices & resources /,rBRSaQf78t'O!7 "Resources"' Transportation Planning Tools: ccrrtinuc~d... Travel Matters' Transit Planning Emissions Calculator: Quantify the impact of transit decisions on global warming pollution. An online tool for measuring the emissions impact of making transit buses more fuel efficient. http:ilVb'wNJ.tr aVeln"18tte(S Or'C~ Center for Transportation Excellence's Transit Benefits Calculator: Estimate the co-benefits of transit investments. An online tool that focuses on the local economic benefits of transit investments. httl~~!V'dw'sl.rf_T,n-„_or~~,aicu~~t.~_.~p~. EPA's COMMUTER Model: Examining the Benefits of Transportation and Air Quality Programs Focused on Commuting. A model for quantifying the emissions benefits of strategies to reduce solo commuting. http:/1+NbvVv.P,Da.C~^,V(otai7~,`Stat?rP.Si)urCP.S% ,o!iC ~ ,an Iran< ~.htm?';' ICLEI Land Use and Transportation Toolkit r,ttp;i'vv:n;ti^,- ~'~r>' orra Commute Trip Reduction: Case studies from Best Workplaces for Commuters on creating commute reduction programs from carpooling to parking cash out programs http iiwwv' h+vr gcvlc~mrilnv;bFnefit5 htir The U.S. EPA has developed aWeb-based Calculator to enable an employer considering Best Workplaces for Commuters to estimate the financial, environmental, traffic-related, and other benefits of joining the program. http:(iw+nwv.b4._d~wiresourr..r~icaic.htm Car sharing strategies from the Victoria Transport Policy Institute: http:!(+.nro~?vv.~npi.orc~itdm-tdm' hrm The Car Sharing Library - A listing of resources htto iw^w,'+~~1 ^ar~l Carina nc~rili7ra~l'r'inde+e html Commute Trip Reduction -Ordinances/Resolutions: Commute Trip Reduction Model Ordinance from the Washington State Department of Transportation ht. i:nb^rvJ+A~ 4^JSd~t.+r~a. cvitnmith rPdJ: ~ti~~nicJ~~^_,~nl_c,?a~1%P~IodPl~7rtiinan;:eFlNAl..doc Transportation Demand Management Model Ordinance from the State of Minnesota httr~._i%serdeca~imin_st;3te.mn _t_siG~df72!;Gii._'gl>rfyloae~l~_rc~'.?!Pii~fc~_r~^= Green Fleets: The Clean Fleet Guide features tools to help fleets make "green" vehicle and fuel decisions including specifications on available alternative fuel and advanced technology vehicles, tools to perform cost analyses based on specific locations, and information on other technologies that can help improve fuel economy. '",ttp:r;v+!~,n,'ti^,r ee~r: cr+crgy c7nv~fir^et,,uide Clean Cities is committed to providing coalitions, fleet managers, and the public with accurate, accessible information. Data on purchasing alternative fuel and advanced technology vehicles to emissions and fuel information. htti7:;i~..vY~av+;.'ar~re.c~,er;,vc,r,vr'~f,>aru.air•~rrr,ni~ ;.,fo I",trr~ EPA Green Fleet FAQ flla:):i'i;?J1nhn~ E'Uc ;"1~,'Vjr,rTll9T~V~Jer?%f~+c; htm Green Driving Tips -Driving and maintenance tips for emissions reductions. htt.:::,•'%,.^,"+,;,+;v.ti ~onct nrr7/c;recrlDri•.,inc,Tij,<: on. Trar~spori;:natr, ~/i~P.StiU(C,°,~" CJRtI:?UE?G°°... Green Fleet -Ordinances/Resolutions: Model Low Emissions Vehicles Ordinance nrt~~iw~^~:n.~. fire uality ~,ra_rmc~delord/F~iscadi~PU1~d~!I FFIeetV? 0 rc!f Model Greenffeet Policy Ordinance from ICLEI's Greenfleets Web site http:!,'+rvUdw.i~rPenflFets~q,~~,lahelt_Offici~l I-itml#V'~rit,?°/ IOYOUr'%,ZOC)+a~n htto:il~nrU,'vv cleana'rrounis orarconterlt/Gr~~r~ri i=1e~~t policy' Qrdinar~cr f~df The City of Seattle Green Fleet Policy I•rtts>Jlvv~,nrw cityofseatCle nedenviroru7rF>nCDorumc~nt~•l~ IcanGrrenFli.ctAf pdf The City of Seattle Green fleet Resolution htt_~:Jyv~n~~r_.~,c~reenflee~s,;~rc~Se~Tt+_e~htm_ The City of Denver Green Fleet Resolution httn:ihvtrr+rd ;lreenfeets ora,'Dr~nverFev~ser' htmi Alternative & Clean Fuels: National Clean Diesel Campaign htt:a:il+nnvtn~ cirr~jnfi~~r~tsasa.net. Alternative Fuels Data Center http /i+w;n~w eery? c~nrrc~v novrafdc Biodiesel Board -A national non-profit trade association http:i+arlnly, t~odir~s~~i org School Bus Toolkit httc/iv~aw~n~~e~r~~ r~n~~rgtiaov,•'~fdc'~ppsitnnikit~~'rtrr~o t~us to~lkit r~mi Transit Vehicle Toolkit httpahN~•vV1.here.energy„c~o?li~,ficJc_i~~~;~sit_tglkittrarsit bi,is tr:c~lkit.htm! National Clean Diesel Campaign htto:'i+n-w,:v cleanfeetsusa.net Pedestrianf8icycle Resources: Pedestrian Planning from the U.S. Department of Transportation h?:tp:!r•~rnvvv+realkinginfc_~ ~rcl%of~ds~fc~ Walking and Bicycle Planning Resources http~//w.vvw- ••:tni ora/don ~mc~nts/~n~alk nn rhn htt:(J:rvd~ti~w bikev~t.lk „rr, Safe Routes to Schools http:/i+,tiwv+r~. ;afr:~rotitesoschnols.c;rc; ', Pedestrian/Bicycle Resources - Ordinances/Resolutions: Exemplary Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plans ~~! `"?ttp:!iv~~w+ni bicvcindinfn orc~'pprexernhlar;'ty 7trr~ __ _.. ._ ....................................... Green Power Best Practices Montgomery County, Maryland's Green Power Purchasing In 2004, Montgomery County led a group of local governments and local government agencies in a wind energy purchase that represents 5 percent of the buying group's total electricity needs. Under the two-year deal, the buying group will collectively purchase 38 million kWh of wind energy annually, translating into a yearly reduction of 21,000 tons of CO2, 95,000 pounds of nitrous oxides, and 1.4 pounds of mercury. The County demonstrated the benefits of renewable energy in meeting the requirements of the federal Clean Air Act by including the wind energy purchase as a control measure for ozone pollution in a State Implementation Plan for air quality improvement. The County plans to offset the added Gr~'"'~ '`'o!''•'Pj crest !'ra,='t«es" expense of the wind power purchase by instituting employee energy efficiency programs cor~trrrued... such as turning off lights, computers, and office equipment when not is use. District Energy Saint Paul Wood-fired Cogeneration District Energy Saint Paul Inc.'s new $52 million combined heat and power plant uses 275,000 tons of clean wood waste fuel each year. Under a 20-year agreement with Xcel Energy, the plant generates 25 megawatts of electricity, enough to power 20,000 homes. The plant significantly reduces air pollution by displacing 110,000 tons of coal, reducing SOZ emissions by 600 tons per year and fossil fuel derived COZ emissions by 283,000 tons per year, plus an additional 50,000 tons from effciencies compared to on-site systems. District Energy heats/cools twice the building area vs. on-site systems with the same fuel input; serves 80 percent of downtown building space, including the State Capitol complex and 300 residences; is the largest hot water district heating and chilled water cooling system in North America. Portland's 100 % Renewable Goal Portland Oregon' Local Action Plan on Global Warming sets aggressive goals for renewable resources, instructing the City to acquire 100 percent of its energy needs from renewable sources by 2010 with an interim target of 10 percent by 2003. Actual renewable energy purchased currently stands at around 11 percent. To meet the long term goal, the City has invested in hydroelectric turbines in its drinking water reservoir system and a fuel cell powered by waste methane. Most significantly, in June 2003, the City purchased green energy certificates representing nearly 44 million kilo watt hours of wind power -enough to supply nearly 4,000 homes for a year. Seattle City Light`s Net Zero Emissions Policy to 2000, the Mayor and City Council mandated Seattle City Light to meet all new electrical demand with cost-effective conservation and renewable energy resources and achieve zero net emissions of global warming pollutants. As of 2005, Seattle City Light is reaching both these goals. Seattle has a low baseline of global warming pollution because clean hydropower produces most of the city's electricity. But even with this green power, the utility still produces some emissions from its fleet and building operations, among other examples. To reach zero net global warming pollutant emissions, the utility mitigates for alf emissions by purchasing offsets; in 2004 and 2005, City Light paid less than $2 per year per City Light rate payer for offsets through a variety of projects, such as supporting biodiesel in Seattle area fleets and contracting with DuPont Fluorochemicals to install a technology that substantially cut global warming pollution. Maintaining these policies avoids 200,000 metric tons of global warming pollutants being added to the atmosphere. Resour;.es EPA's Guide to Green Power Purchasing -The Guide includes information about different types of green power products, the benefits of green power purchasing, and how to capture the benefits of green power purchasing. htt:')'/rbV.y.r,; r• )fl, ro:v:f~, -,r, 4 ,Ur;~r•.,{,i-~, r ~~ :v.7~r„n.,r;,~ r;c, :i,i. ..r.r. Green Power Partnership - A program that promotes the purchase of green power in the private and public sector. i rt~(x'~:~n~nrd.~~o cr;vrcrr~~~n ~^v~fer _ best practices & r~~o~rces Greer, ?ov~~er "Best Pray,%ices° Green Tags vs. Delivered Products - A primer comparing these two types of programs. contrrued... httn'/!w`vv- c~pa dovi(~rc~f~ninc~(~p iicortr~ntlc~n~~~~~y~pdfigr~`~~n'a~~~x.;< Green Tags httn:.;~^~~n~w..cere.;~nera._,~.ao~!!fem:)tr^hnoir~gia~r:,n~vvahi~ nurrh-~~::prwr•~rrfrr: Green Pricing utility programs by state httD'N`,h~y^/4y P.(;rri P,nC?r(~a poviC,Jrh^n+~(l:Ahr%'T9f kP1',~l~rli "1f] <'I'ltm ~ )=lC~E-'- i The Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy (DSIRE) is a comprehensive source of information on state, local, utility, and selected federal incentives that promote renewable energy, httrr/hwwvv.dsireusa.orc~ Bonneville Environmental Foundation -Markets green power products to help fund renewable projects. http:!iw~nwd.b-c~-.erg Green Power - DrdinancesJResolutions: City of Albuquerque Renewable Energy Resolution httpJhn,«~iw.cabq.aovrenE~rgvidocument~ire~oluticm s~9 roc City of Seattle City Light Resolution for Net Zero Emissions Cit~,J Liaht Net <<;ro f2esolut~on Energy Efficiency Best Practices Chicago's 15 Million Square Feet Retrofit Program The City began to audit and retrofit 15 million square feet of public buildings with efficient equipment for heating and cooling, lighting and ventilation. The 15 million square feet are made up of police stations, libraries, fire stations, park facilities, transit facilities, health centers, community/cultural centers, colleges and other types of facilities that are owned by the City, the Chicago Park District, the Chicago Transit Authority or the City Colleges of Chicago. As of June 2004, more than 5 million square feet of city-owned facilities had been audited and retrofitted. 15 million square feet is roughly equivalent to the size of three Sears towers. When the project is complete, energy savings to the City and its sister agencies are estimated to be $6 million annually, with $2 - 3 million in savings for the City alone. The annual savings upon completion estimates 30,000 tons of CO2, and 84 tons nitrous oxides, and 128 tons of sulfur dioxide. Ann Arbor's Municipal Energy Fund Since 1998 Ann Arbor's Municipal Energy Fund has provided city facilities with a source of capital for energy efficiency retrofits. The Energy Fund provides initial capital for new projects and receives 80 percent of projected annual energy savings from each installed project for five years. The five-year payment plan allows projects that have a shorter payback to help support projects with a longer payback, and all savings accrued beyond the first five years remain with the departments implementing the improvements. The Fund was seeded by the city with five annual investments of $100,000, and quickly became self- sustaining. Most installed measures have had payback periods of three to six years, and projects supported by the Fund have yielded a total of 685 tons of annual eCO2 reductions. E?~ercav Et"rciency "Bes% PracticE~c" Seattle's Energy Conservation Measures conurruec... In 1998, the City of Seattle dedicated approximately $1 million to pay for cost effective energy and water conservation measures in City buildings and facilities. An Energy Services Company (ESCO) was hired to identify, analyze and install conservation measures. The program was managed by the City's Office of Sustainability and Environment and created incentives for departments to participate by offering them the opportunity to save money on their utility bills -which could then be applied to their programs. Energy efficient lighting and HVAC projects were completed in police and fire stations, community centers, fleet maintenance centers and offce building, and red traffic signals and pedestrian walk signs were changed to LEDs. After three years, an independent evaluation of the program concluded that the City's investment was sound: the present value of net benefits to the City for all of the projects was $2.5 million. The internal rate of return to the City for all of these the projects was 14 percent, and the pay-back period is under six years. ~i` ReS©Ut"CES Background: American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy -General Information. Y1tt,.~;I%~AfUJIh'. ~CP_P;E:_C? DOE's Building Energy Codes Program is an information resource on national model energy codes. http:/!vnJ+.lv~.1.ene.rc,ycodes gav Energy Star for Government Agencies -ENERGY STAR brings your government agency a proven energy management strategy to save energy and money while demonstrating your ', environmental leadership. htt.~a7~~~ww.enr~ravstar ao~dindrx rfm'?~=govc~rnmF'n' hug aovernm~~nt ACEEE Buildings Guide promotes the development and widespread adoption of energy efficiency improvements in buildings, appliances, and other equipment used in buildings. http:!/wwv~~.acr>c:e orgibuil;JinaS'indc~~< htrn Energy Savers take you directly to resources available across Federal agencies for homeowners, contractors and builders, building managers, realtors, state agencies, drivers and fleet managers, and industry managers. ht[p:-!vv+;v+rr.e:nerrys=a+Jer~.. ENERGY STAR -Delta Score Estimator identifies the relationship between the percent energy saved in a building and the energy performance rating score of a building using ENERGY STAR. httD ai+niVJ+.:V.Cnerol'star.C10'vr Index.cfm !C=.IE:I ~~.Ir1Ci~'r ENERGY STAR -Assess Financial Value by using the Financial Value Calculator to estimate increased earnings from energy reductions. htti7'a;?L'Vi^dV'1.en~_'rC1VStnLC]OV•'ic~;b !ilf'~`<<:iill-i%lnC,,~ va' '~ -''lliatOr'+~~ ENERGY STAR -Use the Cash Flow Opportunity Calculator to help answer critical questions about energy efficiency investments. ~; htt7.i,1^~4v~~?' eneravstar.qc)V,_~~'f~i;~51nr.;.,~5,'"Ci^_C~I,II?t0f X!S Energy Cost Calculators -The calculators below allow users to enter their own input values (e.g. utility rates, hours of use, etc.) to estimate the energy cost savings from buying energy efficient lighting and commercial, residential and office equipment. tto:h~nn^J5•~• A~,~-.~-nerc•~.oov,ferr:,~~,rec_r,= , ~Pn ~r ---....,_..__._._._..._.::_....._.-=---.-~;;~~:,----._..___~:--. -- mF~.t,.... .-..raiculators..,r?r Energy Efrrcrency "Resources'" Energy Efficiency - OrdinanceslResolutions: continued... Comprehensive City of Albuquerque: Energy Resources http:~%~•vv:~rJ.cabc~c ovknerr Chicago Energy Conservation Code I_~t.tp:; leocv.c:il:vofchicago.orcU/citvivvek~[;on':~I'port~IFnrrvFtn~Yx'Arhnn.do?e:ntit:vNam~=Cc;nsin.~ tion+and+Penr~itsFJt,ntit~+hvarr?r~Enun~iVal,,t~- "i?4 California Energy Commission - 2005 Building Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings h~_;;w:niVt'.r?n(`rQV.Ca.GOV.!rf:Ii'~~/2005standarcis~2005- ~ l -f:;.~ X00-0: •.001 F.P~: ~F Energy Star Purchasing Best Practices City of Chicago Housing Authority Buys ENERGY STAR The ENERGY STAR program enables public agencies to purchase large quantities of appliances to help lower both manufacturers and buyers costs. Through a national initiative of the U.S. Department of Energy and the Consortium for Energy Efficiency, public housing agencies and utility companies in 38 cities purchased over 70,000 Maytag brand refrigerators that use energy efficient technology. By purchasing 10,000 of these refrigerators, the Chicago Housing Authority reduced annual electric bills by more than $500,000. Massachusetts Buys ENERGY STAR In 1997, the State of Massachusetts began including ENERGY STAR standards in its procurement specifications for computers, fax machines, copiers, printers, and other office equipment. Energy Star is a voluntary labeling partnership between the U.S. EPA and industry certifying and promoting energy efficient products. The Energy Star label makes it easy to identify products that save money and prevent pollution, and Energy Star products are available from almost all manufacturers at the same cost as more energy-intensive models. Thus the State of Massachusetts' procurement policy protects the environment without compromising quality or price. 47 Resources Green Purchasing: A guide for local communities: ht1.'p;;/~rJ1h'V.+.stare.rll.llS!dP.r;~dSr/bSCIUSI'Stalnc bl=-COmmtPpr t cif Center for a New American Dream's Procurement Strategies Program Helps U.S. state and local governments and other large purchasers incorporate environmental considerations into their purchasing. Publishes success stories of pioneering efforts and conducts training sessions and conference calls to teach purchasers how to identify and buy greener products. !ittp:r9,.v'•r:+~,N nr~+.-vcirra:~rn.orc~,~.rc:c4ir~ Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program and Database, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency -Comprehensive source of information on green purchasing. Database includes green contract language and specifications, voluntary standards and guidelines, and other practical information. htto ;!v,+'.~.;sr;+.epa.nr_w,onotiero .~.~ _. a~I7i',lC)f Star PUrCr'?Fi,Slr(C Massachusetts Environmentally Preferable Products Procurement Program "Resources" cc~niinued... Information about. state effor[s to buy green products, including useful guides and reports as well as contracts for purchasing recycled products and other goods. I1ttpAi;`VWJ~~.!._tai.P,.tY7a.hSr'OSd/E'n\`Irn/°ilt;_[o.'1t177 Energy Star Purchasing - t~rdinances/Resolutions: City of Honolulu, Energy Star Purchasing Resolution "tttp;?(V•JU?/}nJ.l'tonollllU C10V/ref`_+!CClpol/qq-~^; htr`7 City of Berkeley, Environmentally Preferred Purchasing Resolution -including energy and water conservation specifications: httpa/~,rJVdrni.besafrenet.cam!ppcidos5'p;.irr..hasinq,'Pli BPf?i;dfr~earch=',22ener;~y '%~,27SCar`"'%20r?"fr'ha`Ir1C~%?r)hrdlnAnCC''~o~(1`'' 22 Green Building Best Practices Austin Builds Green Whether remodeling a home or building an office tower, the City of Austin's Green Building program helps community members, governments and businesses build more energy efficient, environmentally sound structures. Since 2000, the City Council has mandated that all new municipal buildings achieve a LEED silver rating. LEED accreditation ensures sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency and green materials selection. In 2003, 22 percent of new homes and four commercial projects totaling 145,000 sq ft. in the Austin Energy utility district were built in accordance with the program's guidelines. Overall, the program has peak load energy use and the total 21,600 megawatt-hour savings equals a $1 .8 million savings for utility customers. In terms of pollution reduction, this means 8,343 tons yearly reduction of COZ. Seattle's Developer Incentives Seattle was the first city in the nation to formally adopt LEED as the design and performance standard for all city projects and today Seattle has also developed strong incentives for the private sector. Developers who pursue and achieve certification at the silver, gold and platinum levels for new projects receive financial incentives and technical assistance. In order to get significant bonuses to increase building height and density, developers building New Construction (LEED-NC) or Core & Shell (LEED-CS) projects in the central city core and adjoining areas must contribute to affordable housing and other public amenities and achieve at least LEED silver certification. The City also offers financial incentives and provides technical assistance on a case-by-case basis. i~recn Burldlny "f3~st Practices" Chicago's Greening of City Hall centlr~ileU.. Surfacing the roofs of municipal buildings with greenery can not only reduce storm water runoff, but also create large energy savings. The degree of savings depends on the type of roof and the climate. Warmer climates offer greater energy savings because green roofs reduce air conditioning costs more efficiently than they lower heating bills. The City of Chicago found that installing a green roof on city hall lowered the temperature by 3 to 7 degrees Fahrenheit, which translated into a 10 percent reduction in air conditioning requirements. While the city's green roof was 90 degrees on the summer's hottest days, neighboring roofs measured over 160 degrees. Fahrenheit. ~ Resources U.S. Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) The LEED Green Building Rating SystemTM' is a voluntary, consensus-based, market-driven building rating system based on existing proven technology. http:!iww~.v. Lspbc. orc~ Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) is a widely used international method of assessing building quality and performance in terms of energy efficiency, environmental impact, health and operation and management. trtto:r!w~~^.n~:~. breeam. orc; ' Green Building Program -Austin, Texas The City of Austin has promoted green building through a city resolution adopted in 1994. The program has a residential and a commercial component, which rates the following dwelling features for sustainability: water, energy, materials and solid waste. httoa/~nnn/w~.austinenerr~y comlEncrc~t~?'.2tiEff;ienc /~o0ram5lC~rP('n`%~~OBuilrh":niinc~>)' htrr• Scottsdale's Green Building Program -City of Scottsdale, Arizona Program monitors and scores construction projects for approximately 150 green measures. This "yes/no" system is an alternative option to a "multi-star" program like Austin. httU'iiU,IW,+l rj ~;~Ott~d£11~~~ a~ U~i~rPi?I"1bLlll~~in~ Green Building Initiative, City of Portland, Oregon Their "Integrated Building Design" provides actions and opportunities from predesign through operations and maintenance. Their "Green Building Guidelines" provide specific opportunities in building design and construction practices. hT.tp:rtvvwsl.portlandonline comiosiilindex..cfm"%c-41481 Building Codes Assistance Project (For State and Local Code Agencies) The Building Codes Assistance Project provides custom-tailored assistance on building energy code adoption and implementation. It assists state and local regulatory and legislative bodies. i~tfip_i~.rl~•^•>>~<t~_ra .-enen. ~~^,ri1 -f__-_-..~~..__,- Green Building -Ordinances/Resolutions: City of Seattle's facility Standards for Design, Construction & Operations including LEED specifications I)tt~?i•.r,~U^.I+.,ry~.citvofSe ~ttle. neUfs.t:ilil:St;cvraC?Dment%rc;ignst:,ndards.r; rn Arlington County, VA requires a LEED Scorecard for all new projects: hLtr;~.ll',.NN/?i!~<'rln(~tf)nY„ l,Slf~f r)?rt:r~f i~,Pri,_ [,'-al"1nInCLIOnIfl~i[~df~,i- O ~ ;',i?d ,~ di ';FirCl"1= ~~LEE[% _Oc~riiin,=~rx;c:`-<~~ - ~* t'~~'-~ ~ Water and Wastewater Treatment Best Practices Portland Pioneers Waste-to-Energy Generation The City of Portland, Oregon installed the world's first city-sponsored anaerobic digester gas (ADG) fuel cell in its wastewater treatment plant in May 1999. The Fuel Cell Power Plant converts methane into electricity, generating power in a virtually pollution free operation. Added benefits are manifold-methane and criteria air pollutants are reduced, as is the amount of electricity purchased from utilities that operate fossil-fuel burning power plants, and the fuel is free because methane is produced during wastewater treatment. Portland installed a 200 kilowatts hydrogen fuel cell to help utilize its waste methane and reduce power plant air emissions. The result of this pilot installation is a net reduction of 694 tons of C02 annually - 14,000 tons over the life of the fuel cell. Efficiency for generating electricity using a fuel cell is higher than most regional power plants at about 38 percent and when the usable heat is recovered, the rated efficiency climbs to 78 percent. The fuel cell displaces the need for emergency generators or un-interruptible power supply valued at $150,000. San Diego's Waste-to-Energy The energy savings incurred by the City of San Diego's Metropolitan Wastewater Department help maintain lower sewer rates for citizens while providing renewable electric energy to the region. Eight "digesters" at the Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant use heat and bacteria to break down the organic solids removed from the community's wastewater. One of the by-products of this biological process is methane gas, which is collected from the digesters and piped to the on-site Gas Utilization Facility. The methane powers two continuously running generators that can each produce up to 2.25 megawatts of electricity. d Re50UrCeS ENERGY STAR -Wastewater Focus hL~.,:(r'v/w`iJ. ~;1P..r('~t5 ,'sL , C1!1!In_(,eX,.~;:fm ~C=C~VPrnment.'•r~a~tftn,'ai(~[_f!,_G-t!= t The Integrated Waste Services Association (IWSA) was formed in 1991 to promote integrated solutions to municipal solid waste management problems including waste to energy technologies. )2ttf,~:Llbb"f;!L_^^•/ b^J[P:J-r,~J;`n;asT.~_hml PA Department of the Environment Drinking Water and Wastewater Operators Information Center CiyL%.,_!?_`A14".Jury j(;(?. its?isE';.~i.`~;li~l7Fnf(U~_;Lll:~ i°~~~!},~<arFrt:;~1;>!t?r°S..I,~~li r?C1°X(loi?d.ili.m Online Energy Efficiency Calculators -Pennsylvania Department of the Environment Drinking Water and Wastewater Operators ~'%.!iV~!V ~'+. tiF C?. ~IatF' ~;%I _~~~C~(~'d~:.l>l t tC'`'d1,'~tfl ~'°~h~ 1F "if'i~`'i°d~~~I~~l r-rli~f r~PaC_).~~~~ nC~r ~\_;_'~~ i~:ularcrs~hltt ___ best practices &.resources _ _ __ _ _ __ Recycling and Waste Reduction Best P~ actives San Francisco's Organics Collection Program The City of San Francisco instituted residential curbside collection of organic material as part of its Fantastic Three program. The program provides each household with a green cart for organic waste, a blue cart for commingled recyclables, and a black cart for all remaining trash. Residents and businesses are encouraged to place all food scraps and yard trimmings into the green cart, which is collected for composting at a regional facility. By instituting curbside organics collection, San Francisco became the first large city in the nation to collect food scraps citywide. The Fantastic Three program enabled the City to reach a reported overall 67 percent garbage diversion rate in 2004. The rough outreach and other methods, the City plans to expand the Fantastic Three program and increase both the amount of organics and recyclables collected. The program's expansion is projected to achieve an annual eCOZ reduction of 70,000 tons. Seattle's Ban on Recyctables from Garbage ', Since January 2005 the City of Seattle has prohibited the disposal of certain recyclables from residential, commercial, and self-haul garbage by law. The new recycling ordinance is ', aimed at eliminating recyclable or compostable paper, cardboard, aluminum cans, plastic bottles, and yard debris that, until recently, have constituted approximately 25 percent of the city's garbage. The city hopes the new ordinance will save residents and businesses as much as $2 million per year and keep future garbage costs low, as well as help to reverse the recent decline in Seattle's recycling rates. The measure is projected to achieve an annual reduction of 260,000 tons of eCOZ. Montgomery County, Maryland Retrofits a Landfill into an Energy Source The County installed a gas collection system for the Gude Southlawn Sanitary Landfill in Rockville, MD. The landfill was open for almost 20 years and collected an estimated 4.8 million tons of waste under 91 acres. Forty-four wells were established to feed an on-site generation facility with two generators to recover the landfill gas and turn it into electricity. ', The 1,500 kilowatt electrical generators are connected to the local power grid and revenues is generated from selling this electricity to Potomac Electric Power Company under a 20-year agreement. To date ratepayers have saved millions of dollars in capital costs after the costs of installing the methane collection system in the landfill; approximately 600 million cubic feet of landfill gas is prevented from going into the atmosphere each year. At 50 percent methane content, that's the global warming polution equivalent of approximately 120,000 tons of COZ emissions prevented. 20,000 megawatt hours per year are generated-enough to serve an estimated 2,700 homes. Additionally the County makes substantial revenues from the sale of landfill gas rights. best practices ~ resources 4~ Resources EPA created the Waste Reduction Model to help solid waste planners and organizations track and voluntarily report global warming pollutant reductions from several different waste management practices. `ltip'//`[C`Snmltr' eoa govroar/r~lohr~lvvarmin~~ n'i*%COnt"ntr,qC*1C`n5~,~4~i'itf~~n/Ai?~V~ html EPA's Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP) demonstrates how to put waste to good use. As organic wastes decompose in landfills, they produce methane gas, which contributes to global warming. LMOP shows companies, utilities, and communities how to capture landfill gas and convert it to energy. http'i/v~nrvw E'pa c~ov~lmop WasteWise is a free, voluntary, EPA program through which organizations eliminate costly municipal solid waste and select industrial wastes, benefiting their bottom line and the environment. WasteWise is a flexible program that allows partners to design their own waste reduction programs tailored to their needs. http:!ieoa.gov/vsr-ste`v,~isi~ Case Study on San Francisco's Food Waste Diversion Program I'1CtC'//W1nlW CiWI71b Ca C~OV1Fr)C)dWa5te/(~aSGStJdi(?;`~'Untr'acts!''~t)O~sanfr~~l"1'' DL"- National Recycling Coalition resources httc:il~,vwvv.nrr.-rerycir nrgireso~~rr~~~lrrsnurces htm Source Reduction Publications from the EPA l ,ttp hvwwr e~~a gov!msvv/tiourcpuh "stn-, Recycling and Waste Reduction - OrdinanceslResolutions: Seattle Ban on Recyclables in Garbage ht1:c/ivvvvw sE:attlr ciov/uriilAbr~ur `,PWRc~vrinq Systenif-li~torl ~ Cwc~ sir r Ji3n On l~f:'C`1CIahIE' i In hc'rbii~]P'IndE'~ air-' Aspen`s Progressive Waste Reduction Ordinance, which includes a "Pay as You Throw" ordinance that charges citizens for waste disposal by volume. http:/lvv+new.ash„~~itkin,cnm/~lrlfs!dehts`44irer:yC:ng_ordin =?nc_ Debris Recycling Ordinance, Glendale, CA httr,:~`ivvwvv.r:Lnlend~?I° ~~ uslp~)bli^ v~,nrl<i!C'nr~;rr r~~rn ~eh~is ~„~y~°~~n~; i)rd Education and Outreach Best Practices Burlinton's Community 10pen:ent Challenge The 10 percent Challenge in Burlington, VT is a voluntary program to raise public awareness about global climate change and to encourage households and businesses to reduce their global warming pollution by at least 10 percent. Enlisting innovative outreach methods such as a musical road show called "Beat the Heat," the program is achieving an estimated annual reduction of 1,500 tons of COZ in the residential sector alone. best practices & resources_ ~ducarian ana Outrea;;h "Best Vancouver, British Columbia's One Day Campaign rractkes " continu~:}a... One Day is the City of Vancouver's community engagement process in support of its Community Climate Change Action Plan. The process Is about taking small steps to reduce energy use, at home and on the road, to make Vancouver the cleanest, greenest, healthiest city in the world. The program emphasizes the small first steps that citizens can take in our every day lives. One Day is working with partners -youth, community groups, business leaders - to start this movement from the ground up, seeding the idea in schools, workplaces, businesses, neighborhoods, coffee shops and more. Seattle`s Climate Partnership The Seattle Climate Partnership is a voluntary pact among Seattle-area employers to take action to reduce their own emissions, and to work together to help meet the community- wide goal. An initial group of Seattle-area employers -the Port of Seattle, Recreational Equipment Inc., the University of Washington, Starbucks Coffee Company, Urban Visions, Lafarge Seattle, Shoreline Community College, Mithun, Garvey Schubert Barer, and the City of Seattle -have come together to develop and grow the Partnership. These employers are committing to take actions that will reduce their global warming pollution emissions while at the same time cutting costs, improving the work environment for their employees, and improving their record of corporate responsibility. In exchange for making and keeping this commitment, Partners will receive a host of benefits, including high- quality technical assistance, access to utility incentive programs, opportunities for cost- saving collaborations such as joint purchasing arrangements, and recognition for a job well-done. Salt Lake City`s E2 (Environmentally and Economically) Sustainable Citizen & Business Community Programs Salt Lake City's innovative outreach program engaoes both citizens and businesses to save money, improve the environment, and contribute to the City's livability. The Citizen program challenges residents to commit to at least five things to ensure a sustainable future. The business-oriented program is designed to recognize and support the Salt Lake City business community and economy and provides some of the following benefits; cost savings from reduced resource use; ability to attract new customers and increase customer loyalty; free advertising purchased through grants and other funding sources of the Salt Lake City Green program; earned media; reduced advertising costs in selected publications; free consultation with Salt Lake City staff experts; and finally, the knowledge that their business is contributing in a positive way to the environment and community. !~ Res©urees City Education Campaigns: One Day Vancouver lrt(~ i!~,r~Ln:v,~.eruadavv_-~~~~, ,ver ~.2 Salt Lake City E2 Program htt.I'i-'f"4"~`~~.:._14.~1~P~.:c^m/~2~~1~~~.~~~it~z~ritih~m Seattle Climate Partnership Iittt:~:!i•••nrw~:v.s=st,le, dr,v,:ar~i., e;r,,-~;r,r~s;~: , htrr., _ _ best practices & resQUrces cduratror~ anci Our; each ', City Education Task Forces: "Resol,'rc~'s` L'Oi^rrnur'd... Tucson Metropolitan Energy Commission. Tucson, AZ Commissioners representing many sectors of the community promote sustainable development in the Tucson metropolitan area through support of resource-efficient building codes and community education. ', http;/!vvv,rwlucsonrncr. arg Saint Paul Task Force. Saint Paul, MN 10 different city departments are represented in the ', task force, which coordinates sustainability decision-making throughout the city. The Task Force followed the success of the group formed to guide the Energy Conservation Project. heap:(/vrvv~.^J~.ci.stpaul.rnn.;as/dF:nts/rya e~~Yate Educational Programs: Education Curricula: ICLEI and the City of Berkeley created this educational brochure about climate change for CCP jurisdictions to download off the web and modify. The City of Burlington, VT also produced a brochure using the template. ', http:Ii~annnrJ.iciei.crc7/us/brochure htrr. Global Warming Education: School Lesson Plans, Global Warming Kids. Web Site dedicated to: Global Warming Education Climate Change Education Science, Solutions and a Resources Directory. ', I7ttpa!vv'•niv/clilYr~r~changeecilu°~tionora City Best Practices: The U.S. Conference of Mayors released a best practices book that covers the topics of air quality, climate change, energy sources, fuels, vehicles and transit, housing, municipal ', buildings, facilities and operations. I•ltto:r!usma~.~ors.orq/uscmrb~~st prar~tice~/E~Ir~rdy`~ ,mrrlirRPOE o~1f Climate Change Educational Information: EPA Global Warming Site: The EPA Global Warming Site httj):NYOAP'miTf'. epa.CJC)V/0%ir'/1"E!SGUrCeS.nSf%w(i'i)SE:arCC??C)~)C;nftirr'1 Frequently Asked Questions about Global Warming From NOAA httn://www.ncdc nos;=~ c~c7v/171/rl~matt~/g~c•,"=iiv,~rr~ina htrr Regional Impacts of Global Warming ~lttp' ~/5:V`h~w r.:~ `]r)V%C71{`I7~iIVV?l~r"1"lei: jr~-Ip~r[ci~ryd''X ~'tm~ Environmental Defense Fund's Global Warming, Myth vs. Fact http:/i~;v~,n,,~^a.f~c,`card/prlbsi'F~~t>hc~t~~~%~ (",VJF-,~,? html Global Warming Explanation IlitC):/I4V`„V V'J.nE'.4'JSi'li?I'CI`;t ~'~)n7%r75r)111~/ir751i7ht%l"i'Oha~f °~] hrrT'i Union of Concerned Scientists -Global Warming Science I?tta;/15;V`>'tifb^~/.!.IC~IIS~.C)rr:i/CIIC)~)rl i^,(r;fnli~lCl~CIE'rl(;(=9 appendix The US. Manors' Climate Protection Agreement WHEREAS, the U.S. Conference of Mayors has previously adopted strong policy resolutions calling for cities, communities and the federal government to take actions to reduce global warming pollution; and WHEREAS, the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the international community's most respected assemblage of scientists, has found that climate disruption is a reality and that human activities are largely responsible for increasing concentrations of global warming pollution; and WHEREAS, recent, well-documented impacts of climate disruption include average global sea level increases of four to eight inches during the 20th century; a 40 percent decline in Arctic sea-ice thickness; and nine of the ten hottest years on record occurring in the past decade; and WHEREAS, climate disruption of the magnitude now predicted by the scientific community will cause extremely costly disruption of human and natural systems throughout the world including: increased risk of floods or droughts; sealevel rises that interact with coastal storms to erode beaches, inundate land, and damage structures; more frequent and extreme heat waves; more frequent and greater concentrations of smog; and WHEREAS, on February 16, 2005, the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement to address climate disruption, went into effect in the 141 countries that have ratified it to date; 38 of those countries are now legally required to reduce greenhouse gas emissions on average 5.2 percent below 1990 levels by 2012; and WHEREAS, the United States of America, with less than five percent of the world's population, is responsible for producing approximately 25 percent of the world's global warming pollutants; and WHEREAS, the Kyoto Protocol emissions reduction target for the US would have been 7 percent below 1990 levels by 2012; and WHEREAS, many leading U.S. companies that have adopted greenhouse gas reduction programs to demonstrate corporate social responsibility have also publicly expressed preference for the U.S. to adopt precise and mandatory emissions targets and timetables as a means by which to remain competitive in the international marketplace, to mitigate financial risk and to promote sound investment decisions; and WHEREAS, state and local governments throughout the United States are adopting emission reduction targets and programs and that this leadership is bipartisan, coming from Republican and Democratic governors and mayors alike; and WHEREAS, many cities throughout the nation, both large and small, are reducing global warming pollutants through programs that provide economic and quality of life benefits such as reduced energy bills, green space preservation, air quality improvements, reduced traffic congestion, improved transportation choices, and economic development andjob creation through energy conservation and new energy technologies; and appendix_ WHEREAS, mayors from around the nation have signed the U.S. Mayors' Climate Protection Agreement which, as amended at the 73rd Annual U.S. Conference of Mayors meeting, reads: The U.S. Mayors' Climate Protection Agreement A. We urge the federal government and state governments to enact policies and programs to meet or beat the target of reducing global warming pollution levels to 7 percent below 1990 levels by 2012, including efforts to: reduce the United States' dependence on fossil fuels and accelerate the development of clean, economical energy resources and fuel-efficient technologies such as conservation, methane recovery for energy generation, waste to energy, wind and solar energy, fuel cells, efficient motor vehicles, and biofuels; B. We urge the U.S. Congress to pass bipartisan greenhouse gas reduction legislation that includes 1) clear timetables and emissions limits and 2) a flexible, market-based system of tradable allowances among emitting industries; and C. We will strive to meet or exceed Kyoto Protocol targets for reducing global warming pollution by taking actions in our own operations and communities such as: 1. Inventory global warming emissions in City operations and in the community, set reduction targets and create an action plan. 2. Adopt and enforce land-use policies that reduce sprawl, preserve open space, and create compact, walkable urban communities; 3. Promote transportation options such as bicycle trails, commute trip reduction programs, incentives for car pooling and public transit; 4. Increase the use of clean, alternative energy by, for example, investing in "green tags", advocating for the development of renewable energy resources, recovering landfill methane for energy production, and supporting the use of waste to energy technology; 5. Make energy efficiency a priority through building code improvements, retrofitting city facilities with energy efficient lighting and urging employees to conserve energy and save money; 6. Purchase only Energy Star equipment and appliances for City use; 7. Practice and promote sustainable building practices using the U.S. Green Building Council's LEED program or a similar system; 8. Increase the average fuel efficiency of municipal fleet vehicles; reduce the number of vehicles; launch an employee education program including anti-idling messages; convert diesel vehicles to bio-diesel; 9. Evaluate opportunities to increase pump efficiency in water and wastewater systems; recover wastewater treatment methane for energy production; 10. Increase recycling rates in City operations and in the community; 11. Maintain healthy urban forests; promote tree planting to increase shading and to absorb COZ; and 12. Help educate the public, schools, other jurisdictions, professional associations, business and industry about reducing global warming pollution. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that The U.S. Conference of Mayors endorses the U.S. Mayors' Climate Protection Agreement as amended by the 73rd annual U.S. Conference of Mayors meeting and urges mayors from around the nation to join this effort. BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, The U.S. Conference of Mayors will work in conjunction with ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability and other appropriate organizations to track progress and implementation of the U.S. Mayors' Climate Protection Agreement as amended by the 73rd annual U.S. Conference of Mayors meeting. references U.S. EPA. Mobile Source Emissions: Past, present and future. August, 2006. Retrieved from: lttr:/lJ.n:d`ni.;:Di;.;"'O:UOl~"/InVr}tr~r~jrl+~,>r~ncvvinollutanrs;index I-ltr-~ U.S. EPA. What is Green Power? August 2006. Retrieved from: `1't~J~//V•%+R~`": ar1F q`)\NGr~'~'r17(-+VVnr~llJrl =l'i'IndE'4 ht("'1 U.S. ENERGY STAR Program. Water and Wastewater Fact Sheet. August 2006. Retrieved from: Ittl~:/+ii~~l•!VJ.er181'rw4t8r CJr1Vllaiburin(1Psj~~+~('rnrn~'nt"~~%IS1PbV71'P~ "~ j"'dF Seattle Green Ribbon Commission. Resources for Local Governments: Taking Action. August 2006. Retreived from: httr:!/•~~wv+~^~'._cattle.nov%r_frrate't~l<inoA~•Ci'm Y7tr-1 City of Seattle Green Ribbon Commission Report. Maintain Seattle City Light at Net Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions pp. 20. hiir?: t^JWVJ.SBaitIF? C~nVi(:I(rli.~tr':~~r,~~:'.. 'if'.ai.'~rTBtc'?PCC'"t JC~C NYC Waste Less: Energy Efficiency. Caset Studies. August 2006. Retrieved from: iltl: ~~'NUVNi.n !:.2^V/litmlr(l~VV7StP~f-?5~!/Pjtm~%8t 8i3Pr1~IP,~/e_1P.I'~tj! ~:'fClen~.~hifT'I --~ "`' - Y=- -=-- . City of San Diego.Energy Efficiency Initiatives. August 2006. Retrieved from: C7i'J.i:!i J,n;V',n,~.S~indI~QC. ~nVll'?"15;V`.NCU!nl[IBla!ifiSr nn~'rtlti(ShCmi e I `"~ ~-;-- 1CLE1 - Loca( Governments far Sustainability ~ i.•o~,~ 436 14th Street, Suite 1520 ~avetxtspratts '.f~c ~a'~ta~~xaGrLi'ty Oakland, CA 94612 VU~`v 4S'. icl ei. or~.~us a